فهرست مطالب n. bagheri

About 30% of the annual losses of agricultural products are caused by pests, diseases, and weeds. Spraying is currently the most common method of their control. At present, various manual and tractor-mounted sprayers are used for spraying. Manual spraying has very low work efficiency and is damaging as the spray might be applied irregularly and consumed by the labor or the product at poisonous levels. Tractor-mounted sprayers are more efficient than manual sprayers and require less labor. However, their use is associated with issues such as compacting the soil or crushing the product. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sprayers have been used to spray farms and orchards. UAV spraying can increase the spraying efficiency by more than 60% and reduce the volume of spray used by 20-30%. Based on the capabilities of the UAV sprayer and the limitations of other current spraying methods, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the UAV sprayer in controlling Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and compare the results with a turbo liner sprayer.

In the present research, the UAV sprayer is studied as a new method of spraying to fight Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). The results were technically and economically evaluated and compared with the control group and that of the turbo liner sprayer (the conventional method of spraying canola in Iran). The experiment was triplicated with a completely randomized design and three treatments of UAV sprayer, turbo liner sprayer, and control (no spraying). Field tests were conducted on the canola crop at the stemming stage where at least 20% of the plants were infected. The measured parameters included drift, spraying quality, field capacity, field efficiency, energy consumption, and spraying efficiency.

Based on the results, the spray volume consumed by UAV and turbo liner sprayers was equal to 11.1 and 187.6 liters per hectare, respectively. The particle drift in spraying with UAV sprayer and turbo liner sprayer were 53.3% and 80%, respectively. Moreover, the quality coefficient of UAV and turbo liner sprayers were 1.15 and 1.21, respectively. Therefore, the farm efficiency of the UAV sprayer and turbo liner sprayer was equal to 51.4% and 32.3%, respectively. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, immediately after spraying, there was no statistically significant difference between the average density of pests of the three treatments. However, three, seven, and 14 days after spraying, there was a significant difference between the control treatment and the spraying treatments. The density of pests in the plots sprayed with UAV and turbo liner sprayers was lowered to less than 100 pests per stem, whereas in the control treatment, the density varied between 250-700 pests per stem. A comparison of the average efficiency of the UAV sprayer and turbo liner sprayer with the t-test showed that both sprayers had managed to control the population of pests and 14 days after the spraying, the efficiency of the UAV sprayer was higher than that of the turbo liner sprayer.

The spray volume consumed by the turbo liner sprayer was 17 times the UAV sprayer. The spray drift was about 34% more in spraying with the turbo liner sprayer than the UAV sprayer. The field efficiency of the UAV sprayer was 59.1% more than the turbo liner sprayer. The energy consumption per hectare of the turbo liner sprayer was 7 times the energy consumption of the UAV sprayer. UAV sprayer’s efficiency reached 92.7 % 14 days after spraying.UAV sprayer is recommended for controlling Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) due to its high efficiency, low drift, low spray volume and energy consumption, and superior spraying quality. To improve the performance of the UAV sprayer for controlling Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), a flight height of 1-1.5 meters from the top of the crop, a flight speed of less than 7 m s-1, and a maximum spraying speed of 4 m s-1 are recommended. Additionally, it is possible to prevent the spread of the pest in the stemming stage by spraying the field in an earlier stage.

This study looked at the frequency of HLA alleles and their genetic diversity in specific Iranian ethnic groups. This is important for the successful transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells.

In this descriptive study, HLA-DRB1 alleles were determined in low resolution level for donors using the PCR-SSP method. By using the HLA lab data and the stem cell donors’ information in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, the ethnic and HLA information from the Gilak (n = 510, 24.70%), Lur (n = 465, 22.53%), Kurd (n = 719, 34.84%), and Arab (n = 370, 17.93%) ethnicities were collected and analyzed. The relationship between alleles and ethnicity was examined, and a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between the frequency of alleles in the studied ethnic groups was evaluated using the chi-square test.

