nader nokhodchi

Evidence suggests that heavy resistance activities can damage muscle cell membranes by increasing free radical production. However, the specific type of resistance activity and the adaptations made by resistance-trained men can influence oxidative stress indicators and muscle damage.

This study aimed to evaluate the acute impact of two agonist muscle superset resistance training protocols on malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) in resistance-trained men.

A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design was conducted. Ten resistance-trained men (age: 24.25 ± 4.92 years; height: 175.12 ± 19.6 cm; weight: 74.75 ± 8.44 kg) participated in one of two superset agonist muscle resistance training protocols (post-exhaustion supersets and pre-exhaustion supersets). Subjects performed three sets of ten repetitions at an intensity of 80% of their 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Blood samples were taken immediately before and 24 hours after each session, and serum levels of MDA, CK, LDH, TAC, and CAT were evaluated.

Both types of superset resistance training significantly increased MDA, CK, LDH, TAC, and CAT levels, with no significant difference in the effects on MDA, CK, and LDH. However, a significant difference was observed between the two training protocols in terms of TAC and CAT, with post-exhaustion supersets showing a greater increase in these antioxidant indices.

A single session of both protocols can induce oxidative stress and muscle damage in resistance-trained men. Additionally, post-exhaustion superset training of agonist muscles may have a greater impact on enhancing antioxidant capacity.

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is considered one of the most common indexes for examining the health. The purpose of this study was the design and validation of the equations for the accuracy of BMI.

In the current 419 athletic and non-athletic subjects participated in this study. Anthropometrical measurement was performed using International Standard for Anthropometry and Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol, and mesomorphic and endomorphic calculated based on the Heath-Carter methods. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between BMI and body fat percent, mesomorphic and endomorphic values. Multiple regressions were used to predict BMI.

There is a high correlation between BMI with mesomorphic and endomorphic values (P<0.01), but the correlation of BMI with mesomorphic in athletic men was higher than endomorphic (0.77 vs. 0.63). Multiple regression produces some equations for predicting mesomorphic and endomorphic, and bland Altman believes that all equations predict fatness.

According to the results, the Equations proposed in this study could appropriately turn BMI to predict body composition so that this equation could determine higher BMI because of the higher muscular mass.

Regular exercise can alleviate oxidative stress. There are no studies examining changes in this variable as a result of an intense acute taekwondo (TKD) exercise.

We aimed to investigate the effect of one bout of intense TKD exercise on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in adolescent female taekwondokas.

Ten adolescent female taekwondokas (age: 13.71±2.05 years; bodymass index: 19.75±2.83 kg/m2 ) voluntarily participated in the present study. They performed one bout of intense TKD protocol. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise. Then, SOD, GPx, CAT, TAC, and MDA were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Plasma volume was corrected using the Dill and Costill equation. Data were analyzed using a paired-sample t test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.

The results revealed that CAT activity (P = 0.043) and serum TAC level (P = 0.039) significantly increased after TKD exercise. However, no significant change was found in SOD (P = 0.414), GPx activity (P = 0.196), and MDA levels (P = 0.377) immediately after exercise.

Collectively, lipid peroxidation did not occur after one bout of intense TKD exercise in adolescent girls, which may be due to increased TAC levels and the activity of the CAT enzyme.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is the most common overuse syndrome in athletes. It seems that individuals with PFPS have some impairments in knee joint proprioception. Patellar taping and neoprene knee sleeve are two common nonoperative methods for the treatment of this syndrome. However, the effectiveness of these interventions on proprioception is doubtful. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of patellar taping and patella stabilizer neoprene knee sleeve on position sense in active men with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

A total of 18 active men with PFPS (age 23.55±0.41 years) were examined for their knee position sense using an electro goniometer. Absolute error of active angular reconstruction was calculated for 30°, 45°, and 60°. The data was analyzed running ANOVA repeated measure and bonferoni post hoc tests (α=0.05).

The results showed that in 30° knee flexion in both of neoprene knee sleeve and patellar taping cause significant improvement in position sense; however, in 45° and 60° flexions, only the neoprene knee sleeve cause significant improvement in knee position sense (p < 0.05).

