فهرست مطالب morteza abdollahi

Ectopia cordis is a congenital anomaly. In this disorder, the heart is located completely or partly outside its original location in the chest. This deformity has three cervical, thoracic, and abdominal forms and the neck form is the most common form. Up to now, many factors such as genetic defects, the receipt of chemical products (mercury, cocaine, ethanol), the consumption of teratogenic plants, exposures to radiation, infectious agents (such as BVD virus), and the use of medications (calcium suppressants) have been known factors in Ectopia cordis occurrence. Immediately after birth, a female Holestein was referred to a veterinarian clinic in Semnan City Iran,. During the clinical examination, according to the location of the heart outside the body and under the sternum, ectopia cordis anomaly was detected.

Women’s nutrition status includes significant effects on their children and household health. The purpose of this study was to assess energy and micronutrient intake adequacy in Iranian women.

This study was a part of the Urban HEART Study, which has jointly been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Centre for Health Development, Kobe, Japan. In total, anthropometric and dietary intake data were collected from 1125 women in southern Tehran municipality districts. A 24‑h recall questionnaire was completed by the expert nutritionists and the participants’ anthropometric statuses were assessed. Food intakes were calculated in grams per capita per day. Micronutrients and energy requirements were adapted from WHO/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) tables and Iran National Food Consumption Survey, respectively.

Nearly 71.5% of the women were overweight or obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 ]. Furthermore, 1.2% of the women were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2 ), while 27.3% had normal weight (BMI = 18.5‑‑24.9 kg/m2 ). The mean bread/cereal and vegetable intakes were significantly higher in obese group, compared to that in normal/under/overweight group (375.6 g/day ± 151.4, P = 0.05; and 331.4 g/day ± 227.5, P = 0.02), respectively]. Women in the lean group significantly consumed higher quantities of cakes/pastries and had the lowest calcium and iron adequacy ratios, compared to other groups (p = 0.001, P = 0.03, and P = 0.05, respectively).

These findings suggest that Iranian women, especially those who reside in the southern areas of Tehran, need to change their dietary habits to maintain their health. Moreover, being under/normal weight does not necessarily mean following healthy diets.

Exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months has an important role in infant and maternal health and prevention of child mortality. And the present study aimed to examine the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding in children under 6 months and evaluate the achievement of the World Health Organization's goal for 2025 at the national level.

In this national survey, Data from 1845 mothers/caregivers with children under 6 months were examined Information on breastfeeding and infant nutrition during the past 24 hours, demographic information and socio-economic status in 1396 were collected. The survey questionnaire is derived from the DHS questionnaire designed by WHO and the food intake section is based on the standard questionnaire of MICS designed by UNICEF. The role and importance of factors affecting exclusive feeding were determined by logistic regression and chi-square tests.

The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among infants (˂ 6 months) was 45.9%. The percentage of exclusive feeding was higher in girls compared to boys and it decreased with age (P=0.00). Mothers' employment outside the home is one of the effective factors in the discontinuation of exclusive feeding. In this study, the Husband's Occupation, parents' education, and socioeconomic status were not associated with exclusive breastfeeding (P>0.05).

We showed that the age and sex of the children and the occupation of the mothers have a significant effect on exclusive breastfeeding. Also, the national rate of exclusive breastfeeding has decreased compared to the previous studies. Thus, health policies should be aimed at raising the awareness of mothers and protecting employed mothers from breastfeeding.

The Ministry of Health and Medical Education for the first time drafted and communicated the National Nutrition and Food Security Document in order to implement targeted programs. This study aims to evaluate the provincial nutrition and food security document and outline strategies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of provincial document deployment at the organizational, inter-organizational and community level.

Documents received by the universities / colleges of medical sciences were classified for evaluation purposes. The studied dimentions consisted of the provincial document cut-off, the beneficiaries of the program, the establishment and implementation of the submitted documents. In the next step, self-declaration compliance assessment and scoring were performed.

