فهرست مطالب naghmeh gholipour

Chromosomal aneuploidies are the most chromosomal abnormalities at birth due to maternal meiosis I errors. Pregnancies with autosomal chromosomal aneuploidies that survive are namely trisomies 13 (Patau syndrome), 18 (Edward syndrome), and 21 (Down syndrome), account for 89% of chromosome abnormalities. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) which amplifies specific DNA sequences called short tandem repeats (STRs), by using fluorescently labeled primers is a rapid technique for prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies. In this study, DNA extraction was performed from 100 samples isolated from muscle tissue of aborted fetuses. The analysis was performed by multiplex QF-PCR using a panel of 25 STRs markers for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18, and 21. Our results showed that 20% of abortions were due to aneuploidy. 53% of mothers who had abortions were aged 26-35 years old and 32% of them were aged 36-45 years old. The analysis of muscle samples of aborted fetuses indicated that 20 samples showed chromosomal aneuploidy. Of the abnormal cases, 10 cases (~50 %) showed trisomy 21 followed by trisomy 18 (7 cases, ~35%), Klinefelter syndrome (2 cases, ~10 %), and showed trisomy X (1 case, ~5 %). Our results indicated that the D21S1414 marker showed the highest rate of heterozygosity in the study population. Besides some limitations of this study such as sample size, these results suggest that one of the causes of these abortions could be maternal age. We concluded that QF-PCR could be a rapid and reliable method to screen prenatal chromosomal aneuploidy and allow appropriate counseling.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis, a main public health problem that results in 1.5 million deaths annually. A number of epidemiological studies suggested that host genetic factors could play a main role in susceptibility to tuberculosis infection.
SP110 is an interferon-induced nuclear body protein with vital roles in apoptosis, cell cycling and immunity. SP110 gene has been suggested to be a suitable candidate for limiting TB infections. Thus, we investigated the possible association between SP110 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Golestan Province, Iran.

We investigated the frequency of rs1135791 polymorphism of the SP110 gene among 100 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 100 healthy individuals who were referred to the health centers in the Golestan Province (Iran) between 2014 and 2015. Frequency of genotypes was evaluated using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction.

The frequency distribution of TT, TC and CC genotypes among the patients was 65%, 31% and 4%, respectively. In the control group, the frequency distribution of TT, TC and CC genotypes was 56%, 46% and 7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the frequency of rs1135791 between the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and the healthy controls (P=0.42).

Based on the results, the SP110 rs1135791 variant is not a genetic risk factor for development of pulmonary tuberculosis in Golestan Province, Iran.

DNA vaccination, or genetic immunization, is a novel vaccine technology that has great potential for reducing infectious disease and cancer- induced morbidity and mortality worldwide. This method has been used to stimulate protective immunity against many infectious pathogens, malignancies, and autoimmune disorders in animal models and extensively to develop vaccine safe, innovative and efficient in human and animals has been studied. DNA plasmids encoding foreign proteins may be used as immunogens by direct intramuscular injection alone, or with various adjuvants. The antibody, helper T lymphocyte, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been induced in a laboratory and domesticated animals by these methods. In the inactive immunization method, the goal is only temporary protection and relief of the condition, but in active immunization, achieving a constant, long-term safety is the final goal. DNA vaccines are one of the novel candidates of genetic engineering in immunization fields. This article is aimed to introduce DNA vaccine and induced an immune response by it to achieve sustainable protection and further development of this technology at national research levels.

The prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is approximately 3% around the world. This virus causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The effectiveness of interferon-α and ribavirin therapy is about 50% and is associated with significant toxicity and cost. Hence, generating new vaccines or drugs is an obligation. However, there is no vaccine available for clinical use. DNA vaccines have some advantages such as producing feasibility and generating intensive cellular and humoral immune responses. Activation and improvement of natural immune defense mechanisms is a necessity for the development of an effective HCV vaccine. This article discusses the current status of therapies for hepatitis C, the promising new therapies and the experimental strategies to develop an HCV vaccine.

Gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of incurable diseases, including cancer and genetic defects. The major problem limiting the effectiveness of this method within the organism is the difficulty in transporting vulnerable and negatively charged DNA macromolecules into the cell nucleus, in which risks the biosafety aspects of gene therapy. The major key to successful gene therapy is developing safe and efficient tools for carrying the genetic material. Due to their high efficiency in transferring the genetic material, viral vectors are among the most commonly used vectors in gene therapy; however, they can spark dangerous immune responses in the body of the living organisms. Currently, researchers are trying to develop cheaper and safer alternatives. In this paper, the pathways and gene transfer techniques, along with their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed for the means of gene therapy. Furthermore, the latest reforms necessary for the improvement of each method are mentioned.

Sustainable production of transgenes in human cells can be combined of both viral and non-viral methods for gene therapy. Efficient transfection into primary cells is proposed by recombinant virus technology; even though provided by reports of successful treatment, it still has a lot of disadvantages. As of today, the use of plasmids can be a viable alternative to viral vectors for its reduced costs, low immunogenicity, and effective insertion. In the past decades, Sleeping Beauty transposons (SB) have been developed as a non-viral vector system for gene therapy, with the shared benefits of both vectors and naked DNA. The SB system has been successfully used in human T cells for generating specific chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). This article is aimed to introduce transposon technology for a safe genetransfer into human cells with the emphasis on SB systems. Moreover, viral and non-viral gene transfer systems are described by considering both the advantages and disadvantages.

In this study, Invitro evaluation of some Iranian plants against Staphylococcus aureus Isolation of Urinary Tract Infection by microtiterplate method. All 12 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from urine culture of hospitalized patients during the years 2012- 2013. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of plant extract and essential oilagainst bacteria were determined using micro dilution broth method at six different concentrations. The result showed that the antibiotic susceptibility of S.aureus isolates was evaluated for 6 antimicrobial.Antibiotic susceptibility of S.aureus isolates was evaluated for 6 antimicrobial and more resistance were to oxacillin(83.3%), ceftazidime(66.6%) and penicillin(50%). The highest MIC values of extract were found to be 2.5 mg/ml against S.aureus andone of MIC value for S.aureus was 0.62mg/ml. This study also confirm the antimicrobial potential of investigated plants and their usefulness in treatment of resistance microorganisms gram-positive.