morad ghanbarpouri

In the first part of this paper, multi-dimensional understanding of the soil and water management of agricultural lands of Honam Sub-catchment was provided by determining the 53 homogeneous soil and water management units (HSWMUs), current behavior assessment of the farmers, and the yield gap analysis. It was found that efficiency of water and fertilizer consumption in the region was relatively low. Therefore, soil and water management packages including soil fertility management, irrigation management and land degradation prevention were prepared for each HSWMUs. The method of preparation and validation steps of management packages is the subject of this paper. To transfer the achieved knowledge and technology and to evaluate and validate the recommended packages, Aliabad Agricultural Jihad Center of Lorestan was selected as an innovation platform. Scaling-up was carried out by active cooperation of multi-level local to national experts to hold a technology exhibition including management of optimal use of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers, and irrigation methods to test the research results. To this end, the selected technologies and recommendations were implemented at volunteer farmers’ fields. The pilots were separated into two treatments of farmers' conventional practice and integrated recommendation in the beet-wheat rotation. The results of the best bet showed that, on average, crop production of winter wheat increased from 5 to 7.5 t/ha and water use efficiency improved by 13%. These results were displayed to other farmers on the field day, which matched up with the time of wheat harvest. By proofing the effectiveness of the results in the farmers' fields, the soil and water management packages of the region were prepared. Despite holding workshops for farmers, results were not scaled to others. We found that the out-scaling of soil and water management packages within HSWMUs and improvement of the average yield along with the principles of sustainability is rooted in three gaps: yield, research and development, and value chain gap. In other words, the awareness and motivation of the farmers, the ability to implement recommendations, and the availability of facilities are the basic conditions for filling crop yield gap in the region. Therefore, one-year pilots are not effective enough and should be continued for several years. Afterward, the capacity building of local extensions at the Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI) was carried out to show the different stages of preparing HSWMUs, recommendations and instructions. All data were transferred to the innovation platform in digital and printed format. Receiving feedback and to continue scaling-out under spiral proses method, a number of farmers of HSWMUs who volunteered to test the recommended packages in their farms were selected, and the pilots was designed based on participatory research. It is expected that with the establishment of long-term demonstration farms and the provision of various requirements such as the existence of various fertilizers and other agricultural inputs by the collaboration of public and private sectors, the transfer of recommendations to other farmers as well as decision makers of the sub-basin is facilitated.

There has been a great need to improve agricultural yield in arid and semi-arid regions in countries like Iran due to climate conditions and poor soils quality. Zeolite, as an abundant mineral in Iran, has been proposed to be used as substitutions for chemical fertilizers to increase the yield and yield components of plants. In addition, magnetic water is one of the important factors to increase crop yield. For this purpose, a greenhouse study was conducted based on a factorial design by two factors (Zeolite in three types: control, calcic zeolite and potassic zeolite and water in two types: tap and magnetic) and six replications in University of Birjand, Iran. The results showed that the type of water had a significant effect on the leaf length, leaf area, root dry weight, and leaf dry weight (P-value<0.05). The type of zeolite had a significant effect on the leaf length (P-value<0.01), leaf area, and total dry weight. The interaction between water and zeolite showed a significant effect on root length and leaf width (P-value<0.05). Since the application of magnetic water with calcic zeolite had a significant effect on increasing leaf length, leaf area index, and total dry weight compared to other treatments, it is recommended to use both factors together.