فهرست مطالب morteza dosti

The laws of the Islamic Consultative Assembly regarding sports in the country's political environment are a matter that plays a role alongside today's coherent and structured executive institutions. The purpose of this research is a qualitative analyze of the sports related laws for the time span of 1978 to 2021. This was done by analyzing the concepts and terms in the text of the laws in order to infer and reveal their hidden patterns and themes. For this purpose, coding, diagram drawing and extraction of categories were done with MAXQDA 2020 software. The statistical population of the research, was the laws and legal rulings of the parliament during the time window, and the sample was considered equal to the population, that was 76 laws and 383 legal rulings. The results of the research showed 10 main categories including organization, public sports, training sports, championship sports, professional sports, legal development of sports affairs, development of sports culture, development of facilities and infrastructure, transfer of ownership and support of sports. These categories makes the structure of the Iran's sports development model that is drawn from the perspective of the laws of the parliament. It indicates that sports has a foot step in various dimensions of governance; in other words, legislation is suitable for realizing the exalted position of sports in terms of content. Legislations toward exaltation of sport  is partially neglected due to the inconsistency and insular attitude of the governing bodies, including regulatory and executive bodies which is caused by the conflict of interests of their internal stakeholders in the field of sports.

Global crises have made the development of the national economy a major problem. One way to achieve economic development is to improve the commercialization mechanisms of academic research. Given the importance and position of universities, scientific centers, and academic research in meeting the needs of society and moving towards the production of capital from the knowledge produced in these centers, it is necessary to introduce mechanisms appropriate to the structural, environmental, and human conditions of these centers to commercialize academic research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a roadmap for the commercialization of scientific research in the field of sports. The present study was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical method, and qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. The research population of the study included faculty members of physical education faculties, university entrepreneurs in the field of sports, university inventors in the field of sports, experts of the National Elite Foundation, and graduate students. The sampling method in this study was purposeful and available. In the first stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 people from the statistical population and after theoretical saturation, the interviews were stopped and in the Delphi stage, 11 people were selected as the research sample. Due to the fact that the goal of the researchers was to design a process model, the Delphi political technique (three stages) was used. Based on the findings of this study, the process model of commercialization of academic research in the field of sports included 20 steps. Analysis of commercialization models in the world shows that environmental, structural and human conditions play important roles in commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary that the proposed model be a native model and suitable for the environmental conditions of Iran to be used in the strict sense of the word at the level of research and scientific centers. Therefore, the model presented in this research is compatible with the environmental and indigenous conditions of Iran and can be used as a basis for the commercialization of research in research and academic centers.

The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the development solutions for entrepreneurial opportunities in sports at macro, middle, and micro levels. The research method is exploratory-sequential with an applied-developmental objective, which involved semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation and consensus in the qualitative section: 40 40 academic experts, entrepreneurs and managers of sports organizations through purposive theoretical sampling. In the quantitative section, 164 sports entrepreneurs and postgraduate students in sports management were selected through random sampling. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale to determine the variables and fit the model. Data analysis was performed using partial least squares with Smart PLS (3) statistical software. The mentioned model was identified at three macro levels: with 5 variables (economic, cultural, social, political, and legal), middle level with 8 variables (locational and regional, business environment, competitive, media, educational, support, management, and technological infrastructure), and micro level with 3 variables (individual, interpersonal, and behavioral-psychological). The relationships between these structures and the mentioned variables were found to be positive and significant (T ≥ 2.58) with a strong fit of the research model (GOF = 0.616). The emergence of any new phenomenon in society and the changes it can create in economic, social, and cultural structures require attention and investigation because without proper planning society may not be able to benefit from its advantages. Therefore, entrepreneurial opportunities and development strategies for those opportunities require planning and attention from those responsible for sports and entrepreneurship.

The aim of this study was to identify the entrepreneurial challenges with sport and recreational approach in Lorestan Province, Iran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory and mixed in terms of nature and method. In this research, two types of Delphi community were used to identify the challenges of sport entrepreneurship and the community to explore and categorize the final factors. In the Delphi group, 15 individuals were selected, using purposive snowball sampling and in the quantitative section based on Cochran sample size formula and simple cluster-random sampling method with proportional allocation, 328 individuals were selected as the sample of the study. After reviewing the literature related to the research and semi-structured interviews, the entrepreneurial challenges with sport and recreational approach were identified by the Delphi method in two rounds; finally, these challenges were categorized in the target population by distributing the questionnaire. The findings indicated that the challenges of sport entrepreneurship in Lorestan Province consisted of 10 factors and 107 items. These factors included educational factors (26 items), management factors (12 items), infrastructure factors (9 items), non-meritocratic factors (5 items), legal factors (7 items), economic factors (9 items), governmental factors (5 items), political factors (4 items), cultural factors (5 items), and media factors (2 items). The factors were listed in order of priority.