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that patellar taping can improve the position sense in early degrees of knee flexion, but neoprene knee sleeve with patella stabilizer can improve the position sense in early and middle degrees of knee flexion in active men with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture is more prevalent among women due to several reasons such as women’s different landing strategies. Today, many athletes use varying taping techniques to prevent ACL injury. This study aims to investigate the effect of facilitating hamstring and inhibiting quadriceps through Kinesio-tape on biomechanical variables that contribute to ACL injuries. The subjects included 18 active healthy women (age: 19.94±1.16 years, height: 167±2.14 cm, weight: 58.33±3.72 kg). Kinetics and kinematics data, including the angle of knee flexion and knee abduction in initial foot contact, maximum knee flexion and abduction, and peak anterior shear force, were collected in three conditions (without tape, with sham Kinesio-tape, and Kinesio-tape with facilitation of hamstring and inhibition of quadriceps) in landing maneuver. The Simi motion analysis system and the Kistler force plate were used to collect data. The results revealed that the application of the Kinesio-tape caused a significant increase in the angle of knee flexion in the initial contact and peak anterior shear force in a single leg drop jump (P <0.05). In conclusion, this Kinesiotaping technique can affect some contributory variables to ACL rupture by increasing the angle of knee flexion and maximum shear force, hence lead to reduced rates of injury in active healthy women. However, it seems that this technique is unable to reduce the ACL rupture risk factors in the frontal plane.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is one of the prevalent injuries among wrestlers. ACL reconstruction surgery with hamstring tendon (HST) is one of the common treatments of this injury. Physicians continue to prescribe prophylactic knee brace after ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation, but the effectiveness of brace on performance is debated. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of prophylactic knee brace on knee isokinetic and functional tests in elite wrestler after ACL reconstruction with HST autograft.
Ten elite wrestlers (age 26.1± 2.37 y) having undergone arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction with HST autograft between six to eighteen months before the study volunteered to participate in this study. Isokinetic variables (Average peak torque, max power, total work, and knee flexion to extension peak torque ratios) were measured by Gymnex ISO-1 isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 120°/s and functional tests consist of single leg vertical jump and cross over hop.
Average peak torque (p=0.005), max power (p=0.04), total work (p=0.003), in knee flexor and knee flexion to extension peak torque ratios increased significantly by using the knee brace, but no significant change was observed in knee extensor variables and functional tests (P≥0.05).
The results can be stated that the use of prophylactic knee brace improved isokinetic variables, especially in the knee flexor muscle in elite wrestlers after ACL reconstruction with HST autograft. The results suggest that wrestlers after ACL reconstruction surgery and rehabilitation can use prophylactic knee brace during sport activities to improve the knee kinetic variables and reduce the risk of re-injury.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury commonly occurs during sport activities. Prophylactic knee brace is introduced to reduce the risk of ligament injuries but it can limit the performance. The present study was carried out to review the studies conducted regarding the effect of prophylactic knee brace on efficient biomechanical variables on performance and ligament tear risk factors.
A literature review was done on the studies published between 1980-May 2016 in PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Springer, and SID databases. The following terms were used as keywords: Prophylactic knee brace, neoprene knee sleeve, ACL injuries risk factors, and Biomechanical factors. A total of 15 articles were selected as final articles for the present study.
Review of the literature demonstrated that athletes without injury of ligament can use prophylactic knee brace to reduce ligament tear risk factors without any significant effect on kinetic variables (strength, torque, power, balance). But most articles demonstrated that using brace can limit the kinematic variables (speed, agility, acceleration). On the other hand, literature showed that brace can improve kinetic factors (power and strength) in athletes with injury of anterior cruciate ligament, but the effectiveness of brace on reducing the ligament injury is controversial.
It is concluded that athletes without injury of ACL in the sports, in which kinematic factors (speed and agility) do not play the primary role in the success of the individuals, can use prophylactic knee brace to reduce ligament tear risk factors, while athletes with history of ACL injury can improve their kinetic variables (strength, power and balance) using prophylactic knee brace; however, the effect of knee brace on the reduction of re-injury is unknown.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is a common injury among wrestlers. One of its treatments is reconstructive surgery with Hamstring Tendon (HST) autograft. This research aimed to examine the effect of neoprene knee brace on the knee kinetics variables of elite wrestlers after ligament reconstructive surgery with hamstring autograft.
The present research method is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. A total of 10 elite wrestlers with average (SD) age of 26.1(2.37) years, average (SD) weight of 78.25(11.32) kg and average (SD) height of 174(3.6) cm all of whom underwent ACL reconstructive surgery with hamstring autograft 6 to 18 months prior to the present research were selected through convenience sampling method. In this research, the selected kinetic variables (ratio of the knee flexor muscles torque to the knee extensor muscles, the average peak torque, maximum power and total work of knee extensor and flexor muscles) were measured by isokinetic dynamometer Gymnex model ISO-1 at 120 degrees per second in two modes of with and without neoprene knee brace with open patella and two adjustable straps. To examine the research hypotheses, the statistical dependent t test at the significant level of 0.05 was used. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS 16.
The findings of statistical tests demonstrated that using neoprene knee brace results in significant changes in the average peak torque, maximum power and total work of the knee flexor muscles and also the ratio of the knee flexor muscles torque to the extensor muscles (P Based on the results, using neoprene knee brace could improve kinetic variables, especially knee flexor muscles in elite wrestlers after ligament reconstructive surgery. Therefore, these wrestlers after ACL reconstructive surgery through HST method and performing rehabilitation program can benefit from neoprene knee brace for improving kinetic variables of knee flexor muscles and reducing the likelihood of ligament re-injury during athletic activities.

the aim of this study was to consider the number of prevalent traumas among the members of Iran’s national team ofyouth freestyle wrestling and their relation with anthropometric factors and physical fitness. this was a descriptive- correlational study. after measuring some of the anthropometric and physical fitness factors,[Body Mass Index(BMI),Waist-Hip-Ratio(WHR),Percent of Body Fat(PBF), flexibility, aerobic and anaerobic power and strength] through standard tests, and acquiring the prevalent injuries of the team members from the team''s physician, and applying descriptive statistics (mean 16±1/1) and inferential statistics (Chi square), the relationship between the anthropometric measurements and physical fitness factorsand the level of injuries were assessed. The results of this research showed that the muscular-tendinous injuries and articular-ligament injuries are the most frequent among the youth freestyle wrestling team There was a relationship between muscle injuries and the level of flexibility, between joint injuries and (PBF) and (BMI) and also between bone injuries and isometric strength.Therewas also a relationship between the skin traumas and (WHR) (P)