فهرست مطالب mostafa zarean

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital in predicting suicidal thoughts with regard to personality factors and family functions among students studying in Tabriz universities. The current study is a type of correlation studies using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the universities of Tabriz city. The selected sample consisted of 240 people from among the target statistical population, who were selected by available sampling method. The research data collection tools are: Big Five Personality Factors Questionnaire, Family Performance Measurement Scale and Psychological Capitals Questionnaire, Beck Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings of the research showed that personality factors both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of psychological capital have the ability to predict suicidal thoughts, but family functioning could only directly predict suicidal thoughts. Therefore, suicidal thoughts are affected by personality factors and family functioning. Based on this, the final research model had a good fit. This finding can be used to design an intervention and a comprehensive approach to reduce psychological and self-injurious injuries in the student community.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuropsychological functions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder of hoarding and Obsessional Slowness.
 Methods and Materials: 

The present research was based on the nature and purpose of fundamental-applied research, and in terms of research method, it was comparative-analytical. The statistical population of this research included all patients with hoarding obsessive-compulsive disorder and Obsessional Slowness in Urmia city between April and December 2023. The statistical sample of the research includes 30 patients with hoarding obsessive-compulsive disorder and Obsessional Slowness (15 people for each group of patients) referring to psychiatric and psychological treatment centers in Urmia city and 15 healthy people without diagnosis of the obsessive-compulsive, which was selected by cluster sampling method. Subjects were evaluated using the revised Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire, Wisconsin Test, Go/No Go Test, Barrett's Balloon Risk Test, and Tower of London Test.

Findings: 

The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that people with Hoarding Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Obsessional Slowness have significant differences in neuropsychological evaluations in terms of response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, planning and problem solving with the healthy group.

These results indicate a deficiency in response inhibition, cognitive flexibility  and problem solving in these patients. While the pattern of neuropsychological disorders in these two disorders is different.

Although pregnancy is the most critical and cheerful experience in women's lives, hormone changes affect their physical and mental health. Meanwhile, the psychological distress of pregnant women is an expression of emotional suffering that is explained by the symptoms of depression and anxiety, and mindfulness in the sense of an open, non-judgmental attitude and paying full attention to the present moment can help a person adapt to difficult conditions. So, the challenging nature of these problems would be considered a crucial public health concern. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effectiveness of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress and mindfulness in pregnant women.

This research clinical trial with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group was conducted from February to March 2023. Fifty pregnant women referred to Urmia's health centers were selected by available sampling and randomly allocated to two groups (25 control and 25 intervention). The intervention group received eight online individual psychotherapy sessions from March to June 2023 and was followed up again in July 2023. Kessler's standard psychological distress, Brown and Bryan's mindfulness questionnaires, and demographic data were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using a statistical variance analysis method with repeated measurements and SPSS version 22 software.

The results indicate that the intervention group's mean psychological distress and mindfulness at the beginning of the study was 25.84 and 51.60, and it changed to 23.76 and 61.16 at the end of the study. At the same time, there was no significant change in the control group. So, web-based acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in the psychological distress and mindfulness of patients (P<0.05).

Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy increases psychological flexibility in people and creates an atmosphere for them to let the challenges go to control their unpleasant thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and emotions. They chose to take a step to achieve their goals and values for life. Therefore, Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy led to a decrease in psychological distress and an increase in mindfulness in pregnant women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Dating Violence Questionnaire. In this descriptive-analytical study, 240 students (171 females and 69 males) of Tabriz University were selected by convenience sampling method and completed Dating Violence Questionnaire (DVQ+), Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS). Data were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient and investigating construct validity and criterion validity of questionnaire in Spss-24 and Amos-24 software. The results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 8-factor model of this questionnaire (with slight changes). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.94, and for the factors ranged from 0.86 (Humiliation in public) to 0.93 (Humiliation). Also, the criterion validity of the questionnaire was evaluated favorably by correlating it with the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (r=0.20; p<0.01) and Relationship Assessment Scale (r=-0.46; p<0.01), and its construct validity was confirmed by using convergent and divergent validity. According to the obtained results, it can be said that the DVQ+ has desirable psychometric properties and good adaptation in Iranian society. Therefore, this questionnaire can be used for research and clinical purposes in the dating and sexual violence research area.

Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CaCBT) is a newly introduced treatment for emotional disorders applied to enhance Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive (CBT) efficiency in non-Western cultures. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of CaCBT on the symptoms of emotional disorder in Iranian population. The present study was applied in terms of purpose, experimental in terms of data collection and single-case in research design. The statistical population was all students of the University of Tabriz in the year 2018-2019. The depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-42) were implemented on 335 students who enrolled in the study through the multilevel clustering method. Of them, 4 students were selected for the main intervention based on their higher scores in DASS-42. Then, the 8-session CaCBT (Naeem et al., 2015) was administered to both students and their families by two independent therapists. To assess the severity of symptoms, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used. The results indicated that CaCBT effectively and significantly changed the symptoms of emotional disorders (e.g. depression and anxiety), and the follow up scores were optimal. The effect sizes for all 4 participants were at least moderate (0.52). It was articulated that appropriate therapeutic protocols for the Iranian population could be developed and applied through changing or adapting traditional psychotherapies based on cultural and contextual components. Clinical and applied considerations of the CaCBT are discussed.

Academic burnout is a substantial barrier that impedes students from developing their capabilities and talents in the academic setting. Numerous factors can contribute to the formation and persistence of academic burnout; one of them is perfectionism. It is noteworthy that perfectionism itself has adaptive and maladaptive dimensions. These dimensions seem to have different correlations with academic burnout, both directly and indirectly. One of the potential mediating factors in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout may be academic procrastination. The present investigation examined the mediating role of academic procrastination in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout.

The present study is methodologically descriptive-correlational. Furthermore, it is a fundamental study based on the purposes. A final sample of 375 students was selected from the University of Tabriz. Research instruments included the Revised Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R), Academic Procrastination Scale-Students (PASS), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Besides, descriptive and inferential statistics (SEM structural equation modeling) were used to analyze the data.

The findings of this study showed that adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism could predict the changes in academic burnout through the mediation role of academic procrastination. In a way, maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism had respectively positive and negative indirect relationships with academic burnout through academic procrastination. However, there is a smaller correlation between adaptive perfectionism and academic burnout than maladaptive perfectionism.

The present study results can have practical implications in treating and improving burnout in students.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders among men and women, which is associated with cognitive, emotional, behavioral and physiologic symptoms. This disorder is relatively chronic and a significant percentage of people who suffer from this disorder experience frequent recurrence. Research about the impact of lifestyle on both the physical and mental illnesses, particularly chronic illnesses, has been considered in the contemporary age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle training on cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms in people who suffer from major depression. In order to this, an experimental and single case study with multiple baselines with three patients with major depressive disorder who were selected by using purposive method was implemented. The sample of study was chosen from people with major depression who refer to the counseling and psychological services centers in Tehran. Visuals inspection, improvement percentage and effect size showed that lifestyle training is clinically efficient on the reduction of cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms in people who suffer from depression. Lifestyle training has appropriate efficacy in the reduction of cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms.

The study of factors affecting anxiety and depression as the most common emotional disorders has always been at the forefront of psychological research. Among different factors, alexithymia and somatization have considerable importance due to their emotional nature with makes them more integrated with anxiety and depression. Several studies have demonstrated a link between these four concepts, but as far as we know, the quality of the relationship has not been addressed yet. The present paper aims to investigate the mediating role of somatization in the structural relationship of alexithymia with anxiety and depression.

A total of 334 college students were recruited through cluster sampling and were asked to complete the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Somatization Subscale from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correlational as well as structural equation modeling.

Based on the correlation analysis, there was significant relationship between alexithymia, somatization, anxiety, and depression. According to the results of regression weights, there is a moderate relationship between alexithymia and somatization (regression weight = 0.44). The relationship between somatization and depression is at moderate level (regression weight = 0.42) and the relationship of somatization with anxiety is at strong level (regression weight = 0.85). the goodness of fit indices for the hypothetical model showed significant coefficients at P < 0.05 (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.059).

Findings indicated the important and influential role of somatization in explaining the relationship of alexithymia with anxiety and depression. Therefore, it seems that emotional components such as difficulty in identifying and expressing emotions as well as regulating mood states are important in the psychopathology of emotional disorders.

Personality components alongside with other psychological characteristics such as risk perception, anxiety sensitivity, and metacognitive belifs are considered as the most important and effective factors to pandemic. Neuroticism and extraversion have attracted more attention of the researchers, however, the mediatory role of psychological constructs in corona pandemic have been less investigated.

