فهرست مطالب mozhgan kaviani

latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI) are not detectable by a single-stage tuberculin test and maybe detected after repeating tests 7-21 days later. This phenomenon, called the boosting phenomenon, supports a two-stage test to identify false negatives in a single-stage test. The present study investigates the value of a two-stage tuberculin test in diabetic patients.

We performed a tuberculin test for 195 diabetic patients. The patients with induration > 10 mm were subjected to a second tuberculin test 7-21 days later.

Of 195 patients, 115 came for measuring the tuberculin test induration, which was positive in 3 out of 115 patients (2.61%). Of the remaining 112 patients, 53 patients were subjected to the second test, and 38 patients came back for measuring the induration, which became positive in 4 (10.52%) patients.

The increased LTBI rate from 2.61% to 10.52% following the second tuberculin test indicates a boosting phenomenon due to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Hence, patients with latent tuberculosis who had a false negative test in the first stage were identified.

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide. Diabetes has been suggested as an important risk factor for tuberculosis. To date, few studies have examined the association between diabetes and tuberculosis. In this study, the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in diabetic patients was investigated.

In this study, 195 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied in a cross-sectional study to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection with a tuberculin skin test. Individuals with symptoms of active tuberculosis were excluded from the study, and individuals with a positive tuberculin test were evaluated for active tuberculosis by chest x-ray. For analyzing the data, SPSS software version 16 was run, a t-test was used to analyze quantitative variables, and for qualitative variables, Chi-square was applied.  The significance level of 0.05 was considered for all the results.

Out of 195 diabetic patients, 115 patients were referred for tuberculin test results. 43 out of 115 patients (37.39%) had an induration diameter greater than or equal to 5 mm, 29 patients (25.21%) had an induration diameter greater than or equal to 8 mm, and 3 patients (2.61%) had an induration diameter greater than or equal to 10 mm (Positive tuberculin test) (p>0.05).

False tuberculin skin test results can hide the true prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection. The sensitivity of the tuberculin test decreases in immunocompromised patients and leads to limitations in assessing the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection. Although not enough information was available in this study to establish a significant association between diabetes and latent tuberculosis infection, further studies will help to investigate this association.

Diabetes is a chronic and worldwide common disease. This disease has many physical chronic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate chronic complications of type 2 diabetes in the patients hospitalized in Shohada Ashayer hospital because of lack of control of plasma glucose with oral drugs. This retrospective cross sectional study was carried out on the patients hospitalized because of lack of control of plasma glucose by oral drugs in 2009-2010. The required data were gathered using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and chi-square and Fisher''s exact test. P value <0. 05 was statistically regarded significant. Studied subjects were 299 patients، of them 177 were female. The mean age of the patients was 58. 6±14. 7 years. Cardiovascular diseases (41. 5%) and retinopathy (37. 4%) were the most frequent complications. There was a significant relation between retinopathy and nephropathy، and the duration of the disease. Considering the high prevalence of cardiovascular complications in the patients and the lack of a routine method for evaluation of these complications in the diabetic patients، designing a plan for periodic evaluation of these patients is suggested.

Self-care is considered as an important process in to control diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the self care and its influencing factors in diabetic patients in Khorramabad city.

In this cross-sectional study 80 patients with type 2 diabetes، a dmitted to hospitals diabetes clinic and urban health care centers and an endocrinologist''s office in Khorramabad، were selected using convenience sampling method. Data ghathering tool in this study was self-care scale Tubert – Glasgow which assessed the self care of their patients in different domains during the past seven days. Data were analysed by independent t- tests and one way ANOVA.

Self-care average scores in patients were (32. 7±12. 76) and the utility level was moderate. Low self-care behaviors were seen in daily check of blood glucose (3. 4±3. 8)، physical activity (4. 7±4. 2) and general care of the feet (4. 9±4. 9). The self care average scores based on litrecy، resident place، type of treatment and the patients'' life net was significantly different.

In order for health promotion and optimal control of disease in diabetic patients، training programs to empower patients in their self care should be considered.

Gastrointestinal Cancers are one of the most important causes of mortality of patients in the world as well as in our country. The North of Iran is in Asian belt of esophagus cancer in addition, in other areas of our country gastric cancer is the most common GI Cancer. Because GI Cancers are common in Lorestan, we decided to study them in patients undergo endoscopy and colonoscopy in Shahid Rahimi hospital. This descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out on patients from the city of Khorram Abad and its suburbs who underwent endoscopy and colonoscopy at Rahimi hospital since Sep 1996 to Sep 1999. Biopsy samples were taken from all patients and analyzed pathologically. The distributions of cancers were determined according to age, sex, type and site of cancer. Totally, 408 patients out of 3088 patients had GI cancer. The most common site of GI cancer was esophagus (52.93%). Gastric cancer had a lower frequency (37.3%) and colorectal cancer had the lowest frequency (9.57%). The frequency of all GI cancers in men was higher than women. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common esophageal cancer and adenocarcinoma was the most common type of cancer of stomach and colon. Cancers of esophagus, stomach and colon are the most frequent type of GI cancers in studied patients, respectively. Esophagus cancer had the highest frequency and colon cancer had the lowest frequency.