Out of 28 provincial documents (90%), 60% were documented, 21% provincial data were not used, and desirable measures were taken to attract stakeholders. No effective measures were taken to evaluate the results as the most important pillar of the document. Among 255 projects anticipated, 7 were documented and 6 were approved, and only 4 projects were submitted to the researchers, and for 5 projects had written

Despite the relatively favorable performance in most of the documented and targeted areas of the document at the national level, assessments show that this trend has not been very successful at the provincial level. This study clearly shows policy makers' lack of support for nutrition programs and poorly evaluates nutrition support.

To accurately estimate the Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, it is necessary to convert the raw data to the incidence and fatality rate.The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and Fatality rate of Covid-19 in the world by countries and six regions of the World Health Organization (WHO). By reporting incidence and Fatality rate instead of morbidity and mortality, a more accurate and realistic understanding of the incidence and fatality due to Covid-19 is obtained, which allows comparisons between countries.

In this cross-sectional study, cumulative numbers of incidence and fatality due to Covid-19 for all countries of the world were extracted from the start of pandemic to august 2021. Sources included data published by the WHO, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The World Bank and United Nations websites were used to calculate world morbidity and mortality rates.

The total number of reported cases worldwide is 191,773,590. Iran ranks 13th in the world with 3,603,527 reported cases. However, the incidence of the disease is 24.6 per 1000 population in the world, 16.4 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and 42.9 in Iran. The incidence of the disease in Iran is 74% higher than the global average and 162% higher than in the MENA, respectively. However, Iran rank is 87th among all countries. The fatality rate due to COVID-19 calculated 2.4 % in Iran. The fatality rate in Iran is higher than world (2.15%) and five WHO regions (1.22-2.10%) except NENA region (3.26%). Iran in terms of fatality rate is ranked 67 in the world. However,the fatality rate has decreed from 5.4% in October 2020, which was ranked second in the world after Mexico.

From the beginning of the Covid-19 epidemic until August 1400, the incidence of the disease in Iran is higher than the global average and the four regions of South-east Asia, MENA,the western Pacific and Africa, but less than the Americas and Europe. In terms of fatality rate, Iran’s rate is higher than the global average and five regions of the WHO, and only less than the MENA region.

As a rising epidemic in developing countries, childhood obesity and overweight need particular attention.

The sample (n = 2432) was randomly selected among children aged 24–59 months living in West Azerbaijan Province whose information was recorded in SIB software. The survey questionnaire is derived from the Demographic and Health Survey and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey questionnaires designed by the WHO 2017 and UNICEF 2017, respectively.

The prevalence of obesity defined as BMIz (body mass index z‑score)> +2 was 1.4% among children. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was high in 59.3% of children, moderate in 36.1%, and low in 4.6%. Socio‑economic status (SES) of children families was high, moderate, and low in 34%, 28.9%, and 37.1% of families, respectively. Physical activity hours were over 3 in 85.9% of children. The girls were more likely to be obese than the boys (OR = 0.43, P = 0.016). Those with high and moderate DDS were less likely to be obese than those with low DDS (OR = 0.250 and OR = 0.180, respectively). The likelihood of obesity among children with high and moderate SES were 2.6 and 1.6 times more compared to children with low SES, respectively.

According to the results, DDS and physical activity levels are related to obesity in children aged 24–59 months. Therefore, establishing proper nutritional behavior and promoting a healthy lifestyle are essential for preventing obesity and non‑communicable diseases in this age group.