The low frequency allelic groups related to HLA-DRB1 were HLA-DRB1*09 (0.6%), HLA-DRB1*12 (0.8%), and HLA-DRB1*08 (1.6%). Allelic groups with higher frequency included HLA-DRB1*11 (22.7%), HLA-DRB1*03 (11.8%), HLA-DRB1*15 (11.7%), and HLA-DRB1*04 (11.1%). Among the allelic groups of HLA-DRB1, the frequency of 9 HLA-DRB1 allelic groups showed significant differences in the studied populations.

Conclusions  :

The frequency of several allelic groups showed significant differences among Iranian ethnicities. Identifying similarities and differences in the frequency of HLA alleles among Iranian ethnicities can help not only expand the pool of donors in registries but also assist in planning for providing of hematopoietic stem cell donors for patients from different Iranian ethnic groups.

Prolonged droughts and lack of water resources, followed by the salinity of water and soil resources, have faced many limitations in the production of some conventional agricultural and garden plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the country. Therefore, the introduction of new plants with high yield potential, which have suitable growth in saline soils, the threshold of their seed yield reduction is high, and the production product is of high quality has been considered in Iran. Quinoa with the scientific name Chenopodium quinoa Willd. It is an annual plant originating from Latin America, which, despite its high nutritional value, tolerates a wide range of abiotic stresses and can grow in marginal lands. For this reason, this experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of quinoa plant genotypes against different levels of salinity in the research field of the Gorgan Agricultural Meteorological Research Department.

Cultivation of seeds of nine genotypes Titicaca (control number), Giza1, RedCarina, Q18, Q21, Q22, Q26, Q29, and Q31 obtained from Karaj Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute in a factorial experiment based on a complete random block design. Plastic pots were made with a bed of sand and clay in a ratio of two to one on March 5, 2019. The application of NaCl salt solution treatments at the levels of zero, 10, 20, and 30 decisiemens/m started after the establishment of the plant and reached the six-leaf stage and lasted for 45 days. After salinity treatment, morphological traits including plant height, stem diameter, number of sub-branches, inflorescence length, inflorescence width, biomass, 1000 seed weight, and seed weight per plant were measured.

According to this study, with the increase in NaCl salinity level, there was a significant decrease in all traits. Different genotypes also had significant differences in most traits in each salinity treatment. The RedCarina and Q12 genotypes consistently exhibited poor performance across all salinity levels in the examined traits, whereas the Giza1 and Q21 genotypes demonstrated high performance in most traits, indicating sensitivity and tolerance, respectively. These two groups of genotypes consistently clustered together in both cluster analysis and biplot tests across different salinity levels. However, some genotypes displayed relative performance variations at different salinity levels. For instance, the Titicaca cultivar excelled at high salinity levels of 20 and 30 dS.m-1, while the Q29 and Q31 genotypes exhibited high performance and tolerance to salinity stress at low salinity levels of zero and 10 dS.m-1. Genotypes that had high yield potential at low salinity levels had the highest yield in vegetative traits at salinity levels of 20 and 30 decisiemens, but had the lowest values in reproductive traits, especially in seed weight. In Principal Component Analysis, reproductive traits explained the most changes in high salinity levels. Salinity stress caused a significant decrease in most of the traits of the quinoa plant. The response of genotypes to different salinity levels was different. In addition, the genotypes showed different performance even in different growth phases. The high performance in traits related to the vegetative phase and weak response in the reproductive phase show that the granulation stage in the quinoa plant can be introduced as a salinity-sensitive stage. These results also show the high diversity of quinoa plant genotypes in each of the different salinity levels.

Histocompatibility antigens (HLAs) have high genetic diversity and their frequency can be diverse in different ethnicities. Therefore, the determination of these antigens in different ethnicities can provide data used in the expansion of centers for the registration of stem cell donors.

In this descriptive study, donor DNA was extracted and qualified. Then, the allele groups of HLA-A were determined at low resolution level by PCR-SSP method. Ethnic and HLA information of Gilak (n= 150), Lor (n= 465), Kurdish (n = 719) and Arab (n = 370) were analyzed and the relationship between the allele and ethnicity was examined and a significant relationship between the frequencies of alleles in the studied ethnicities were evaluated by chisquare statistical method. In this study, a statistically significant level of 0.05 was considered. In order to determine in which of the ethnicities the frequency of the studied alleles was higher than the expected values under the assumption of independence, the standardized residual values were determined.

