najmeh reza soltani

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the life cycle of customers of sports facilities in Ardabil province. This research was applied in terms of its purpose and was considered a descriptive-survey type of research, which was carried out in the field method. The statistical population of the research included all customers (visitors) of sports facilities in Ardabil province, which was determined as the research sample by using Cochran's formula and through the available cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was the standard customer life cycle value questionnaire of Nouri Ravesh et al. (1400) and the collected data was analyzed using a one-sample t-test in SPSS software version 24 at a statistical level of p≤0/05, and the results showed He said that the customer life cycle of sports facilities in Ardabil province is not in a favorable state, as all the components of the customer life cycle were evaluated in a slightly higher than average state; In this regard, it is recommended to the managers of sports venues to be aware of the importance of this issue and to put all their efforts in providing an environment according to the needs and wishes of the customers in order to retain customers and gain superiority among the competitors. take an important role in increasing the life cycle of customers, improving economic profit and improving the average future health of the society.

Isomorphism is the process by which organizations become more similar to each other over time. The purpose of this study was to explore how previous research has examined this phenomenon in sports organizations. We used a semi-systematic approach to conduct the research. In conducting and reporting the review we followed the four stages that are outlined by Snyder (2019). A total of 126 articles underwent an abstract review process, from which 26 articles were extracted. Finally, 13 qualitative articles that related to the research objectives were reviewed. We conducted a content analysis of 13 articles on isomorphism in sport. The articles were published in a variety of academic journals between 1990 and 2023. 8 main themes are presented: Type of isomorphism, Mechanism of isomorphism, Consequences of Isomorphism in Sport Organizations, Function of Isomorphism, Strategies for response to pressure, institutional logics, Application of Isomorphism in Sports Organizations, Managing Isomorphism in Sport Organizations. Results showed isomorphism in sport organizations is driven by three primary mechanisms: coercive isomorphism, mimetic isomorphism, and normative isomorphism. In conclusion, isomorphism is a complex phenomenon that can have both positive and negative consequences for sport organizations. By understanding the mechanisms of isomorphism and carefully managing its effects, sport organizations can leverage its benefits while maintaining their strategic autonomy and fostering a culture of innovation and adaptation.

The purpose of this research was to construct and validate of the parent support scale for physical education. This research was mixed (qualitative and quantitative methods). In the qualitative section, a questionnaire with 29 questions was compiled by examining the theoretical foundations and literature, holding focus meetings, and interviewing 6 experts in the field of PE and educational sciences. The quantitative part of the research consisted of 3 stages. The first stage was distributing the questionnaire among 10 specialists to check the face and content validity, and conducting an initial pilot on 90 people. In this stage, one question was deleted. The second stage was to perform Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the extraction of 5 factors and remove 2 questions. The third stage was to perform Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and examine convergent and divergent validity and composite reliability. The research tool in the qualitative phase was interviews with the members of the focus group and in the quantitative phase, a 5-point Likert questionnaire. The participants of the quantitative part were 7634 parents of students from all over the provinces of Iran. After conducting EFA, 26 questions were placed on five factors (attitude into PE, behavioral pattern, interaction with PE teacher, affective support, and hardware support). Also, the findings of the CFA indicated proper fit indices and the model was confirmed. Eventually, it can be stated that the parent support scale for physical education has proper validity and reliability and it can be used in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to feasibility of adding a student workbook in learning packages for physical education curriculum.The research method was qualitative and applied in terms of purpose.Interviewees included managers and experts of curriculum, authors of physical education textbooks,professors of Farhangian University, instructional supervisors, and physical education teachers.Sampling was done in a theoretically purposive way and the process of interviewing continued until saturation (35 people).The research tool was a semi-structured interview. We used triangulation, respondent validation, and peer examination strategies for validate the research process.Data analysis was done by thematic method.In total,498primary codes,80concepts,18categories and 4themes were counted. Achievements,book sponsorships,book production process and executive arrangements are the four main themes extracted from the research findings. In the book production theme, the selection of a strong production team, adherence to the principles of curriculum and fundamental documents, appropriateness to executive requirements, and attention to the technical and content features of the book were emphasized. Also, in the Theme of executive arrangements,considering financial and human resources,dissemination and promotion,upgrading of infrastructure,participation and cooperation,time management and benefiting from the desired structure and organization should be considered by the relevant authorities.In case of preparing and taking into account the necessary implementation arrangements,providing sufficient support and benefiting from the scientific and principled process in the design and production of the student's workbook, one can expect to achieve favorable results and outcomes in the direction of the development of physical education and increasing physical literacy of students.Examining the exact effectiveness of this issue requires more research.

