narjes amrollahi

Sedentary life style may affect dental health, growth, and general well-being of children, requiring the participation of health care providers. The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between oral health (dental plaque index) and sedentary lifestyle pattern in children. In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study, 219 children aged 8 to 12 from the schools of Shahrekord city were selected by cluster random sampling in 2021–2022. After obtaining informed consent, parents filled a questionnaire about their child lifestyle pattern. Children chew disclosing agent and then Plaque index was recorded by examination according to tooth coloring pattern. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient, K-square in SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05. The mean dental plaque index was 1.37±0.53 in the total population of Shahrekord children (1.23±0.49 in girls and 1.54±0.55 in boys). Children spend most of their time studying and watching television and spend less time on calls and listening to music. There was no significant relationship between the mean score of overall sedentary entertainment and plaque index (p-value=0.092). However, there was a direct and significant relation between watching television and computer games with dental plaque index (p-value˂0.05). Increasing sedentary entertainment in children, such as watching television or playing computer games, may affect children’s oral health. Therefore, it is important for dentists to consider children’s lifestyle as an influencing factor in oral health.

Context:

 Dental caries is a complication affecting the health of society, so it is vital to manage. Most children with early childhood caries (ECC) are believed to undergo anemia, altered physical growth patterns, and low weight.

 This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children.
Evidence Acquisition: The medical subject headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH were applied to choose the search terms. English language case-control studies assessing blood factors associated with IDA in children with and without dental caries were potentially eligible. Two independent researchers carried out an electronic search to retrieve studies published in the English language on Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science databases in October 2020. Initially, 494 articles were obtained. Of them, 17 were eligible for inclusion, of which eight studies were eliminated. The meta-analysis was done using the comprehensive meta-analysis software (version 2, Biostat). The forest plots estimated the mean difference and depicted the results of the meta-analysis. The Egger's and Begg's tests assessed the publication bias.

 A significant difference was observed in serum ferritin levels between the case and control groups, with a mean difference of -0.230 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.446 to -0.015; P value = 0.008). Blood hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels indicated significant mean differences of -0.991 (95% CI: -1.813 to -0.169) and -0.807 (95% CI: -1.336 to -0.279), respectively (P value < 0001). In the case group, all three blood parameters were significantly lower.

 Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and MCV levels are lower in children with dental caries than in caries-free children.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is an aggressive and multifactorial form of dental caries in children, in which the biomarkers of oxidative stress may increase.

This study aimed to compare the salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in children with early childhood caries (ECC) and caries-free (CF) children.

To this end, 42 ECC children and 42 CF children, aged 4 - 6 years, were randomly selected from the kindergartens of four socio-economically different districts of Isfahan. An unstimulated saliva sample was obtained from children fasting during the past night using the spitting method. In the laboratory, the MDA levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. An independent-samples t-test was used to examine the differences between the two groups.

The mean salivary MDA level was significantly higher in the ECC group than in the CF group (P = 0.01), and there was no significant relationship between salivary MDA and gender (P = 0.44 in the ECC group, P = 0.30 in the CF group). Moreover, no significant relationship was noticed between MDA with decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft).

The findings documented a relationship between ECC and MDA as one of the products of oxidative stress reactions. Accordingly, the MDA level of saliva can be a critical indicator in determining the status of caries in children.

Autism is a congenital neurological disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, communication, and behavior. Due to the special condition of these children and their inability to observe oral hygiene, patients depend on their caregivers. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries based on the pufa/PUFA index in autistic children aged 6-12 years old In Isfahan.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 90 children in autistic centers based on clinical examination. The examination was performed using a mirror, explores, and headlight. The pufa/PUFA checklist and severity of the autism were documented for each child. The data were analyzed in SPSS software using the Mann-Whitney U test.

The majority of children had mild autism. The mean of pufa and PUFA indices in the autistic children were obtained at 3.43±2.46 and 0.62±0.29, respectively. Among all the pufa/PUFA index parameters, the exposed pulp) was higher. In the current study, there was no significant difference between males and females in terms of autism severity (P=0.205). Moreover, the autism severity had no significant relationship with pufa/PUFA index in deciduous and permanent teeth (P>0.05).

The results of the current study pointed out that the rate of caries was relatively high in autistic children, and oral hygiene in primary dentition was worse than permanent dentition.

 There are several factors involved in postponement of referral to the dentist, which can affect the child's co-operation during treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons for postponement in referring to dentistry and its effect on anxiety and behavior of the child while working in dentistry.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, 96 children aged 5-10 years old living in Isfahan with more than 12 months delayed were included. Initially, the parents completed the questionnaire to the causes of delay in referring to the dentistry. Then the anxiety and behavior assessment of the child was filled with a Venham questionnaire by a dentist. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, One-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests using SPSS 22 software. The significance level was less than 0.05.

 The high cost of treatment was the most important factor in postponing and prevention of dental pain was the most important factor in the referral. There was no significant relationship between delay and behavioral scores (p value = 0.523) and anxiety (p value = 0.499), but the results show that increase in delay rates, children show a higher anxiety score and a more negative attitude. There was a significant and reverse correlation between postponement and age of the child (p value = 0.002).