Background and Purpose:

Pica is a metabolic disorder characterized by frequently signs such as licking surfaces, lickling walls, licking body cover of other animals, feeding non-nutrients and lacking nutritional value such as soil, wool, hair, bone, walls, wood, plaster, bark, Stools, carcasses and urine of other animals. Pica has side effects like reduces growth rate, weakening body resistance to infections due to weakened immune system, dental damage, electrolyte imbalance, formation of trichobezoar in the reticulorumen and abomasum, occurrence of some toxicities such as lead poisoning, gastrointestinal impaction with foreign substances, esophageal perforation, intestinal obstruction, and botulism. Pica has been reported in human, calf, sheep, cattle, camel, pig, cat, mice and lamb. Precise etiology for Pica has not been reported even in humans, but it has been linked to deficiencies in phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and other minerals. Cyanoferin is one of the common drug in Iran's livestock industry and manufactured by Nasr Pharmaceutical Company (Fariman, Torbat Jam, Khorasan Razavi, Iran). Each milliliter of this drug contains 100 mg of dextran iron and 100 µg of cobalamine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intramuscular injection of cyanocobalamin-iron dextran (cyanoferin) on primary parameters of hemogram and serum minerals in 20-day-old with pica goat kids.

Based on previous studies, the appropriate sample size for the study was determined. Ten 20-day-old male and female mixed-breed goat kids with Pica and ten 20-day-old male and female mixed-breed goat kids without Pica were selected from Baseri goat farm in Ahovan area of Semnan, Iran. In this selection, detection of goat kids with Pica was performed by observing the goat kids in the sheepfold for 4 days, and the goat kids repeatedly showing the eating behavior of the sheepfold wall and licking the manger and surfaces, considered to with Pica. Then, under sterile conditions, 5 ml of blood was taken from each goat kids jagular vein and immediately 1 ml of this blood was poured into a sterile heparinized tube and the remaining 4 ml poured into a tube without anticoagulant. These samples were transferred to the laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Semnan University in the vicinity of ice for 2 hours, where their hemogram indices and serum mineral concentrations were measured immediately. The tests revealed that goat kids with Pica only suffer from iron deficiency and anemia. The without pica goat kids received isotonic saline treatment (a deep intramuscular injection, 3 ml) and the with pica goat kids received cyanoferin treatment (a deep intramuscular injection, 3 ml). Ten days after treatment, hemogram indices and serum mineral concentrations of all under experiment goat kids were measured. SPSS software version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test at 95% confidence level were used to investigate the differences between the groups.

In patients with Pica blood PCV, MCV and Hb and serum iron was less than nonpatients, significantly (p=0/001). Treatment with cyanoferin increased the blood PCV (p=0/002), MCV (p=0/001) and Hb (p=0/001) and serum iron levels (p=0/001), significantly and Pica was treated in patients. The most important consequence of iron deficiency in the body is anemia because more than half of the body's iron is found in hemoglobin and relatively lower amounts are found in myoglobin and the enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism. Ruminant infants, such as calves, lambs and goat kids require large amounts of iron to build components such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and enzymes involved in cellular respiration due to their high daily growth coefficient. Despite these infants' high need for iron, their mother milk is iron deficient. Thus, ruminant infants who fed only milk and have a low liver stock of iron are at high risk for iron deficiency anemia. In the of sheep and goats herds of the United States and Europe, lamb and goat kids IDA (iron deficiency anemia) is a very important serious phenomenon, so that in these countries, 24 hours after birth, by injecting a 300 mg of dextran iron into lambs and goats, They counteract with this phenomenon and prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency. It has been shown that this amount of dextran iron administration improves blood status and weight gain at times and in lambs and goat kids.

The present study showed that iron deficiency anemia is related with Pica in 20-day-old goat kids and this pica was treated with an intramuscular injection of 3 ml of cyanoferin (300 mg of dextran iron plus 300 µg of cobalamin). It is recommended to evaluate the effect of oral and parenteral iron supplementation on parameters such as appetite, feed intake, weight gain, growth rate, immune status and lymphocyte defense in goat kids.

The objective of the current study was to investigate associations between food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) and eating behaviors of elementary school children in Tehran, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 803 students aged 10–12 years were participated from 44 primary schools in Tehran, Iran. A valid, reliable self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate participants’ food and nutrition literacy. A research-made questionnaire was used to assess eating behaviors of the students. Furthermore, the multinomial adjusted odds ratios of food and nutrition literacy for eating behaviors were analyzed.