 Today, sport is considered one of the most important human welfare needs. Exercise and physical activity as a main strategy in helping the goals of body and soul health and increase the level of activity of the immune system and prevention of various diseases, and creating mental and physical security in sports, highlights the issue of athletes' health. (1). One of the most important of these sports is football. Football is not just a sport and its situation has been undergoing growing and expanding changes due to economic, social, cultural, health and even political influences (2). Has created constructive competition (3). Accidents on sports fields are an integral part of sports events. Sports activities, even with the implementation of all reasonable precautions, will have a level of risk, and in addition to all the benefits of sports programs, there is a possibility of sports injuries (4). For this reason, having a specialist physician who is aware of sports injuries during sports injuries is a requirement whenholding sports competitions. Also, this physician must have full access to the athlete's medical information in order to perform better (8). Electronic storage of athletes' medical information can improve the physician's treatment process and lead to manypotential benefits such as scientific research, statistical records of diagnostic and treatment methods, reporting, and time and cost savings (11).Weinstein et al. (2013) state in their research that when one of the players is injured, the treatment of injuries and disorders should be done by a doctor. The first step for the injured person is to diagnose and manage the injury by the doctor when the injury occurs. The second is the doctor's referral to the medical record and the initial treatment and transfer of the athlete to medical centers (12). Consonon et al. (2014) say that the importance of injury diagnosis is one of the essential factors for treatment and this is possible only with the presence of a physician at that time to prevent the destructive effects of injury. Time is the relationship between intermittent injuries and medical records (13). But Nordstrom (2014) is of the opinion that during the period of complete treatment and recovery, the primary care physician should be aware of the athlete's treatment process because it is possible to ignore some injuries and all this process should be recorded in the sports medicine file. (14). According to Peterson (2020), the assessment of sports injuries should be done by a sports medicine specialist. A high percentage of sports experts believe that having a sports doctor in stadiums and having a sports medicine file is a necessity for holding a match. It is a sport and shows the attention of sports officials to the health of players (15).In order to achieve the desired success, sports organizations must not only think about meeting the material needs of their athletes, but also prioritize their expectations about physical health after sporting events, and to meet such expectations as a necessity for Athletes' loyalty look. (16). Aman et al. (2018) in their research pointed out that doing sports, both at the amateur and professional levels, has a high risk of injury. They also showed that the probability of lower limb injuries in rugby and football is the highest. Has; Therefore, the presence of a physician at the time of the race is very important and vital to accelerate treatment (17). Gritch (2019) concluded in his research that amateur athletes strongly advocated the use of sports medical services to protect themselves from potential injuries (18); Also, other researchers such as Mirza Kooshaki et al. (2017) in their research entitled Developing Health Development Strategies with the Approach to Physical and Sports Activities concluded that public knowledge through the media, support for workplaces in sports, and encouraging physicians To prescribe sports activities, provide facilities to sports investors, observe sports standards of schools and universities, develop monitoring and counseling centers for citizens' health, employ sports experts in urban and rural health centers and houses, determine the role of each Government agencies in the field of sports, determining the share of sports from the financial credit of the health system transformation plan, urban design with a healthy city approach, preventing the orientation of sports management from financial credits, preventing the orientation of sports management of government agencies to championship and professional sports, The formation of the Deputy Minister of Health in the Ministry of Sports and the use of information and monitoring system were among the health development strategies with the approach of physical activity and sports (19).

 In the present study, the paradigm of qualitative research has been used. One of the reasons for the need for qualitative research is that qualitative methods can provide more detailed details of phenomena that are difficult to present in quantitative ways. مختلف Among the various qualitative methods, the network of themes method has been used. Answering the first and second research questions related to determining the indicators and effective factors on the health of football players with a sustainable development approach and explaining the relevant model and to achieve this research goal tried to use a qualitative research method of descriptive exploratory type. The present study is a qualitative descriptive-exploratory study. The sampling method is non-random, targeted and available. Data collection in 1399-1400 and the method of data collection was semi-structured interview. The statistical population is all experts of sports managers and health managers (physicians and medical staff) of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Semi-structured interviews with the question "What do you think are the health indicators of football players with a sustainable development approach?" The beginning and the rest of the questions were based on the answers of the interviewees. After interviewing 12 people in the field of physical education and sports medicine, the researcher felt that he had reached a theoretical similarity, but to be more sure, he continued the interviews up to 15 people, but what was said after 14 people was completely repetitive, and at the same time the interview And the basic themes are over.