Allelic frequencies in the studied ethnic groups were obtained for HLA-A*23 and HLA-A*31, <3% . In allelic groups of HLA-A*25, HLA-A*34, HLA-A*36, HLA-A*43, HLA-A*66, HLA-A*69 and HLA-A*74, this frequency was less than 1 %. The frequency of rare HLA-A allelic groups, including HLA-A*34, HLA-A*69 and HLA-A*74, showed a significant difference in the ethnic groups (p-value less than 0.05).

Identifying the frequency of HLA alleles in different ethnicities can identify similarities and differences in allelic groups in those ethnicities.

Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is a major economic pest worldwide and damaging many crops. Microbial insecticides, botanical insecticides, and insect growth regulators (IGRs) are among the compounds used as biorational insecticides in integrated pest management programs. Due to the high dependence of this pest control on insecticides application, investigating effective and safe insecticides is an important research topic.

To evaluate the effectiveness of different insecticides to control this pest, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments in a cotton field in Golestan province. Treatments included indoxacarb, teflubenzuron+alpha cypermethrin, thiodicarb, cypermethrin, chlorfluazuron, lufenuron+emamctin benzoate, matrin and Bacillus thuringiensis. The control plot was treated with water. The plots were treated 7-10 days after the peak flight of the moths. Sampling was performed one day before and 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after treatment. At each sampling time, 10 plants were randomly selected for each replicate, and the number of live larvae was counted.

One day after treatment, the highest efficacy was recorded for thiodicarb (63.4%) and then for teflubenzuron+alpha cypermethrin, lufenuron+emamctin benzoate and indoxacarb with 58.1, 46.7 and 44.3%, respectively. After four days, when the mean larval population in all 10plants in the control treatment was still at the pre-treatment level, the effectiveness of these insecticides was 77.6, 81.2, 89.9, 79.8, 51.6, 83.3, 47.9, and 46.4%, respectively. Two weeks after the treatments, no larvae were observed in the plots sprayed with thiodicarb, cypermethrin, and lufenuron+emamctin benzoate, and their effectiveness in reducing the pest population was 100%. At the endpoint of the experiments, the efficacy of Bt, Matrin, chlorfluazuron, and Indoxacarb were 48.5, 55.5, 58.2, and 89.8%, respectively. The other four treatments (cypermethrin, lufenuron+emamctin, teflubenzuron+alpha cypermethrin, and thiodicarb) were completely (100%) affected the larvae population.

According to the standard classification of insecticides toxicity provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), the insecticides alpha cypermethrin, emamctin benzoate, indoxacarb, thiodicarb and cypermethrin are all classified as the group with moderate toxicity, lufenuron with low toxicity and teflubenzuron and chlorfluazuron were classified in the group without toxicity. The results demonstrated that two relatively safe insecticides, teflubenzuron+alpha-cypermethrin, and lufenuron+emamctin benzoate, are suitable alternatives to common insecticides, indoxacarb, and thiodicarb. Matrin, plant-derived insecticide, Bt, microbial insecticide, and chlorfluazuron, IGR insecticide, were relatively effective. Due to the adverse effects of using common chemical insecticides, two insecticides, teflubenzuron+alpha-cypermethrin, and lufenuron+emamctin benzoate, are recommended as alternatives concerning the relative safety and simultaneous use of chlorfluazuron with matrin/Bt as entirely safe options.

Programmable logic devices, such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays, are well-suited for implementing biologically-inspired visual processing algorithms and among those algorithms is HMAX model. This model mimics the feedforward path of object recognition in the visual cortex.

HMAX includes several layers and its most computation intensive stage could be the S1 layer which applies 64 2D Gabor filters with various scales and orientations on the input image. A Gabor filter is the product of a Gaussian window and a sinusoid function. Using the separability property in the Gabor filter in the 0° and 90° directions and assuming the isotropic filter in the 45° and 135° directions, a 2D Gabor filter converts to two more efficient 1D filters.