Food and nutrition literacy cognitive domain included understanding food and nutrition information and nutritional health knowledge. Food and nutrition literacy skill domain included functional, interactive, critical food and nutrition literacy, food choice and food label literacy. High levels of food and nutrition literacy scores in the cognitive domain were negatively associated to irregular breakfast intakes compared to everyday eating breakfast (1–2 times a week, OR = 0.32, CI = 0.17–0.60), irregular lunch intakes compared to everyday eating lunch (never/1–2 times a week, OR = 0.40, CI = 0.17–0.93; 3–6 times a week, OR = 0.45, CI = 0.25–0.80) and irregular dinner intakes compared to everyday eating dinner (never/1–2 times a week, OR = 0.32, CI = 0.17–0.68). High food and nutrition literacy scores in the cognitive domain were attributed to never eating sausage/hamburger (OR = 2.20, CI = 1.01–4.83) and eating salty snacks 3–4 times a week (OR = 2.58, CI = 1.09–6.13). The FNLIT scores in the skill domain were negatively associated to irregular breakfast intakes compared to everyday eating breakfast (3-6 times a week, OR = 0.33, CI = 0.13–0.78). Food and nutrition literacy scores in the skill domain were positively associated to never eating sweet snacks (OR = 4.19,
CI = 1.39–12.62).

The current manuscript highlights the necessity of continuous improvements in health education curriculum of schools in Iran, particularly highlighting the importance of greater attention needs to practical and skill-based lessons rather than theoretical lessens. Further studies with long-term follow-up plans are needed to understand associations between food and nutrition literacy and eating behaviors more comprehensively.

The 24-hour urine sodium (Na) test is the gold standard method for measuring salt intake in community studies. This study aimed to compare the results of a 24-hour urine Na test with those obtained from the salt taste sensitivity test (STST) in order to validate the STST as a possible substitute for the 24-hour urine Na test.

Both tests were simultaneously performed on 30 individuals. The results were compared using correlation models.

STST results in the tolerance threshold had a strong and positive correlation with the results of the 24-hour urine Na (r=0.93, P<0.001). In addition, the distance between the tolerance threshold and the recognition threshold scores was strongly correlated with the results of 24-hour urine Na (r=0.830, P<0.001). Finally, there was no significant correlation between recognition threshold scores and 24-hour urine Na (r=0.087, P=0.64).

In general, the STST showed a promising potential to be replaced with the 24-hour urine Na test in community studies.

Inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) may increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. To prevent these risks, determining optimal weight gain is a priority in prenatal care. The objective of this study was to determine the GWG of women referring to health centers for their prenatal care visits in Tehran in 2016.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran. The study population included all pregnant women receiving prenatal care visits from April 2016 to March 2017 in 12 health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti and Iran Universities of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was census and a total of 232 people were surveyed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using statistics of frequency, mean and standard deviation. To investigate the relationship between variables, correlation method was used by using Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean (SD) of age of women was 28.6 (5.4) with a range of 18 to 40 years. According to the pre-pregnancy body mass index, among 220 pregnant women, 6 (2.7%) were underweight, 112 (50.9%) were normal, 78 (35.4%) were overweight, and 24 (11%) people were obese. The mean (SD) of GWG was 11.7 (4.3) kilograms and among 177 pregnant women, 76 (42.9%) had GWG within, 55 (31.1%) had GWG below and 46 (26) had GWG above guidelines.

The prevalence of GWG above guidelines was higher in overweight and obese women than underweight and normal women in this study. Therefore, achieving the appropriate weight before pregnancy and close monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy is recommended.