 After reviewing the interviews and removing similar codes; 113 codes were collected, which indicates the position of the health of football players with a sustainable development approach. These concepts were presented under three general topics: basic, organizing and comprehensive. Some of these topics include the coordination of sports federations with the Health Organization, the establishment and expansion of sports medical centers, the use of medical and sports specialists in sports clubs, determining the role of each One of the parts of sports medicine in providing services, forming the deputy of health in the Ministry of Sports, using the information and monitoring community system in the field of health, health development strategies, creating health networks in all parts of the country's football sport, creating upstream documents such as plan Health transformation, creating a document for the prevention of non-communicable diseases at all levels of football players, establishing organizations in the field of sports health at all levels of football in the country.

 The fact that the country's sports authorities pay the necessary attention to the health of athletes is a necessity for sustainable development and this issue should create a close relationship between medical staff and athletes.

Sports as a modern phenomenon was noticed after the constitutional revolution, which indicates the efforts of the constitutionalists to manage the country's affairs optimally, including sports and physical education. Laws related to sports in the parliament are among the electronic documents and part of the historical sources of the first category, sports events were also extracted from the historical sources of the first and the second category of history. In this research, by analyzing the content of the laws, using the qualitative content analysis method, the concepts and terms in the text of the laws were analyzed by inferring and revealing their hidden patterns and themes. For this purpose, coding, drawing a diagram and extracting categories were done with MAXQDA2020 software; The statistical population of content analysis, laws and legal rulings related to the issue of physical education in the parliament during the period of 1320-1285 and the total number of the sample was considered equal to the population. The results showed that the two categories of development of educational sports and development of championship and club sports include legislative policies. Holding sports competitions, setting up sports clubs, forming a football forum, building sports facilities, forming a physical training association and establishing sports clubs were the sports events that happened approximately between the mentioned years. Therefore, based on the analysis of the legal content of sports and its time matching with important sports events, the development space of modern Iranian sports was chronicled in this period of time.

Today, the discussion about development of entrepreneurial opportunities is emphasized in all fields, including sports. Therefore, the purpose of this study was modeling to identifying factors affecting the development of sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research.

The research method was exploratory-sequential concerning strategy and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. Using purposeful sampling, semi-structured interviews was used to reach theoretical saturation and consensus in the qualitative section with 40 academic experts, sports entrepreneurs and sport manager. Then, 164 people were selected from these people, using the random sampling method in the quantitative part. The instruments included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale to determine these categories and model fit. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares method using variance-based statistical software Smart PLS 3.

The findings of the exploratory factor analysis showed that factors affecting the development of the sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research had 52 items in 8 factors of entrepreneurial business environment, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial research, entrepreneurial marketing, entrepreneurial educational and research infrastructure, individual factors and social networks, which factor loading, convergent validity by average variance extracted method and reliability for all of them was calculated above 0.70. Also, the model of identifying the factors affecting the development of sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research had a good fit and the mentioned model had a positive and significant effect on each of the eight mentioned factors (P<0.001).

The results indicated eight important and effective factors for developing sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research. Therefore, to improve sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research, can be provided conditions to improve and promote the entrepreneurial business environment, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial research, entrepreneurial marketing, entrepreneurial educational and research infrastructure, individual factors and social networks.

Tourism is developing rapidly as a major industry. Development of the tourism industry, especially, sports tourism, is concerned with many factors, one of which is infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize infrastructures related to sports tourism development in Mazandaran province.  

The research was based on a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population included sport management professors (n = 13), experts and heads of sports associations from Sport and Youth administration (n = 45), and the tourism experts in Mazandaran province (n = 37), who were 95 in total and were selected based on purposive sampling. The tool used to collect data was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face and content validities were approved by sport management professors (n = 15) and experts in tourism (n = 6). Its reliability was also obtained by Cronbach`s alpha and equaled to 0.86. The questionnaire was designed according to the 5-point Likert scale. After distributing the questionnaires to all participants, 83 of 95 questionnaires were returned as completed (n = 83). The factor analysis test was used for the rate of the importance of infrastructures related to sports tourism by inferential analysis.

Finding showed that in the field of infrastructure factors related to the development of sports tourism of Mazandaran province, the development of the infrastructure related to Internet and Information services (β= 0.91) has the primarily importance, while the use of international standards in the presence of sport tourism services (β= 0.62) has the least important.