The current paper presents a novel hardware architecture for the S1 layer of the HMAX model, in which a 1D Gabor filter is utilized twice to create a 2D filter. Using the even or odd symmetry properties in the Gabor filter coefficients reduce the required number of multipliers by about 50%. The normalization value in every input image location is also calculated simultaneously. The implementation of this architecture on the Xilinx Virtex-6 family shows a 2.83ms delay for a 128×128 pixel input image that is a 1.86X-speedup relative to the last best implementation.

In this study, a hardware architecture is proposed to realize the S1 layer of the HMAX model. Using the property of separability and symmetry in filter coefficients saves significant resources, especially in DSP48 blocks.    The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

The process of guarantee of quality and evaluation of advancement of programs or effectiveness evaluation of progresses based on pre-set indicators is called ‘accreditation’. The accreditation program was run by Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI) as one of the twenty research institutes affiliated to Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) of Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad (MAJ) in Iran. This institute is involved in four fields of ‘Irrigation and Drainage’, ‘Food Engineering and Post-harvest’, ‘Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization’ and ‘Greenhouse’. Thus, five working groups including ‘Missions and Objectives’, ‘Human Resources’, ‘Research’, ‘Education and Extension’ and ‘Budget and Credit’ were established and the tables of objectives and indicators, evaluation criteria, measurement indices, and achievement criteria were determined; then, six specialized questionnaires relevant to each working group (one questionnaire for each factor and two questionnaires for ‘Education and Extension’ factor) at the national level for 2014-15 activity years of the institute were given to the respondents and institute. The collected data were analyzed based on the Likert scale. The results indicated that the situation of the AERI status was satisfactory in the ‘Human Resources’, ‘Research’ and ‘Education and Extension’ aspects and unsatisfactory in ‘Missions and Objectives’ and ‘Budget and Credits’ aspects; in addition, the overall assessment of the institute was relatively satisfactory. Therefore, by benefiting more from the intellectual, skilled and collaborative efforts of AERI's faculty members as well as the attention of higher authorities, it is likely to strengthen the institute's strengths and eliminate its weaknesses to achieve a higher quality level. This study may serve as a good model for the other research institutes.

Remote sensing and using satellite images have been widely considered due to the high speed of measurement and great area of coverage. Canola is a source of edible oil and its cultivation in Iran and the world is developing. Comparing with other crops, canola, because of its yellow flowers, has a different canopy color, and only a few researches have been carried out in order to assess the spectral indices for prediction of its yield. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to evaluate some spectral vegetation indices to estimate the yield of canola in different growth stages.

The study was performed in 2016-2017 in Karaj, Iran. Three canola farms were chosen for the evaluation of the relationship between yield and some vegetation indices derived from the Sentinel-2 sensor. The sensor data were processed in five stages: before flowering, early flowering, peak of flowering, green and dry maturity, and the vegetation indices were extracted for each of them. This research was pixel-based and the pixels network of each studied farm was determined by RTKGPS. During harvesting time, for measurement of grain yield, five samples, four from the corners and one from the center of the pixel, were taken and their average was considered as the representative amount of the pixel. Totally, 112 pixels from three studied farms were used to calibrate the predictive models. By using Simple Linear Regression (SLR) models, ten new and conventional vegetation indices were assessed. Also, Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR) models and Artificial Neural Net (ANN) models with four bands, three visible bands and NIR band, as inputs, were used to predict the canola yield. In order to validate the SLR and MLR models, the "K-Fold" method of cross-validation was used, and for the validation of ANN models, 15% of data were used; 70% for the train, 15% for validation, and 15% for the test.