Transfer of immunoglobulin from mother to baby through placenta or colostrum is called passive transfer (PT). The ruminant placenta is a syndesmochorial type and is a barrier against the transfer of maternal immunoglobulins from the blood to the infant. Therefore, in ruminants, the inability to transmit colostrum immunoglobulins is called Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT). This study aimed to determine the percentage of FPT in lambs and kids in Garmsar County and the effect of factors such as race, gender, mother's age, mother's parturition and type of livestock (lamb or kid) on FPT. This study was performed on 101 healthy 2-4 day-old lamb and kid in 10 herds of sheep and goats in Garmsar County. After examination, confirmation of clinical health, sex, age, race, birthday time, number of mothers, parturition, maternal age and newborn weight, 3 ml of sterile blood was obtained from the jugular vein. These samples were immediately referred to the lab in without anticoagulant tube and adjacent to the ice. The biuret method and Zn-sulfate turbidity test were determined on the level of total protein and immunoglobulin G serum. The results of this study revealed 50/50% occurrence of FPT in the lambs and kids understudy, the relationship between race and sex with the incidence of FPT, and the lack of relation between maternal age, mother's parturition and type of livestock with the incidence of FPT.

Abomasal hypomotility plays an important role in pathogenesis of some abomasal disorders such as abomasal bloat which has the same serious side effects associated with using synthetic drugs for its treatment, such as diarrhea and antibiotic resistance. To decreasing these side effects, administration of herbal medicine is a good way.

To determine the effect of oral administration of turmeric aqueous extract on rate of abomasal emptying rate in neonatal lambs.

This study was conducted on twelve five-day-old Sangsari-female-lambs (average weight 3 kg). All lambs received five oral treatments, including saline (30 ml), erythromycin (400 mg), turmeric 200 mg/kg, turmeric 250 mg/kg, and turmeric 300 mg/kg, respectively. At 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes after each treatment, plasma samples of lambs were taken. The rate of abomasal emptying was determined with acetaminophen absorption test.

Treatment with erythromycin and three different doses of aqueous extract of turmeric (200, 250, 300 mg/kg) increased the rate of abomasal emptying in comparison to the negative control treatment, significantly (P<0.05). The stimulatory effect of erythromycin on abomasal emptying was higher than aquatic extract of turmeric, significantly (P<0.05). No clinical side effects were observed following the administration of erythromycin and turmeric in lambs.

This study showed that aqueous extract of turmeric has a stimulatory effect on lamb's abomasal emptying but more studies are needed on the effect of this plant’s components on abomasal emptying.

Pica is one of the disorders that has high potential for inducing various damages such as poisoning, digestive accumulation, botulism, weakening of the immune system, weight loss, etc. in ruminants farms and for years, the researcher has encountered this problem in lambs. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of Microvit supplementation and Ferrodrop oral drops on the primary parameters of homogram and serum minerals in 20-days-old healthy and with Pica lams. This clinical trial was performed on 10-headed 20-days-old lambs mixed-breed without Pica and 10-headed 20-day-old lambs mixed-breed with Pica. Both groups received 2 types of oral therapy including Microvit supplementation (7 days, 0/5 g / l of consuming water) and oral furuderap drops (4 days, 300 mg/day in consuming milk). Before starting treatment and after each treatment, blood and serum samples were taken from lambs and sent to the laboratory for determination of CBC and serum mineral elements. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software using repeated measures ANOVA at 95% confidence level. In patients with Pica blood Hb, MCV and MCHC and serum iron was less than nonpatients (p0/05), and Pica was not treated in patients (p>0/05). Treatment with furuderap increased the blood Hb, MCV and MCHC and serum iron levels, significantly and Pica was treated in patients (p

Abomasal hypomotility plays an important role in pathogenesis of some abomasal disorders such as abomasal bloat that there are same serious side effects associated with using synthetic drugs for its treatment, such as diarrhea and antibiotic resistance and for decreasing these side effects, administration of herbal medicine can be appropriate approach. Evaluating effect of Folus fruit aqueous extract on lamb,s abomasal emptying is goal of this study. This study was conducted on twelve five-day-olds Sangsari-female-lamb (average weight 4 kg). lambs received five oral treatments including salin (30ml), Eeythromycin (400 mg), Folus (700 mg/kg), Folus (750 mg/kg) and Folus (800 mg/kg), respectively Acetaminophen absorption test was used to evaluating the rate of abomasal emptying. After drawing relational model between plasma Acetaminophen concentration and time with regression method showed that treating with erythromycin and three different doses of aqueous extract of Folus fruit (700, 750, 800 mg/kg) increased the rate of abomasal emptying in comparison to the negative control, significantly (P<0.05). No clinical side effects were observed following the administration of erythromycin and Folus in lambs. This study showed that aqueous extract of Folus fruit has a stimulatory effect on lamb's abomasal emptying but more studies are needed on the effect of this plant components on abomasal emptying.