It should be noted that the development of sports tourism will be possible when all infrastructure and facilitating factors that affect sports tourism are considered and appropriate approaches such as facilitating the optimal use of information and communication technology, active participation of employees at all stages of attracting tourists to providing services, creating standard facilities and equipment for sports, and reinforcing transportation system are adopted for developing sports tourism infrastructure.

Today, social interactions play an important role in the politics of countries. Sports are one of the peaceful tools for international affairs that countries can use to strengthen relationships around the world and historically use sports and its appeal as a way to advance political agendas. Therefore, the researcher decided to investigate the role of social functions of politics in sports and tourism in Iran. This research was conducted in the framework of a qualitative approach and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the research was experts in politics, sports and tourism, including 5 sports faculty members, 5 tourism faculty members, 7 political science faculty members, 5 people with executive work experience in the tourism and cultural heritage organization, and athletes with a history of participating in international competitions. The data collection method was a study of previous researches and an in-depth and open interview. To measure the reliability of the research, intra-subject agreement was used. The average intra-subject agreement was reported as 89%. Based on the findings of the semi-structured interview, the most important social functions of politics in sports and tourism in Iran were three components, including information systems, infrastructures, unity and solidarity. According to the results of the research, suggestions have been made for the development of social interactions and the promotion of sports and tourism events in Iran.

The aim of this study is to identify and rank entrepreneurial opportunities in sports tourism based on geographical capabilities and capacities in Iran. The present study was descriptive-survey and was performed by mixed method. Data collection in this study was done in two stages. In the first phase, a list of entrepreneurial opportunities of sports tourism was identified through a search of previous research, as well as interviews with 17 people. In the next step, experts' opinions on these statements were obtained using the Delphi method. Finally, eight subfields of entrepreneurial opportunities are ranked based on Iran's geographical capacity in four temperate and humid climates, hot and humid, cold and mountainous, hot and dry, using a software program and a multivariate regression test. Based on the results, it can be said that along with economic, political, cultural factors, etc., the diversity of climate and geographical capacities is effective in the emergence and selection of opportunities. By analyzing the data, we can say that each of these opportunities has been used with different levels in Iran's four climates. Some opportunities in one climate take precedence over others. Authorities of tourism and sport in their short-term and long-term planning and planning should be instrumental in improving sport tourism by these opportunities.

The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges of older sports and to present effective strategies for the elderly to enjoy sports. From the point of view of purpose, it was of practical and exploratory type. The statistical population in the present study included researchers and experts in the fields of sports science, psychology, sociology, sports veterans, physicians and nurses, as well as members of aging organizations in the country. Samples were purposefully selected for semi-structured interviews and the interviews continued until the stage of theoretical saturation, theoretical saturation was obtained after interviewing 25 people. Data analysis was performed based on qualitative method. The results show that 23 open codes for challenges were defined in the form of 3 sub-codes, which include: cultural and lifestyle barriers, environmental and facility barriers, individual and personality barriers. Also, 41 open codes for strategies were defined in the form of 5 sub-codes, which include: program measures, extension measures, motivational measures, legal measures, and infrastructure measures. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the challenges directly and indirectly reduce the participation of the elderly in sports, so it is suggested to pay attention to the principles and basic and structural measures in order to achieve the goals of senior sports. And encouraged the elderly with strategies such as: holding sports festivals, especially for the elderly, training, coaching and sports experts for the elderly, establishing sports centers for the elderly, diversifying sports services for the elderly to join sports participation

In general, studies in the field of entrepreneurship show the strategies of entrepreneurial activities mainly by focusing on the category of opportunity and competitive advantage. For this reason, the dominant thinking in the entrepreneurial literature is entrepreneurial opportunity and the essence of strategic entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial opportunities it show. investigating approach for the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities in a macro level.

The present study is a mixed method with semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation and consensus in the qualitative section: 40 academic experts in entrepreneurship and sports management participated with purposive theoretical sampling. In the quantitative section: 164 sports entrepreneurs and postgraduate students of sports management were selected by random sampling. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made interviews to determine the categories and model fit. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares method with the analysis of variance-based statistical software "Smart PLS (3).

The model at the macro level: with 5 categories (economic, social, legal, political and cultural), respectively, were identified and ranked and the relationship between categories with the macro level structure is positive and significant (T ≤ 2.58) and the model (GOF = 0.727) was evaluated as strong.

Based on the interview conducted in the qualitative section, strategies for developing entrepreneurial opportunities with a macro-level approach have been reported in five categories: economic, social, legal, political and cultural.