 It seems that the parents consider the most important factor for postponement dental treatment as a high cost of treatment. The higher the delay in referring to the dentist, the more anxiety the child will be during treatment, and the child will show a more inappropriate behavior.

Oral health care for children with visual impairment is challenging for health service providers. Gaining information about parental awareness in this regard can be a basis for health planning and use of preventive services.

The aim of this study was to evaluate parental awareness about the importance of preventive care and its relationship with DMFT index in visually impaired children.

This cross-sectional and descriptive- analytical study was carried out on 50 parents of children with visual impairment referring to schools of the blind children aged 8-14 years in Isfahan in 2017 – 2018. Parental awareness was measured by knowledge questionnaire. DMFT index of first permanent molar was recorded by examination. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation and T-test in SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05.

The mean score of parental awareness about significance of preventive care was 68.4±15.5. Mean DMFT in the studied children was 2.40±1.32 and highest score was related to decayed tooth, followed by filled tooth. There was no significant relation between parental knowledge and mean DMFT (p= 0.30), while there was revers relation with number of extracted teeth (p= 0.02) and direct relation with number of filled tooth (p= 0.04).

Parental awareness generally did not show significant relationship with DMFT, while by increasing their knowledge the number of missed teeth was decreased and the number of filled teeth was increased in visually impaired children.

Bonding to the tooth structure and fluoride release of the restoration are substantial factors to prevent the caries progression in children. The aim of this study was to compare micro tensile bond strength of four glass-containing materials with primary teeth dentin. In this in-vitro study, 16 extracted primary molar were prepared and disinfected with 0.2% thymol solution. The occlusal box was prepared until a thin enamel wall remained and the dentin exposed at the pulpal floor. This enamel wall played the matrix role for placing the restorative materials. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups and restored with resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), giomer, zirconomer and cention N. The teeth were mounted in acrylic mold and entered into a CNC cutting machine to provide specimens with a thickness of 1  1 mm. The tensile bond strength of the specimens was calculated by micro tensile measuring device. The failure of the samples (adhesive, cohesive, admix) was observed under a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Fisher’s exact test. Therewasa significant difference between zirconomerandother groups (P< 0.001), also between giomerandother groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the pattern of the failure among groups, except RMGI and cention N. The micro-tensile bond of the giomer was the strongest, cention N and RMGI were approximately of equal strength, and zirconomer showed the lowest tensile bond strength.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on pulpal anaesthesia immediately after pulpectomy of primary maxillary molars. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, 60 children (aged 5 to 9) were referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yazd Dental School; for primary maxillary molar pulpectomy. Local anaesthesia and analgesic drugs were used for the pre-operative stage. A five-face scale was considered to evaluate pain reaction during the pulp therapy. Pain scores were determined when the dental procedure was complete. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were finally used at the confidence level of 95%. Use of analgesics before pulpectomy in children can reduce pain score compared to placebo group (P<0.001) and increase the effectiveness of pulpal anesthesia. Additionally, ibuprofen exhibited lower pain scores compared to acetaminophen although the difference was not statistically significant. Pre-operative use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen might be a useful way to achieve analgesia during pulpectomy of primary maxillary molars in children.

  Permanent first molars (PFMs) are highly susceptible to caries due to their special anatomical form, early eruption, lack of awareness about their eruption and misidentifying them from the primary teeth. Parental awareness about the existence of PFMs in their children’s mouth could lead to caries prevention. This study aimed to determine the level of parental awareness about the presence of PFMs and its relation to DMFT index in 7-9-year-old children in Rasht. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 553 elementary school students in Rasht. Cluster random sampling was done. A checklist was filled out by the parents after obtaining their informed consent. Intraoral examination was performed by one specialist using a dental mirror, an explorer and a head light. Children’s DMFT index of PFMs (DMFT6) was recorded. Data were entered into SPSS software version 21. Chi- square test, Cochran’s test, sign test and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. In this study, only 151 parents (27.3%) knew about the PFMs’ eruption time. DMFT6 was 0.48±0.84 in 7-9-year-olds. There was a significant correlation between DMFT6 and the frequency of consumption of sugary snacks (P=0.025) and toothbrushing (P=0.016). But the correlation between DMFT6 and parental knowledge (P=0.918), gender (P=0.44), father’s educational level (P=0.103) and mother’s educational level (P=0.145) was not significant. Considering the low level of awareness of parents, attention to early education, prevention and treatment is necessary.

Proper anesthesia and pain management during treatment are of the most important concerns in dentistry for people of all ages, especially children. This study compared the success rate of lidocaine block with articaine buccal infiltration during anesthesia of the primary mandibular second molars in children aged 8-10 years. The present clinical trial was conducted on 20 children aged 8-10 who referred to the Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Dentistry at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd (Iran) and needed to be treated with pulpotomy on both primary mandibular second molars. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. At the first session, a group received articaine buccal infiltration and the other group experienced inferior alveolar nerve block. At the next visit, this trend was reversed. Pain during pulpotomy and all vital signs were measured before and after each injection. For data analysis, by SPSS17 software using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used. According to the results, the pain during pulpotomy was significantly lower in the articaine group (P-value>0/001). Pulse and breathing changes were statistically significant before and after both injections (P-Value>0/001). The articaine buccal infiltration can be employed for the pulpotomy treatment in the primary mandibular second molars in children aged 8-10 years.