This study aimed to analyze the lived experiences of physical education teachers of implemented curriculum challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic through qualitative phenomenological analysis. Participants were 32 physical education teachers selected based on a criterion-based purposive sampling method from different provinces of Iran. Unstructured interviews, used as the research tool, continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Each interview lasted between 20 and 70 minutes. The seven-step Colaizzi model was used for collecting and analyzing the data, which yielded eight main themes, 19 sub-themes and 84 concepts. The main themes include learners’ inattention, the extent of abilities and psychological problems; proportion of learning environment and teaching materials to the curriculum objectives; characteristics, role and functions of the family in the implementation and assessment of the curriculum; teachers' abilities and competencies; physical education curriculum content; assessment of academic achievement; policy-making and educational management, and finally technology and communication platforms in virtual classrooms. Holding educational courses based on virtual education for teachers, supporting appropriate hardware and software from communication platforms and modifying and updating the COVID-19 curriculum can be mentioned as the main suggestions extracted from this research.

Referees are one of the most important human resources of federations and provincial delegations, whose professional development and growth will require spending time, money, and energy for them and organization. The purpose of this research work was to reflect on the challenges and requirements of the refereeing profession based on the life experiences of Iranian elite football referees.

The research method was qualitative and based on the phenomenological approach. The participants were 10 football referees of national and 1st level. The research tool was unstructured in-depth interviews. The duration of each interview was between 20 and 60 minutes. The process of completing the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. We used strategies such as respondent validation, transferability, and peer review to validate the research process.

The findings showed that background factors, judgment skills, professional growth and moral values were subjects related to requirements. Also the referees' challenges were explained in three categories: challenges related to judgment, challenges related to the organization, and personal challenges.

The findings of this research show that football referees have challenges and sufferings that can lead to consequences (e.g. burnout, leaving the profession, physical and mental injuries, etc.). By knowing the requirements of refereeing (e.g. physical fitness, mental and psychological readiness, communication skills, etc.), it is possible to plan for the empowerment of referees in order to witness the high quality of judging and attractiveness in the games.

Utilizing strategic planning as a necessity in educational institutions is a necessity. The purpose of this study was to design a strategy map of health for the Ministry of Education of Iran.

This research used an applied method of descriptive survey. The population consisted of 14 managers and experts in Ministry of Education. Research tools included questionnaires and interviews to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; Internal Factor Evaluation Matrices (IFE), External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE); Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis (SWOT) for strategic positioning and strategy formulation; and structural-interpretive model (ISM) matrices for designing the strategic plan in the field of health and wellness.

The research council presented eleven main strategies. The strategy map was drawn the using the ISM model. Standardization of school health equipment, empowerment of human resources, and development of student physical and mental health care system were among the most important health strategies.

Designing this map is a facilitator in implementing strategies that aim to achieve development of health literacy and a healthy lifestyles in students.

The purpose of this study was designing of a pedagogical model to implementation the goals of the physical education curriculum of schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with an exploratory nature and in 3steps. In the first step, synthesis research method was used to extract the effective factors. The second step included distance interviews with 31 physical education (PE) teachers and PE group leaders, experts, and specialists of curriculum to enumerate more specialized and local factors. Finally, in the third step, a focus group consisting of experts was used to validating and designing the model. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 79%, which indicates the reliability of the research coding process. A total of 50 concepts and 10 main categories were extracted. Findings showed that goals, learner characteristics, Educational platforms and learning environment play a role as fixed and influential factors. In contrast, the elements of teacher, content, teaching methods, Educational materials, family and Assessment as available and flexible factors play a decisive role in students' learning. Finally, it is suggested that physical education teachers consider role of each of these elements, especially the characteristics of learner (individual, social, cultural, etc.), family, educational contexts (quality, facilities, etc), educational materials (suitability for learning environment, family level, etc) and learning environment in the educational plan process. It is also suggested that the Ministry of Education hold additional training courses focusing on content production, teaching and assessment methods in Virtual space.