In recent years, awareness of sustainable tourism has increased around the world. Many tourism industries combine sport to attract more customers to facilitate economic development and promote local culture (Yang et al., 2020). Sports tourism is becoming a huge and independent industry in the world. Beaches and sea-related areas with various purposes such as swimming, boating, diving, and other water activities and recreation are the main attractions in many parts. These attractions can attract both groups of tourists with a general tendency to look for rest and recreation and special tourists looking for activities such as fishing, diving, and jet skiing (Sanaei, 2017: 80). However, research has shown that the mere presence of strong attractions (attractive factors) to participate in an event does not guarantee attendance at that event; deterrents can affect the presence of the event more strongly (Hematinezhad, 2017: 85). Therefore, the researcher decided to study the obstacles and barriers to the development of water-beach sports tourism.

The method of the present study is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and in the form of exploratory-consecutive mixed design. The statistical population of the research, in the qualitative field of professors in the field of sports science and tourism, experts in the field of tourism and cultural heritage, active tourism institutions and agencies, sports experts of the federation and water sports delegations and in the quantitative field of customers of Mazandaran coasts, Gilan, Hormozgan and Kish Island in the summer of 1396. the researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on the five-point Likert scale to collect information. The questionnaire was developed from two parts of demographic characteristics that included 8 questions, and the main part contained 31 questions and 4 variables. After that, to confirm the validity, the questionnaire was given to tourism and sports sciences professors. After confirming the validity, the questionnaire was distributed among beach customers. The number of samples according to the Morgan table in the statistical population was 384 people. (Hormozgan province and Kish island) was selected from the southern coast of the country. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among customers. Finally, 600 questionnaires were analyzed. A questionnaire was given to 10 professors of sports science and tourism professors who had at least one published article in sports tourism and related to the research topic and were experts in this field to assess the face and content validity of the research. For determining the internal reliability of the questions, Cronbach's alpha reliability technique was used. First, 50 questionnaires were distributed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89, based on which the questions had acceptable reliability to test the collected information. The normality of the data was checked to analyze the information for each of the factors affecting the tourism of water-beach sports using skewness and elongation. After ensuring this, the identification of indicators related to each element was an exploratory factor analysis method. The structural equation method was used through SPSS and Amos software To estimate the research model.  

The model fitting is suitable for extracting relationships between variables. All paths were statistically significant and had coefficients higher than 0.5. The factor burden of the components related to deterrents is the importance of the infrastructure dimension (1.07), socio-cultural dimension (1.00), economic dimension (1.00), and legal-political dimension (0.95), respectively. It can also be seen in Table (3) that all routes had a positive effect on inhibitory factors.

In examining the effect of items related to the deterrent factor in the development of water sports tourism, the results of the structural equation model showed that 4 variables with 31 items including 1) socio-cultural (6 items); 2) infrastructure (5 items); 3) Legislative and political (10 items); 4) Economical (6 items) that had an acceptable operating load, and items 7B, 8B, 9B, 13B, 15B in the Exploratory analysis agents with an operating load of less than 0.5 were eliminated. Among the variables of deterrents, the infrastructure dimension (1.07), socio-cultural dimension (1.00), economic dimension (1.00), and legal-political dimension (0.95) were more important, respectively.Socio-cultural barriers include destructive environmental effects for coastal areas, lack of attention to the passage of tourists' personal vehicles in the coastal zone, noise pollution due to the presence of tourists, lack of system Sewage from beachfront beaches, the lack of special places for women to enjoy water recreation, the lack of special family swimming areas and the creation of cultural problems caused by mixed swimming between men and women were mentioned. According to the research results, it is suggested that special places be considered for women to use water sports recreation. Also, serious violations should be dealt with the violators of the construction in the shores area, and monitoring should be done on the discharge of the sewage of the buildings around the sea to prevent the pollution of the seawater. For the well-being of tourists, special places should be considered for renting recreational and beach activities such as motorcycling, car riding, horse riding, cycling, etc. Findings of the study regarding the effect of the infrastructure component of deterrents in water sports tourism with the conclusions from Garavand et al. (2013) Lack of standard sports and recreational facilities, the most important obstacles of sports tourists. Veicy and Mehmandoost (2015) studies stated that underlying factors significantly affect the lack of tourism development in Iran. Mirzazadeh and Abdolmaleki (2016) stated that obstacles and problems of infrastructure and places have a significant role in developing sports tourism in Mashhad.  Sanaei (2017) concluded that infrastructural barriers are one of the most important obstacles to the development of water sports. Therefore, the dimension of infrastructure as one of the main elements of obstacles with the highest factor load (1.07) in water sports tourism has been studied in the present study.Among the issues raised in the legal-political factor is the lack of a law on dealing with offenders in swimming areas, the lack of transparency of the main custodian of the seashores in the law, the mistreatment of police officers by tourists, the mistreatment of lifeguards With tourists, mistreatment of local communities with tourists, problems such as traffic, inflation, and environmental pollution caused by overcrowding, lack of security and tranquility of tourists on the beaches, lack of motivation and inability of officials to attract He pointed out the effectiveness of beach tourism, the seasonality of tourism in some coastal areas of the country, the lack of support from officials for investors and sports tourism projects. Given that security, tranquility, and tourism are directly related, tourists are looking for a place to enjoy and relax and get away from the worries of everyday life. Therefore, it requires the relevant bodies to have the necessary coordination on tourism and security. It is recommended that beaches be privatized for a long period of at least 5 years or more.Among the issues raised in the economic factor can be the lack of sustainable employment in all seasons in coastal areas, high prices and false price increases due to the presence of tourists, high prices compared to the quality of services provided to tourists, high costs of some Beach recreation such as diving, fishing, etc., lack of funding for advertising, media, and virtual advertising to introduce the country's beach recreational attractions worldwide, lack of funding for local information to present water sports facilities in coastal areas Cited. It is suggested that by providing facilities such as tax incentives, low-interest loans, and land privatization for the construction of hotels and restaurants, water parks and shopping malls, and other service industries, a step towards job creation. , Economic prosperity, and control over inflation levels of host communities be removed. Also, the financial benefits of hosting sports competitions and festivals should be directed to the use of the host communities. Provide the ground for cooperation and entry of natives to invest in this field. Because when the mutual benefit of indigenous peoples and tourists is considered, and indigenous peoples consider themselves beneficiaries, they are expected to make more efforts in its sustainable development. Budgets should be considered for advertising and introducing water-beach sports attractions.