The average age of women with breast cancer in Iran is at least 10 years lower in comparison to developed countries and the incidence of the disease in Iranian women is on a rise. According to studies, diets that are diverse in food groups can play a role in protecting against chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Diet diversity score is an indicator used to measure diversity between and within food groups. This study aimed to assess the relationship between diet diversity score and breast cancer risk. This case-control study was carried out from April 2014 to February 2015 at Shohada Hospital in Tajrish, Tehran. Demographic and anthropometric data of 298 participants including 149 breast cancer cases and 149 apparently healthy women were collected. A valid food frequency questionnaire containing 168 food items was completed to assess usual dietary intake through face to face interviews. Energy was calculated using Nutritionist 4 software (First Databank Inc., Hearst Corp., San Bruno, CA, USA) and diet diversity score was calculated using five food group scoring. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were obtained using logistic regression test to evaluate the association between breast cancer risk and diet diversity score tertiles. There was no significant difference in weight, height, body mass index between the two groups, but physical activity level and daily energy intake showed a significant difference (P<0.001). After adjusting for the effect of confounding variables including energy, body mass index, physical activity, menopause status, family history of breast cancer, contraceptive use, number of pregnancy, age of menarche and smoking, the risk for developing breast cancer was 86% lower in those in the highest tertile of diet diversity score compared to those in the first tertile (OR=0.14, 95% CI=0.06-0.31). An inverse and significant association was found between breast cancer risk and diversity scores of fruits and milk groups (P<0.001). Higher diet diversity score is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer.

The growth, learning, and contribution to active life in the communities are better in well‑nourished children, and various factors influence infants’ feeding. In this study, we assessed whether household socioeconomic status (SES) affects infants’ length‑for‑age, weight‑for‑age (indicators of health and nutritional status) and breastfeeding (BF) (a necessity for optimal growth and health) status. In this cross‑sectional study, 150 households with infants of 1–1.5 years old were interviewed on these variables: family size, dwelling ownership, duration of BF, exclusive BF (EBF) for 6 months, parents’ age, parents’ ethnicity, birth order, delivery type, and parents’ education. Weight and length at 4 and 12 months were obtained from centers’ records. To determine SES, we assessed total years of parents’ education and household asset ownership by an index of nine owned assets. The average of 4‑month length in the low SES group was significantly lower than the two others (P < 0.05). In middle socioeconomic group, duration of BF was significantly higher (19.5 ± 7.3 months vs. 18.0 ± 8.0 months in low and 17.5 ± 7.9 months in high SES groups) (P < 0.05). Comparing illiterate mothers, university degree holders and university students were 73% less likely to not having EBF. Moreover, those with middle SES showed to be about 40% less likely to not having EBF. Nutritional status, duration of BF, and EBF might be determined by household SES and maternal education. Therefore, these findings can be used to decide how to focus on appropriate target groups in family education planning to improve children’s development to its most possible

One of the most important objectives of all countries is economic development and social welfare; to achieve this aim; it is necessary to have high GDP and it requires human capital and training of experts. To train specialized manpower, higher education plays an important role and it requires investment in higher education. The aim of this paper is to study government spending as an important element of investment and expenditure on education on higher education along faculty members of higher education institutions in Iran's GDP during 1994-2014. For this purpose, we used Vector Autoregressive Models (VAR), impulse response functions and variance analysis. Results reveal that government spending on higher education in credits of cost and credits in the capital asset acquisition has a significant positive effect on GDP. Further number of full-time faculty members amends Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Keywords: Government Expenditures on Higher Education, Credit Costs, Credit Capital Asset Acquisition, Gross Domestic Product(GDP) , Vector Autoregressive Models( VAR).