The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES). The method was descriptive-survey. The Statistical population consisted of male and female athletes aged over 16 years who attended structured exercise programs. The sample consisted of 256 male and female athletes (M=23.03¡ SD=4.04) who were selected through cluster random sampling method. The 12-item Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale was initially translated (by translation - back translation method) and then its face and content validity were confirmed. After a pilot study and necessary modifications¡ confirmatoryfactoranalysis (CFA) was used to examine construct validity. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency of the scale and temporal reliability of the items. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was examined by test-retest method with 2-4 weeks of interval for the scale and subscales. The results showed that the second model of BPNES had acceptable fit indexes (CFI=0.98¡ RMSEA=0.07)¡ internal consistency (alpha coefficient: 0.87 for relatedness¡ 0.80 for competence¡ 0.82 for autonomy¡ and 0.88 for the whole questionnaire) and temporal reliability (0.88 for relatedness¡ 0.83 for competence¡ 0.83 for autonomy¡ and 0.90 for the whole questionnaire). So¡ this scale can be used for research population in Iran.

The aim of this study was to model the effect of athletic identity on sport orientation in athletes participating in 11th sport Olympiad of male students in Iran. 400 students were selected as the sample of this study from 2130 students of population. Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ, Gill et al., 1988, α=0.87) and the Athletic Identity Questionnaire (Cieslak, 2004, α=0.82) were used. The SOQ with 25 items measured three dimensions of sport orientation, and the Athletic Identity Questionnaire with 22 items assessed five dimensions of athletic identity. The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multiple regression test, and Structural Equation Modeling at significance level of P≤0.05. The results showed that all dimensions of athletic identity (excluding negative affectivity) had a direct and significant relationship with sport orientation. Also, 0.41 of variance of orientation was predicted or explained by independent variables (self-identity, social identity, exclusivity, positive affectivity, negative affectivity) (R2 = 0.41).

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between sport motivation and athletic burnout in male soccer players participating in the 12th universiade in Iran. The research method was descriptive/correlational method. 160 players who were members of soccer teams of universities completed these 2 questionnaires: 1- Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) by Pelletier et al. (1995) with 24 items and with 7-point Likert scale assessed 6 subscales of the variable, 2- Athletic Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) by Radak & Smith (2001) with 15 items and 5-point Likert scale assessed 3 subscales of the variable. The data were analyzed by SPSS, Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis at significance level of α≤0.05. The results revealed a reverse and significant relationship between internal motivation and burnout (r= -0.15, P=0.04), integrated regulation and burnout (r= -0.16, P=0.04), identified regulation and burnout (r= -0.26, P=0.01) and introjected regulation and burnout (r= -0.28, P=0.01). There was a direct and significant relationship between amotivation and burnout (r=0.60, P=0.01). Also, the results showed that the components of athletic motivation explained almost 35% of the variance of athletic burnout variable. So, based on these results and according to self-determination theory, it can be explained that motivation and psychological well-being of persons will maximize by satisfying their psychological needs, and thus it is less likely to experience burnout.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective factors on attracting children and teenagers in soccer schools. The research method was descriptive/correlational research. 252 parents of children of soccerschools in North Khorasan province were selected by cluster sampling method (N=850). The research instrument was a 28-items questionnaire (α = 0.87) with 5 point Likert scale that was made by researchers for evaluating the effective factors on attracting children and teenagers in soccer schools. The Data were analyzed by using factor analysis method (with Varimax rotation) with spss-18 software (p≤  0.05). The results showed that 73.72% of the total variance  is explained by the extracted factors, including: facilities, equipment and services (hardware index:15.20%) , coaches, education quality, moral and social environment (software index: 18.22%), interactions, friends and family (social index" 10.27%), attention to the parents ideas (Communication index: 9.18%) and Advertising (Promotion  index: 8.05%).

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between employeeś́ personality big five factors and job burnout in youth & sport general office of west Azarbaijan. The present study was description-correlation. 58 employees of Sport and Youth general office of west Azarbaijan (Urmia, 2011) completed study instruments in this study: 1-The Maslach burnout inventory (MBI et al., 1981), contains 22 items that measures three subscales of job burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of a sense of personal accomplishment. 2- Big Five Inventory (BFI, John et al., 1991), with 44 items assess the 5 different dimensions of personality including conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness. Data were analyzed with one-sample kolmogrov-smirnov , Pearson Correlation coefficient, and Multiple linear regression in significance level of P≤0.05.Our findings indicate that there was a significance positive relationship between among neuroticism personality(r=0.46 p≤0.05) and job burnout. Also results indicated that there were a significance negative relationship among Agreeableness(r=-0.28 p≤0.05), Conscientiousness(r=-0.34 p≤0.05) and Openness to experience (r=-0.31 p≤0.05) with job burnout (p≤0.05). Also personality dimension can to expressed R2 =0.25 of job burnout Variance. Comparing these findings with other researches indicated that personalities characteristic’s (as a personal factor) effect on job burnout of employees.