Global crises have transformed the development of the national economy into a major problem. One way to achieve economic development is to improve the commercialization mechanisms of academic research. Considering the significance and status of universities, academic and research centers in meeting the needs of society and moving towards the production of capital from the knowledge produced in these centers, it is necessary to introduce commensurate with the structural, environmental and human conditions of these centers for commercializing academic research. The present study seeks to provide commercialization strategies for academic research in the field of sport. The study employed an applied, descriptive-survey research method. It also a qualitative research and field-library in terms of data collection. The study was conducted in the framework of a qualitative approach by applying grounded theory (Glaser). In the present study, semi-structured interviewing technique was employed as data collection instrument whose data was analyzed using open, axial and theoretical coding. The statistical population of the study consisted of faculty members of physical education colleges, academic entrepreneurs, academic inventors in the field of sport, and faculty members of the National Elite Foundation. The sampling was conducted using theoretical sampling and purposive judgmental method and continued until theoretical saturation was reached which included 22 experts in total. Qualitative results revealed that commercialization strategies comprise 57 concepts, 10 categories (educational, research, human resources, managerial, marketing, personality, communication, policy, legal-regulatory, financial and hardware-software) and 6 dimensions (intra-organizational, individual, intra-organizational, legal, facility-equipment, economic). Senior academic and government executives should always be keen to use these strategies to commercialize and generate wealth for researchers and scientists.

The aim of this study was to identify the entrepreneurial challenges with sport and recreational approach in Lorestan Province, Iran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory and mixed in terms of nature and method. In this research, two types of Delphi community were used to identify the challenges of sport entrepreneurship and the community to explore and categorize the final factors. In the Delphi group, 15 individuals were selected, using purposive snowball sampling and in the quantitative section based on Cochran sample size formula and simple cluster-random sampling method with proportional allocation, 328 individuals were selected as the sample of the study. After reviewing the literature related to the research and semi-structured interviews, the entrepreneurial challenges with sport and recreational approach were identified by the Delphi method in two rounds; finally, these challenges were categorized in the target population by distributing the questionnaire. The findings indicated that the challenges of sport entrepreneurship in Lorestan Province consisted of 10 factors and 107 items. These factors included educational factors (26 items), management factors (12 items), infrastructure factors (9 items), non-meritocratic factors (5 items), legal factors (7 items), economic factors (9 items), governmental factors (5 items), political factors (4 items), cultural factors (5 items), and media factors (2 items). The factors were listed in order of priority.