Pica refers to an abnormal appetite due to various nutrition causes that imposes heavy losses to the cattleculture industry every year. One outbreak of pica in the several marginal dairy farms of Varamin city made us to investigate and research about causes,treatment,control and prevention of this disorder. This Clinical trial was performed on 35 stricken and 30 healthy Holstein calves (30-50 days old). The calves were devided to groups include first control (30 calves without Pica), first Treatment (35 calves with Pica) , second control (the calves of first control group after treatment) and second treatment (the calves of first treatment group after treatment). Before and after the receiving treatment (2 dose of 500mg than iron drop with one week interval), blood samples were taken from every 65 calves and to determine the CBC and the levels of the blood mineral elements was sent to the laboratory. Datas were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, F test with the significant level of P

Aim and Based on existing scientific information Thymus vulgaris is a medical herb which has anti- inflammatory effects. Visceral pain is an unpleasant feeling, however its treatment with NSAIDs results in serious side effects such as gastric ulcer, blood dyscrasia and Renal failure. In order to decrease these side effects and the dosage of drugs, co-administration of synergistic herbal medicine with these drugs can be a solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the palliative interactive effect of hydroalcholic extract of Thymus vulgaris and Flunixinmeglumine on visceral pain.
Methods and Materials: This experimental study was performed on 40 N-MRI male mice (36±4g).Animals were randomly divided into five groups: Negative Control group treated with normal saline, Positive Control group treated with Flunixin (2 mg/kg) and treatment groups receiving Flunixin (1mg/kg), Thymus vulgaris(100mg/kg) and both Thymus(100mg/kg) plus Flunixin(1mg/kg). All these groups received drugs and hydroalcholic extracts via intraperitonial injection. The Mices were injected with acetic acid 0.6% (10ml/kg) for visceral pain induction, and 15 minutes after each intraperitoneal administration, palliative effects were recorded by counting the number of Writhing during 30 minutes. The data was analyzed by SPSS using One-Way ANOVA (Tukey) test. The significant value was shown with p Findings: The positive control group and treatment groups showed a significant reduction in pain response when compared to negative control group (p>0.001). Both Postive control and Thymus-Flunixin groups had a significant reduction in pain response in comparison with both Flunixin and Thymus groups (p0.001).
Co-administration of Thymus vulgaris and Flunixin results in synergistic analgesic effect.

Imbalanced diet, as it may cause micronutrient malnutrition has been known as a causal factor for several chronic diseases. Several studies in Iran have shown that some micro-nutrient deficiencies are prevalent and of high concern. Minerals such as calcium and iron can supply physical and mental health as well as survival, and growth development. In this study, Nutrient density analysis was used to display Iranian household's diet quality.
In this descriptive-analytical study, the diet quality of seven provinces, namely Eastern Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Tehran, Khorasan, Khouzestan, Sistan Balochestan and Fars was assessed in terms of calcium and iron. To do so, the data were obtained through national household food consumption survey conducted by National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, 2000-02, in Iran.
Generally, 80% of household's calcium density was less than the standard value and this rate was 40-70% for iron. Index of nutrition quality (INQ) for calcium and iron were respectively almost 1/2 and 1/3 of requirements in all provinces.
There were significant differences in calcium intake density between the rural and urban households however; there were no differences between the selective provinces and all over the country.