Results and Discussion:

 The results showed that, on the basis of SLR models, among the growth stages, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) in each of the vegetation indices belonged to one of the two stages: the peak of flowering and green maturity. According to SLR models, among the vegetation indices in different stages, the NDYI in the peak of the flowering stage had the highest correlation with yield (R2 = 73%). Also, the RVI with 29%, BNDVI with 52%, NDVI with 56%, and GNDVI with 35% had the highest R2 in the before flowering, early flowering, peak of flowering, green and dry maturity stages, respectively. MLR models resulted to the best yield predictive model at the peak of flowering stage (R2 = 76% for the calibration and R2 = 73% and RMSE = 0.641 for the validation). For ANN models, the strongest model achieved at peak of flowering stage (R2 = 92% for the calibration (train) and R2 = 77% and RMSE = 0.612 for the validation (test)). It seems that the results are affected by yellow flowers of canola, and absorption of blue light by their petals. Therefore, in the peak of the flowering stage, the reflection of the blue light is more likely to belong to green leaves and stems. Therefore, any index such as NDYI, which the blue reflection is subtracted in its equation, represents better the number of flowers, and since the density of flowers is directly related to the yield, the yield will be predicted with more precision.

 Conclusions:

 The results of the analysis of the indices by SLR models showed that the correlation of each of the vegetation indices with the canola yield, in different stages of growth, has a considerable difference. Based on this model, the highest R2 in each of these indices happened in the peak of flowering or green maturity stage, and among these indices in different stages, the NDYI in the peak of the flowering stage had the highest R2. Finally, in both of the MLR and ANN models, with four bands, three visible bands and near-infrared band, as inputs, the best yield predictive model resulted in the peak of the flowering stage.

This research was undertaken to investigate the impact of Barkley’s Parent Training Program on the improvement of the mother-child relationship among anxious primary school students in Farsan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest control group design. The instruments included the Spence Childrenchr('39')s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) (1997) and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) (Pianta, 1992) (with three subscales of proximity, dependency and conflict). First, SCAS was administered to screen primary school students in Farsan in 2016-17 school year for anxiety. In the next step, multi-stage random sampling method was utilized to select 30 individuals. These students were assigned to an experimental (N=15) and a control group (N=15). Before administering the intervention and training mothers, the subjects of both groups took the Child-Parent Relationship Scale as pretest. Then, the experimental group received Barkley’s Parent Training Program for 10 sessions, whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. After training mothers, the CPRS was administered to both experimental and control groups as posttest. The results of MANCOVA indicated that Barkley’s Parent Training Program improved the parent-child relationship (F= 28.27; P=0.000). The findings revealed that this program had a positive effect on all three subscales of proximity, dependence, and conflict and it resulted in their improvement.

There is a high incidence of distressing psychological symptoms including anxiety in pregnancy. Pregnant mothers should benefit from strategies to deal with pregnancyrelated anxiety and interpersonal and family physical adjustments. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of intolerance of ambiguity in the relationship between coping strategies with pregnancy anxiety.

The study method was a causal-comparative research and the statistical population of the present study consisted of pregnant women who were referred to health centers of Social Security Organization of Tehran province in the fourth quarter of 2017 and the first quarter of 2018 and the sample size was 384 according to the Cramer formula which was selected by multistage sampling. The study tools were Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (Van den Bergh, 1989) and Coping Styles Questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1980). To analyze the data oneway analysis of variance was used.

In the present study the F scores of the marital relationship (F(1 & 175)=28.84, P≤0.01); fear of giving birth to a child with physical or mental health issues (F(1 & 175)=13.30, P≤0.01); fear of childbirth (F(1 & 175)=37.44, P≤0.01); fear of changes (F(1 & 175)=14.24, P≤0.01) and fear of the changes in personal life (F(1 & 175)=26.10, P≤0.01) were obtained at the significant level of 0.01.

The greater use of the problem-focused coping style in pregnant women, the same amount of concern about unpredictable future situations in these women is reduced and eventually less anxiety is experienced.

