فهرست مطالب mubaraq damilare yussuf

The objective of the current study was to assess the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Carica papaya's hypoglycemic effects. Yeast glucose uptake, muscle glucose uptake, and glucose adsorption capacity were used to measure the extracts' in vitro hypoglycemic effects. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed by investigating how they affect lipid peroxidation brought on by iron (II) sulphate and sodium nitroprusside. The findings showed that glucose was absorbed by both the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Carica papaya, and that this adsorption significantly increased as the concentration of glucose rose. There were no variations in their adsorption capabilities that were statistically significant (p=0.05). The yeast cells were also stimulated to take up glucose by the plant extracts, and this stimulation was influenced by the sample and glucose content. In the study's muscle glucose uptake, the ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves showed substantially greater (p=0.05) performance than the methanolic of the same leaves with increasing concentration. The study's findings showed that the plant's methanolic extract was substantially more potent than its ethanolic (p=0.05). In addition, the methanolic extract considerably inhibited the generation of MDA (malondialdehyde) in the liver and brain homogenates more than the ethanolic extract did. Both plant extracts also exhibit dose-dependent inhibition of the various pro-oxidant agents (Iron (II) Sulphate and sodium nitroprusside) caused fatty acid oxidation tissues present in the brain and liver.

Diarrhea results in the disruption of intestinal architecture and marked decrease in the activity of intestinal brush border enzymes, including Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study was done to determine how well jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) based oral rehydration solution (ORS) can improve intestinal enzyme activity in diarrheagenic rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups; the control group (animal received distilled water and rat chow), Group A (animals were induced with diarrhea and left untreated), Group B (animal were induced with diarrhea and treated with World Health Organization Glucose Electrolyte Solution (WHO GES), while Group C (animal were induced diarrhea with jicama-based ORS (JB-ORS). Diarrhea was induced by feeding the animal with 5ml/100g body weight of 20% solution of D- mannitol daily. After treatment, the rats were sacrificed under ketamine anesthesia, dissected and their small intestines were removed, homogenized, and assayed for alkaline phosphatase enzyme. Jicama ORS increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (higher than WHO-ORS) and resulted in the normalization of body weights in rats following diarrhea induction. The results suggest that jicama could be used as food-based ORS to restore to normal metabolic activities in diarrheic condition.

[Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) is an organophosphate pesticide and insecticide used all over the world. Catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for degrading hydrogen peroxides present in organs or blood cells and tissue to prevent oxidative damage to these respected organs. The flavonoids (naringin and quercetin) and vitamin D and E have been found to reduce oxidative stress in the body. The study was carried out to detect the effect of specific lipophilic vitamins, naringin, and quercetin on catalase activity in the presence of a dichlorvos induced system. 112 male rats were divided into 14 groups of 8 rats each grouped as positive and negative control groups, dichlorvos only induced groups (2 groups), vitamins only induced groups (vitamin D and vitamin E), flavonoids only induced groups (quercetin and naringin), dichlorvos + vitamins administered groups (2 group each containing a different vitamin administration), and dichlorvos + flavonoids administered groups, baseline group and DMSO4 group. They were administered the dichlorvos for two weeks, and subsequent administration of vitamin D and E with naringin and quercetin respectively two weeks after. The animals were weighed every three days and were sacrificed immediately after administration, plasma and RBC along with the organs (liver and brain) were used to assess the effects of the vitamins and phytochemicals antioxidant capacity on catalase activity of the animals. Results showed that specific vitamin D, naringin, and quercetin were most important in their antioxidant capacity and helped improved catalase activity of initially treated dichlorvos group in some organs and compartments with the brain and red blood cells mostly benefitting from it with dichlorvos + vitamin D group, and vitamin D group having an SEM of 0.141±0.0044 and 0.150±0.00069, respectively, in the red blood cells. Meanwhile, the phytochemicals (naringin and quercetin) were more prominent in attenuating catalase activity in the brain with dichlorvos + naringin group and naringin group recording an SEM of 2.216±0.067 and 2.302±0.076, respectively, and dichlorvos + quercetin group and quercetin group recorded an SEM of 0.670±0.009 and 1.276±0.060, respectively. As a result, the fat-soluble vitamins, and phytochemicals reduced dichlorvos toxicity, but could not offer complete and absolute protection against the hydrogen peroxides and oxidative stress produced.