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the most common cancer among women and notably the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Overweight and obesity are two main risk factors which have been proven the creation of breast cancer after menopause. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric and body composition in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal breast cancer risk.
In this case-control study, 88 patients with breast cancer (n = 48 pre-menopausal and post-menopausal 41) and 86 controls (45 premenopausal and 41 postmenopausal) who were matched by age, studied respectively. The cases, women who were admitted to Shohada Hospital recently diagnosed with breast cancer and had not chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The controls of women who were admitted to the same hospital had no history of any type of cancer or hormonal disease. The subjects were studied anthropometric indices and body composition was also measured by tanita Body Composition analyzer. For analysis the findings, chi-square and logistic regression was used.
In the study of case and control groups separately menopausal status, in pre-menopausal population, overweight women (BMI=24/91-29/9kg/m2) had lower odds ratio of developing breast cancer (OR=0/23 CI=0/84-0/06). In postmenopausal population with waist-to-hip ratio (0/80-0/84), WHR was significantly associated with breast cancer risk (OR=0/09 CI=0/60-0/02).
In this study, premenopausal overweight women had lower odds ratio of developing breast cancer. High WHR was associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in the world. Identifying the nutrients that modify the risk of the disease is one of the key strategies for improving the quality of life and reducing treatment costs. Epidemiological studies support the role of macronutrients and vitamins involved in one carbon metabolism in the etiology of the disease. This study aimed in investigation of the relationship between the intake of macronutrients and vitamins involved in one carbon metabolism with breast cancer risk.
This case-control hospital base study was conducted at Shohada Hospital, Tehran from April to February 2015. Demographic data, physical activity level and nutrients’ intake from diet and supplements were collected through interview from 151 cases and 154 controls. Dietary intake was assessed by a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Then intake of macronutrients and B vitamins was assessed by Nutritionist 4 software (First Databank Inc., CA, USA). Comparing categorical variables between the two groups was done by Chi-squared test and the relationship between intake of studied nutrients and risk of breast cancer was determined using logistic regression test.
There were no difference in age, menarche age, menopause age, body mass index (BMI), number of live births between two groups. But the difference in physical activity, energy intake, marital status, educational level, occupation, oral contraceptives use was significant (P The results showed that high intake of protein, fiber, vitamins B2, B6, B12 and folate are associated with lower risk of breast cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third cause of cancer death in the world and also in Iran. Recent studies in Iran show that colorectal cancer incidence has increased dramatically in the three recent decades. The current review was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and serum Visfatin levels on the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
PubMed, Google scholar, ISIwebofknowledge and Scopus were searched for studies published between 2000 till 2015. “NAMPT”, “Visfatin”, “PBEF”, “Rat”, “Conjugated linoleic acid” in combination with “Colorectal”, “Cancer”, “Neoplasm” and “malignant” were used as search terms. Clinical trials with high quality and review articles were collected.
Various studies show that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) prevents metastasis and progressive cancers especially colorectal cancer by different ways such as inducing apoptosis and aggregating of tumor suppressor proteins. It has been concluded that the serum Visfatin levels increase in different cancers and a positive correlation between serum Visfatin levels and metastasis has been shown.
It is suggested that reduction of serum Visfatin level as a key point in controlling cancer is a novel approach to prevent malignancy. For this purpose dietary CLA is suggested as a powerful factor to decrease serum Visfatin.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer affecting 1.23million individuals per and is the third most common cancer in males and the second in Females. In addition¡ it is the third most common cause of cancer-related death.In recent years Oxidative stress and Chronic inflammation are believed to be two of the risk factors of colorectal carcinogenesis that have an important role in colorectal cancer(CRC). Biological and epidemiological studies indicated that some factores such as diet an life style can prevent incidence of CRC.Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is one of the functional lipids and is known to have physiological benefits such as the prevention and attenuation of lifestyle-related Colorectal cancer.
PubMed¡ Google scholar¡ ISI webofknowledge and Scopus were searched for studies published between 2000 till 2015. “inflammatory”¡ “anti oxidant”¡ “Rat”¡ “Conjugated linoleic acid” in combination with “Colorectal”¡ “Cancer” were used as search terms. Clinical trials with high quality and review articles were collected.
it is suggested reduction of inflammatory factors level as a key point in controlling cancer is a novel approach to prevent malignancy. For this purpose dietary CLA is suggested as a powerful factor to decrease inflammatory factors and increase anti oxidant factors level.