Sustainable agricultural development and national food security while preserving the health and the quality of crops depend on the development of knowledge-based agriculture. To advance knowledge-based agriculture, observing national and global developments in the future and coordinating its activities with the fluctuating changes in science and technology is the keystone. Due to the special position of research institutes in the achievement of knowledge-based agriculture, it is essential for these institutes to carry out the research based on scientific and technological world evolutions. So, in this research, alternative futures of the Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI) considered as a knowledge-based research institute in the field of agricultural technology. The present study was based-on descriptive-analytical and survey methods. The statistical population of this research includes agricultural experts, researchers of AERI, agricultural managers, certified agricultural equipment producers, and beneficiaries. To collect data, a questionnaire, a library study and a panel of expert’s methods were used. Based on a literature review and panel of experts the questionnaires were designed in three steps, and their validity and reliability were measured. The GBN method was used to develop scenarios. In this research, the trend analysis was carried out. So, the driving forces affecting the future of AERI were identified. After determining the uncertainty of driving forces, the scenario matrix was determined and future scenarios of AERI designed. Three scenarios such as the common future, desired future, and hard-time future were designed based on the scenario matrix.

Fire Blight (FB) is the most destructive bacterial disease of pome fruit trees around the world. In recent years, spectrometry has been shown to be an accurate and real-time sensing technology for plant disease detection. So, the main objective of this research is early detecting FB of pear trees by using Visible-Near-infrared spectrometry. To get this goal, the reflectance spectra of healthy leaves (ND), non-symptomatic (NS), and symptomatic diseased leaves (SY) were captured in the visible–NIR spectral regions. In order to keep the important information of spectra and reduce the dimension of data, three linear and non-linear manifold-based learning techniques were applied such as, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Sammon mapping and Multilayer auto-encoder (MAE). The output of manifold-based learning techniques was used as an input of the SIMCA (Soft independent modeling by class analogy) classification model to discriminate NS and ND leaves. Based on the results, the best classification accuracy obtained by using PCA on the 1st derivative spectra, with accuracy of 95.8%, 89.3%, and 91.6% for ND, NS, and SY samples, respectively. These results support the capability of manifold-based learning techniques for early detection of FB via spectrometry method.

Psychologists believe that paying attention to the self-esteem and happiness in nurses can have positive effects on motivating them to perform their duties. This study was conducted aimed at investigating the effects of quality of life therapy (QOLT) on increasing happiness and self-esteem among nurses at the public hospital of Shohadaye Lenjan in Zarrinshahr City.
Material and The research has a quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all nurses working at the Public Hospital of Shohadaye Lenjan in Zarrinshahr City in 2016. A sample comprised of 30 individuals was selected using the sampling method (the experimental group and the control group consisted of 15 individuals each). The experimental group received eight 60-minute sessions of weekly interventions, but the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the covariance analysis. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of the increase in the happiness scores (p=0.002) and their components (i.e. life satisfaction (p=0.011), the positive mood (p=0.000), health (p=0.000), and efficacy (p=0.002)). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of self-esteem (p=0.002) and its components, including social self-esteem (p=0.002) and family self-esteem (p=0.001). According to results of the current research, the quality of life therapy as the combination of the positive psychology and the cognitive behavioral therapy can increase happiness and self-esteem among nurses

Hypertension is one of the most important challenges in human health and is now the most important risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Thus، using new approaches to manage and treat this problem is important. This study aimed to determine the effect of coenzyme-Q10 supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

This randomized clinical trial with a three-month supplementation and participation of 60 hypertensive patients was conducted. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Placebo (PG) and Experimental EG groups. EG received a capsule containing 100 mg coenzyme Q10 daily but PG did not. S ystolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured before and twelve weeks after the intervention.

The median SBP before and after the intervention in SG، was 150 and 130 mmHg (P=0. 002) respectively. The same figures in the PG was 150 and 147 mmHg (P=0. 52)، respectively. The median SBP was not significantly different between two groups before intervention، however at the end of the intervention it was significant (p=0. 01). The median DBP before and after the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups، a nd also in each group before and after the intervention was not significant.

This study indicates that supplementation of daily 100 mg of coenzyme Q10 during 12 weeks with conventional treatment in patients with moderate hypertension produces a significant reduction in SBP. So it can be recommend to be used it as a supplement for hypertensive patients.