n. ghadami

Tapour variety line (P-11 / 6-70036) was obtained from a cross between Sahar (Pershing) and K.W-505 in Mazandaran Agricultural Research Center in 1992. The study of F1 generation, segregating generations and the purification of crosses were performed during 1992-98. The pure lines were compared with Sari and Telar cultivars, in the preliminary comparison, biennial comparison, regional and national regional experiments during 1999-2000. The top lines were also compared with local control cultivars in on-farm trials. In total, the line P-11 / 6-70036 (Tapour variety) was superior to other cultivars with an average yield of 3749 kg per hectare. Other suitable traits of the new variety were: high height, suitable distance of the first pod from the ground, three-seed pods, medium five maturity group, semi determinate growth type, high weight of thousand seed, loading resistance, shattering resistance and tolerance to most important common diseases of soybean in the region, including charcoal rot.

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries in children, which is associated with pain and bleeding after the operation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of lidocaine-epinephrine administration in controlling complications after tonsillectomy.

This clinical trial was conducted on 109 patients aged 5 to 18, who had referred to Kowsar Hospital in Sanandaj for tonsillectomy. After dividing the patients randomly, 40 mg of 1% lidocaine and 5 μg of epinephrine (a volume of 5 ml) were injected into the tonsillar bed in the intervention group before the surgery, but in the patients of the control group, surgery was started without lidocaine-epinephrine administration. Blood pressure and heart rate of the patients before, during and after surgery, and pain intensity based on Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale at minutes 30 and 60 and 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery, and the amount of bleeding during and after surgery were recorded and compared by calculating the volume of suction and blood pads as well as the length of stay in recovery.

The mean amount of bleeding in the intervention group was 65.5±47.1 ml and in the control group was 113.7±45.7 ml (p=0.0001). The mean pain intensity and hemodynamic changes at minutes 30 and 60, and 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery in the intervention group were lower than the control group and showed statistically significant differences (p=0.0001). The mean time of discharge from recovery in the intervention group was 0.35±23.2 minutes and in the control group was 50.4±17.5 minutes (p=0.0001).

Based on the results of this study, it seems that the administration of lidocaine-epinephrine in the tonsil bed before tonsillectomy can reduce the amount of pain, bleeding, and hemodynamic changes during and after surgery, and the patient can recover sooner.

Increasing use of antibiotics against infection caused by microorganisms has increased drug resistance. This has led to extensive research on plant compounds with antimicrobial properties and greater effectiveness as an alternative to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity the five Medicinal plant extracts CinnamomumVerum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris,  and Mentha pulegium against standard bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Entrococcous fecalis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa,Acintobacter bumani, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Esherishia  coli.

The present experimental study was conducted in 2020 at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The ethanol extract of the Cinnamomum verum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris and Mentha pulegium were prepared by maceration method.The antibacterial activity of the extracts was performed on several standard bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method after three replications and diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and recorded. Then MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) with Broth microdilution was determined. Mean growth zone diameter was analyzed by Duncanchr('39')s comparison test at the 5% level.

In the present study, the highest antibacterial effect was related to Berberis vulgaris and Zingiber officinale extracts on S. saprophyticus with growth inhibition drops of 25 and 23 mm, respectively (p <0.05). Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on S.saprophyticus and Mentha pulegium extract on E. coli had the highest antibacterial effect with a growth halo diameter of 16, 13 and 13 mm, respectively (p <0.05). The highest antibacterial effect of cinnamon was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 19 mm. The lowest growth inhibitory concentration was observed for Berberis vulgaris and Zingiber officinalis extracts against S. saprophyticus with 3.1 mg / ml and lower than other types of extracts. P. aeruginosa showed resistance to most plant extracts (p<0.05).

The results of the present study revealed that the plant extracts specially Berberis vulgaris had effective antibacterial activity on most of the bacterial strains. In order to show the optimal antibacterial effect of the studied extracts, it is suggested to study on the animal models and determine their clinical effects.