Commercialization is one of the key steps in the process of economic and social development of societies making research and inventions of the marketable products. Today, the universities, and within them, the competence of the faculty members play an important role in the economic development and commercialization of the research works. Competence of the faculty members is also an important factor in the student success. Therefore, the lack of skills and competencies required by the faculty members can affect their performance and that of the students. Therefore, this work is conducted in order to identify the competencies of the faculty members in the commercialization of the research works. In order to achieve these competencies, a qualitative approach (grounded theory approach-Glaser method) and 19 semi-structured interviews are used. The results obtained show that the core competencies of the faculty members include 74 concepts, 11 categories, and 5 dimensions. Using the findings of this work, the rate of return on investment in the academic research will increase, and as a result, the private sector will be attracted to investing in this area.

The faculty members are now one of the key elements in the universities and higher education institutions. The future development of the universities depends on the competencies of the faculty members. Therefore, the aim of this work was to design a model of core competencies of the faculty members in the commercialization of academic research in the field of sports.

This work was a qualitative research work in the field of interpretive-constructive paradigm. In the present work, a semi-structured interview was used as a data collection tool. The statistical population of the work included the faculty members of the physical education colleges, academic entrepreneurs, academic inventors in the field of sports, and the faculty members who are members of the National Elite Foundation. The sampling was performed using the theoretical sampling and targeted judgment. Results The results obtained showed that the faculty members required communication, behavioral and technical personality, value, strategic, creative, professional, leadership, financial management, and market recognition competencies to commercialize.

The higher education system of any society, in order to fulfill its mission, must have qualified and capable professors and human resources in order to be able to show an effective performance in the educational and research processes. To this end, paying attention to the competencies developed in this research work and creating the ground for attracting, developing, guiding, and promoting professors based on these competencies can be very effective and efficient.

The purpose of this research is the political- legal pathology of the laws related to sports and physical education in the national consultative assembly in the second Pahlavi era based on the theories of the State of Law and good legislation In the modern world, community-based sports, elite-based sports, the development of sports as an industry, and the development of sports as a means of public education are four approaches in the Mulll et al. this model at four levels: educational, public and recreational, championship and professional Are classified. Therefore, this research with a critical qualitative approach examine the principle of Legislative formalities from the principles of good legislation, while analyzing the trend and orientation of legislative policies from the second Pahlavi era with emphasis on the main components of sports development in the modern world. The results showed that all sports laws adopted in the second Pahlavi era are bill-oriented, which, despite compliance with the Good Legislation (Legislative formalities (, is probably due to the challenge of separation of powers and indicates the absolute rule of the second Pahlavi in Legislative system. In addition, most of the legislative policies on the subject of sports are about the development of educational, public and recreational and championship sports, and little attention is paid to the development professional sports. This imbalance in the legislative policies of the sport has led to the backwardness of the Iranian sports industry.

Sustaining environment is one of the pillars of sustained development in sport. The purpose of the current study is to identify environmental and managerial factors affecting in equitation development. The design of research was descriptive-survey and the approach to its implementation was mixed-exploratory. The population in qualitative phase was 26 experts in equitation. Validity of the questionnaire was checked by a panel of 17 experts, exploratory factor analysis is yielded to be .87, and reliability is reported to be .92 via running Cronbach’s Alpha. SPSS 25 software was employed for the purpose of identifying the procedures affecting on equitation as well as analyzing the data via running exploratory factor analysis. The findings indicated that among 25 procedures which were given to the population in three form of managerial, environment, and somatic in Likert continuum, 5 factors such as outsourcing, private sector entry, tourism development, supporting internal breeders, and designing places by protecting environment in equitation were identified. Integrated management and giving value on horse tourism industry can be efficacious in environment protection through focusing on horse and economic growth development.

The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and opportunities facing Golestan province.

To identify the challenges and opportunities of equestrian sport, qualitative research methodology has been used to measure the importance and ranking of factors. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts in the horse riding board (17 people), horse riding instructor (300 people), horse owners (600 people), rabbits (60 people), horse breeders (1000 people) and spectators for each race (approximately 5000 people) Of these, 17 were distinguished, horse riding experts (4 people), horse riding coach (4people), horse owners (3 people), chefs (2 people), horse breeders and breeders (2 people) And spectators (2 people) who were active in Golestan province and were available. Semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. Inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and Friedman test was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a number of sports management professors and its reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.78).

The findings of the research showed that the focus of the challenge is the planning axis, and the most important axis in the Opportunity, advertising and media axis.

The development of equestrian sport, financial support for coding, marketing and information, and the use of modern equipment in horseback riding, has added to the flourishing of this sport in Golestan province.

One of the most important elements of life are physical activity and sport: these are the basis of health during life. In order for society to benefit from the advantages of physical activity and sport, it is necessary to know the factors influencing this phenomenon.