The present study is aimed at investigating the mediatory role of risk perception and anxiety sensitivity in the structural relations of neuroticism and extravertion with the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona virus.

This study had a descriptive correlational design. The population of the study was all Iranian community individuals who lived in the country within he first 6-month of the 2020 year. A sample of 649 participants enrolled to the study through purposeful sampling. To collect the data, the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona virus questionnaire (authors’ designed), along with anxiety sensitivity index (Reiss, Peterson, Gursky, & McNally, 1986), big five personality (Donnellan, Oswald, Baird, & Lucas, 2006), and risk perception (Benthin, Slovic, & Severson, 1993) scales were used.

The evaluation of the hypothesized model using goodness-of-fit indices indicated that our proposed model fits with the measured model (CFI=0/96, NFI=0/94, and RMSEA=0/054). Statistical analyses revealed that risk perception and anxiety sensitivity could play mediating role in the structural relations of neuroticism and extravertion with the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona with standard coefficients of -0/052 and 0/161 (p < 0/05). Also, neuroticism has significant effect on the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona with the mediation of risk perception with standard coefficient of 0/100 (p < 0/05).

It assumed that the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona virus is effected by some psychological factors through direct and indirect ways and their inclusion in the comprehensive plans of health system is preferred

Considering the extent of developmental-behavioral problems, existing questionnaires assess the limited aspects of these problems. Developmental -Behavioral Problem Questionnaire (FTF) is more comprehensive than other tools and made with a comprehensive look at these problems. The purpose of this study was to validate this questionnaire in Iranian society. The present study is descriptive. A sample of 700 individuals was selected through cluster sampling from Tehran, East Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Ahvaz and Kurdistan provinces, 55 subjects were excluded from the statistical analysis due to incomplete response to the questionnaires, in this way, the final sample was reduced to 645 mothers. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and LISREL. The present questionnaire consists of 18 dimensions. The reliability coefficients of the dimensions of the questionnaire are between 0/486 (defective in organizing) and up to 0/916 (academic skill deficiency). And also with regard to the fitting indicators reported, the six-factor model is considered to be the best-fit model. According to the findings of the present study, the developmental -Behavioral problems (FTF) questionnaire(FTF) in Iranian society as a tool for evaluating developmental-behavioral problems has a good validity. And can be used as a valid tool in clinical and research settings.

The process of standardization as well as cultural adaptation of verbal fluency tasks in Farsi language and Iranian culture shows diversity along with some content and methodological failoures. The present study is aimed at the investigation of Iranian researches on the structure and content of verbal fluency. In a systematic review, 35 studies enrolled to the project based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Resultes showed that there were atleast 6 different versions of verbal fluency tasks for Iranian population with their underlying pros and cons. The new version of verbal fluency task based on the data from Ghasemian-Shiervan et al (2018) is also been introduced as a standardized version with the highest appropriateness to the test production procedures. Given the important role of verbal fluency in not only the language capabilities, but also in the common cognitive functions, there was a need for a unique task for assessing verbal fluency in clinical and non-clinical populations along with effective comparisons for research and practice purposes, and the presented task could be a basis for future studies.

The present study aimed to inves-tigate the cultural dimensions of anxiety and depression in Azeri, Kurd, and Fars (Persian) ethnic groups in Iran. In a cross sectional qualitative design, 44 individuals with emo-tional problems participated in an in-depth interview including perceptions of emotional disorders, their causal factors, and help seeking behaviors. Data were analyzed using conven-tional content analysis. Primary findings repre-sented relative similarity between these three groups in the reported themes, which could be summarized in three main themes, namely negative emotionality, somatization, and mal-adaptive cognition. Perceived etiological factors for emotional disorders included more psycho-logical processes rather than social and environ-mental components. The extracted themes con-sisted of a heterogeneous set of psychological constructs, and provided further evidence to reiterate the importance of contextual variables such as culture and ethnicity in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of emotional disorders.

Anxiety is a complex phenomenon on which culture has a prominent influence. The present study aimed to investigate the cultural aspects of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in an Iranian population. A qualitative content analysis research was done to answer the study question. A total of 16 individuals with social anxiety disorder (six men and 10 women) were selected using purposeful sampling method (M = 24.43, SD = 4.56). The study was conducted in Tehran, Urmia, and Sanandaj- Iran. Participants were from different ethnic backgrounds (LOR, FARS, TURK, and KURD). Data were analyzed by thematic analysis using an inductive method. Analysis of participants’ records yielded five distinct categories with some subcategories, which are as follow: (1) anxiety experiences; (2) core beliefs; (3) reasons of being anxious; (4) effects of SAD on life aspects; and (5) coping strategies. It seems that symptoms of social anxiety and its underlying beliefs, causes and effects and coping strategies are almost experienced and interpreted in a way that could be the same as DSM-5 clinical presentation of social anxiety, with the exception that somatic symptoms are experienced by almost all participants.

