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In spite of our general knowledge about psychological roots and defects of developmental processes in the formation of somatic symptoms, the effect of the interaction of developmental components with cognitive‑emotional variables is unclear. Previous researches suggest that individuals with insecure attachment may have a higher risk to experience of somatic symptoms. The main aim of this study is “Modeling the Relationship between Attachment Styles and Somatic Symptoms with the Mediating Role of Emotional Processing.”

This study was a descriptive‑correlational study. Two hundred and twenty individuals aged 18–59 years living in Tehran were selected by available sampling from the general population. Collins and Reed’s Adult Attachment Scale, Baker’s Emotional Processing Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire were used to collecting data. Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation and independent t‑test. The conceptual model presented in this study was tested with a path analysis approach.

Given the Chi‑squared size (² = 1.214; P > 0.05), it can be said that the proposed conceptual model fits well with the observed model. Besides, checking the other absolute and relative indices also shows a very good fit of the model.

Our results showed that when the reciprocal effects of attachment styles were controlled, secure attachment could be considered as a protective factor against deficits in emotional processing and somatization of negative emotions. On the other hand, we found that when the dominant attachment style in individuals was anxiety based, it could be possible that they experience deficiency in the processing of emotion and more severe somatic symptoms.

The goal of the present study was to investigate the prediction of severity of premenstrual syndrome based on traumatic life experiences and adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.

this was a descriptive-correlati the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) were used to gather data. Means standard deviations Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results indicated a significant relationship between premenstrual syndrome and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies so that catastrophizing predicted 37% of the variance of premenstrual syndrome. In addition there was a significant relationship between premenstrual syndrome and traumatic events so that threat to life/bizarre punishment/intense pain as a traumatic event predicted 34% of the variance of premenstrual syndrome. However no significant association was found between premenstrual syndrome and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

The results suggest that emotion regulation-based interventions and trainings can be useful in helping female student

The goal of the present study was to investigate adolescents’ tendency to engage in high-risk behaviors based on traumatic life experiences and adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. A descriptive/correlational design was used. The participants included 220 adolescents (154 girls and 66 boys) who were selected among high-school students in Shiraz, using a convenience sampling method. The Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC), the Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale (IARS), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ) were used collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. According to the results, among traumatic experiences, only emotional abuse (P<0. 001), and among maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, only rumination (P<0. 001) had a significant effect on high-risk behaviors. In addition, no significant relationship was found between adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and tendency to engage in high-risk behaviors. The results suggest that providing training on emotion regulation can help students select adaptive emotion regulation strategies in coping with high-risk situations.

In the recent decade, Iran encountered the explosion of using methamphetamine and its consequences, including sexual high-risk behaviors.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of methamphetamine use on sexual high- risk behaviors in methamphetamine user males seeking treatment in public and private addiction treatment centers in Tehran, Iran.
Patients and A qualitative content analysis approach was conducted using semi-structured interviews strategy and focus group discussion. The main focus of the questions was “Can you explain sexual experiences related to methamphetamine dependency?” Then the narrative responses and the statements of 35 participants including methamphetamine users, their partners, and physicians, who focused on addiction treatment and research, were analyzed.
Three main categories emerged from the analysis of interviews; each of these categories possessed a number of subcategories. These categories included “different attitudes towards sexual behaviors”, “compulsive sexual behaviors" and “health-related issues in sexual relationships.”
The methamphetamine use can predispose Iranian addicts to sexual high-risk behaviors. The methamphetamine users have multiple sexual partners; most of them do not use a condom, have sex with methamphetamine users, and have compulsive sexual behaviors.

Increased prevalent use of methamphetamine is a global public challenge. Information on drug use can be helpful in preventing high-risk behavior related to drug abuse..
This study aims to investigate the sexual function changes related to methamphetamine use in the male clients of public and private addiction treatment centers..
Patients and In this qualitative study, 45 men (35 methamphetamine users, 5 family members of the users, and 5 psychiatrists or physicians who were famous for treating or researching addiction) are involved. An in-depth interview was done with therapists and key individuals..
The results show that the effects of methamphetamine on sexual function are not identical. The first usage is concomitant with the increased duration of sex, an increase in the quality and quantity of sexual pleasure, a delighted orgasm, and feeling more control of the sex act. These effects gradually decrease. A decreased libido and various sexual dysfunctions such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and losing control during the sex act will appear over time..
There are differences in the libido and sexual functions of methamphetamine users. Personal perceptions of one’s sexual function may be affected by cognitive changes resultant from the drug. Drug-use prevention, addiction treatments, appropriate sexual behavior education, and harm reduction are priorities..

Student life is a very different and highly challenged course. Specially, the beginning of student life is often associated with enormous psychological pressure, such as isolation from family and living independently, finding part-time jobs and dealing with various mental problems. This study has aimed to construct and validate a national student life scale for drawing students' lives’ profile. In order to build the national Portrait of student life scale profile some international and national scales and questionnaire were examined and the scale with 95 questions was conducted on the population of 70 students. After screening the data and fixing errors,an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on a sample of 1,200 students, based on the theoretical models. The prepared questionnaire consists of seven main parts based on theory. Factor analysis was conducted for sections attitudes, satisfaction and concerns, emotions and high risk behaviors, and in each of the aforementioned sections respectively 3, 2, 2 and 5 factors were extracted which were congruent with the theoretical model. Totally it can be said that an early version of the national student life scale profile has had good psychometric properties and can be used in researches related to the students and young people.

The purpose of this study was to detect the role of early maladaptive schemas in a variety of domestic violence cases against women with an experience of violence. In this study, a correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 197 women living in Tehran, who had experienced various levels of violence. The instruments consisted of Young Schema Questionnaire-Short form (YSQ-SF) and the Conflict Tactic Scale-2 (CTS-2). The results showed a significant positive relationship between early maladaptive schemas domains and domestic violence (P<0.01). The results also revealed a significant difference in all domains of early maladaptive schemas between women who had experienced higher levels of violence and the women with lower levels of violence. High scores in early maladaptive schemas domains would have negative impact on women experiencing domestic violence.

The purpose of this study was to detect the role of early maladaptive schemas in a variety of domestic violence cases against women with an experience of violence.
In this study, a correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 197 women living in Tehran, who had experienced various levels of violence. The instruments consisted of Young Schema Questionnaire-Short form (YSQ-SF) and the Conflict Tactic Scale-2 (CTS-2).
The results showed a significant positive relationship between early maladaptive schemas domains and domestic violence (P High scores in early maladaptive schemas domains would have negative impact on women experiencing domestic violence.