The purpose of this paper is to design a sport development model in the free trade-industrial zones of Iran.

The research was qualitative, and was done using the grounded theory approach and based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998). The geographic area of the research included seven free trade trade-industrial zones of Iran; the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Participants in the research were the sport authorities of Iran’s free zone, sport officers, officers of the Ministry of Sport and Youth of free zones, staff members of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and sports professors; interviews involved 22 informed persons.

The results of data coding showed that causal factors (individual, interpersonal, and structural) centrally affect sport development. Cultural, social, economic, political, technological, legal, and environmental factors were also selected as context and interventional factors. Development of management; development of space, equipment, and great sports events; cultural and social development; scientific and legal development; and development of financial resources were designated as strategies for the development of sport, which will also lead to economic, cultural, social, environmental, and political consequences.

Given the positive outcomes for the development of sport, it can be useful as an effective tool in achieving the major goals of Iran’s free trade-industrial zones.

This study content analysis of the sport Entrepreneurship researches in Iran.
The research method, Qualitative and based on content analysis with a descriptive-analytic approach to describe and evaluate target population. The number of population is equal to the sample included, 96 papers published in scientific journals and Sports entrepreneurship in Iran. That is up to the end of 2015.
The number of research is in the Journal of Sport Management from university of Tehran with 17 papers, have been published. In most papers, economic and sociological aspects of entrepreneurship are the main issue. The research models, in most studies (86.5%) quantitative methods have been used; Groups and national (26%) level of analysis is the dominant sport entrepreneurship research. And many studies on staffs, experts and executives Administration (Sports and Youth) provinces and cities, board, staff and sports federations (20%) have taken place. More research, cross-sectional data (85.5%) with the questionnaire (77%) and then use longitudinal data are less common. Also, 55% were nations surveyed. Further research by two or three authors (70.75%) were published and (43.5%) Research had at least one woman writer. From the perspective of the research, entrepreneurship research in Iran after since 2011 growth has been impressive.
Entrepreneurship research exercise not only should identify existing problems, limitations and past trends in the world of business and sports, entrepreneurship, but also should have future approaches to identify, discover and introduce sport entrepreneurship opportunities and at the result direct entrepreneurship toward innovation and value creation.

Nowadays, tourism activity is considered one of the most important and most dynamic experiences in the world. The purpose of the current research is to conduct an analysis of sports tourism attractions in Khorasan Razavi Province using SWOT and AHP Mix Models. This is a descriptive study and uses a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). The tool used for this research and in the qualitative phase was a Semi-structured interview and a self-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the research consisted of experts, managers and faculty members of the province. Twenty people form the statistical population were interviewed; through these interviews, the strengths, weaknesses as well as threats and opportunities were identified. In the quantitative phase of the AHP Method a researcher-made questionnaire was used for ranking the items identified.The result showed that one of the most important aspect in enhancing tourism in this province was the existence of Imam Reza Shrine in the city of Mashhad and the main culprit in making this province weak was poor privatization and lack of success in drawing private investors in sports tourism. Moreover, the most outstanding opportunity was deemed to be creation of employment for people and decreasing unemployment. Considering the results achieved, the province of Khorasan Razavi, despite its weaknesses and threats, possesses immense capabilities and opportunities in attracting more tourists; this can lead to more employment and higher income and less unemployment across the province. This of course cannont come to fruition unless the officials of the province help to create more jobs.

The purpose of this study was prioritize and effect of attractive fators of sport tourists to the Mazandaran province with emphasis on sport tourism marketing. This study was based on a descriptive-survey method and was a type of field study. The tool used to collect data was a researcher-made questionnaire which its reliability was obtained by Cronbach`s alpha 86%. The questionnaire was consisted of components (management & planning, socio-cultural, infrastructures, natural and historical attractions) that designed according to the Likert 5-point scale. The statistical population included sport management professors, experts and heads of sport associations from Physical Education administration and the tourism experts of the Mazandaran province, of which 95 individuals were selected randomly. For inferential analysis of data from the one-variable t test and the Friedman test was used at a significance level of ≥ α 0,05. The research findings showed that the average of attraction factors for infrastructures, natural and historical attractions, management & planning and socio-cultural was larger than average level(3). hence in respondents` view these factors were important in order of preference in terms of attracting tourists And the infrastructure factors was more important than other factors. Of course, the possibility for attracting sport tourists is achievable when all of these fundemental components are well considered And this is not possible without any change in the attitude of officials and all those who are involved in sport and tourism sector.