Depression and Anxiety literature in Iran is short of cultural/indigenous studies, especially with regard to Azeri ethnic group. This study was carried out in order to identify depression and anxiety aspects in Azeri ethnic group. In a cross sectional qualitative design, 32 Azeri informants (14 patients, 13 lay people, and 5 professionals) recruited in the study using purposeful sampling method. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted and the collected data were analyzed through content analysis technique. Primary results indicated that 11 main theme categories exist in Azeri ethnic group: avoidance, dysfunction, arousality, disorganized personality, repetition, somatization, problematic behavior, maladaptive cognition, awareness, positive, and negative emotionality. Current evidence does not support the hypothesis of “Somatizing” depression and anxiety in Iranian cultural background, and perhaps other psychological processes are involved in somatic symptom report. Theoretical advantages and implications of the study in the framework of clinical and indigenous studies are discussed.

Depression and Anxiety literature in Iran is suffering from the lack of culture/indigenous studies in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of emotional disorders especially in Azeri ethnic zone, and still there is no comprehensive research on how Azeri speaking individuals percept and experience depression and anxiety. Current study is carried out in order to identify depression and anxiety dimensions in Azeri ethnic group with emphasis on dimensional classification of emotional disorders. In a cross sectional qualitative design, 32 informants from Azeri ethnicity (14 patients, 13 lay people, and 5 professionals) participated in the study from September 2013 till December 2014. Individual in-depth interviews had been conducted with regard to highlighted themes of explanations, reporting the experiences and perceptions of the participants from emotional disorders. Data were analyzed through content analysis technique. Primary results indicated that 11 main theme categories identified in Azeri ethnic group which are dimensional constructs related to emotional disorders: Avoidance, Dysfunction, Arousality, Disorganized Personality, Repetition, Somatization, Problematic Behavior, Maladaptive Cognition, Awareness, Positive, and Negative Emotionality. In the same line with related researches in the field, Somatization had the highest frequency of symptom report by participants. However, current evidences are not supporting the hypothesis of "Somatizing" depression and anxiety in non-western people including Iran, and perhaps other psychological processes are involved in somatic symptom report. Theoretical advantages and implications of the study in the framework of clinical and indigenous studies are discussed.

the Emotional Intelligence Scale (Beshart, 2007), Defense Style Questionnaire (Andrews, Singh, & Bond, 1993), and Addiction Acknowledgment Scale (Weed et al, 1992) were administered to a random selection of 296 Tehran university students. Findings demonstrated a negative relationship between total emotional intelligence scores, emotional perception subscale, and addiction acknow- ledgement. Controlling for emotional intelligence and its component effects, a significant relationship between ma- ture and immature defense mechanisms and addiction ac- knowledgment was negative and positive respectively. Con- trolling for defense mechanisms, there were negative rela- tionships between emotional intelligence, its emotional per- ception component, and addiction acknowledgment. It can be concluded that, emotional intelligence construct can be a strong mediator of the relationship between emotional charac- teristies and addition acknowledgment.

Regarding the importance of the role of emotional intelligence in the incidence of emotional disorders and mental health, this study was carried out to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and problem-solving styles with general health. In this cross-sectional, descriptive, and corelational study, Modified Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (MSEIS), Problem-Solving Styles (PSS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were assessed on 69 first-year psychology and educational sciences students of Tabriz�University in two steps. They were selected by a stratified cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and stepwise multiple regression statistical methods. Findings revealed that emotional intelligence was positively and significantly associated with general health and both the confidence and the approach styles of problem-solving (p<0.001) and negatively and significantly associated with both the helplessness and the avoidance styles of problem-solving (p<0.05). Results showed that the helplessness, confidence, and approach styles of problem-solving can respectively predict 24%, 8%, and 6% of general health variance (p<0.001). Also, the approach and confidence styles of problem-solving respectively predict 19% and 10% of the emotional intelligence variance (p<0.001). There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and problem-solving styles with the general health.