فهرست مطالب mozafar roustaei

 Chickpea is the third important pulse after bean and soybean in the world however, it is first in Iran because of its capability for dryland farming in the country. Climate change and abnormal global warming is one of the biggest challenges that all countries are facing today. This challenge has not only environmental, but also economic and social consequences, and has increased the risk of weather-related natural disasters, which have jeopardized livelihoods, food security, water  resources and health conditions. In this critical situation of water shortage, excessive consumption of products such as bread, meat, sugar and rice with low nutritional value and high water consumption needs, have made the problem more difficult. In this article, the cultivation pattern adapted to the dry and semi dry climate of Iran is discussed.

In this analytical-review article based on reliable scientific reports and the statistics of crop production and annual per capita consumption of agricultural products, the common pattern of cultivation by farmers and the common pattern of food consumption by the people of the country are reviewed and recommendations are made emphasizing on chickpea and a strategy is presented, finally.

The excessive consumption of low nutritional value and high water consuming products such as bread and short attention to valuable crops including chickpea, has caused that the suitable proportion of the cultivated area of crops has not been considered in the current cultivation pattern of dryland farming in Iran. People's participation through adopting dietary habits compatible with dry and semi dry climate and modifying the cultivation and consumption pattern based on it, is very necessary to maintain food security and improve the health of the society. For this purposes, it is required that the relevant ministries and organizations form a joint headquarter for execution of needed extension and education programs for adopting dietary habits compatible with the country conditions.

Conservation tillage practices and proper seeding depth of wheat for early emergence before the first effective rainfall are very important in dryland cold regions. An experiment was conducted during 2001-2004 cropping seasons at the Dryland Agricultural Research Station, located in the northwest of Iran. The main objective of this study was to find the optimal seeding depth for wheat production in dryland. The treatments were, three wheat genotypes (Azer 2, Ogosta/ Sefid and Fenkang15/Sefid) as the main plot and three seeding depth (2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 cm) as subplots in strip plot design with three replications. Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance method. When the F-test indicated statistical significance at the 1% level, means were compared by the Duncan, s new multiple range test. Results showed that increase in seeding depth decreased number of heads per square meter, kernel size, biomass and grain yield significantly. The highest grain yield was obtained at 4-6 cm seeding depth in Azer 2 with 2580 kgha-1. Genotypes differed significantly in grain yield. Fenkang15/Sefid with 2149 kgha-1 had the highest grain yield. The number of heads per m2 had the main effect on yield increase. The highest number of heads per m2 (338 head per square meter) belonged to 2-4 cm seeding depth .