فهرست مطالب naser hatami

Evidence of COVID-19 respiratory sequels is restricted and predisposing factors are not well studied more than two years passing pandemic. This study followed COVID-19 patients 12 weeks after discharge from hospital for respiratory sequels.

This was a prospective study on discharged COVID-19 patients in 2021, in Jahrom, Iran. Exposure was COVID-19 clinical features at hospitalization, including symptoms and physical examination and laboratory findings, and primary endpoint was 12-week lung sequel, being evaluated by a chest CT scan. Demographics and previous medical history were considered covariates. SPO2 and CRP 6-week changes were followed as an early tool for prediction of 12-week lung sequel.

Totally, 383 participants (17 had sequels) with mean age of 57.43±18.03 years old (50.13% male) completed 12-week study follow-ups. Ninety-one (23.8%) subjects had an ICU admission history. SPO2% in 6th week was statistically significantly associated with a higher rate of 12-week sequelae (p<0.001). Also, patients having CT scan scores between 40% to 50% (p=0.012) and higher than 50% (p=0.040) had higher chance of experiencing lung sequelae than patients with CT scan score of below 40%, as well as having ICU admission history and lower SPO2% at 6th week of discharge. There was a statistically significant increasing trend of SPO2% (P<0.001) and a statistically significant decreasing trend of CRP levels (P<0.001), overall. SPO2% increase after 6 weeks was lower in participants with lung sequels than fully improved ones (P=0.002) and as well as total 12-week change in SPO2% (P=0.001). CRP changes in none of evaluated periods were different among study groups (P>0.05).

Our results were in favor of closely following SPO2 levels after patient discharge, while CRP assessment seems not helpful based on our results.

Researchers have always been investigating the non-narcotic medications for obstetrics and gynecology surgeries. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of using anesthesia without narcotics compared to conventional anesthesia with narcotics in the treatment of pain and complications after surgery.

In this systematic review study, according to the PRISMA statement, electronic databases of ‎PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library, as well as the Persian databases of SID and Magiran ‎were searched with the help of Google Scholar between 1990 and the end of 2022. The studies which compared anesthesia with narcotic-based and non-narcotic-based drugs in a clinical trial or observational study design were extracted and qualitative evidence was synthesized from the results of the studies.

In this systematic review, 11 studies including anesthesia induction drugs, anesthesia maintenance and postoperative pain management were examined. For post-surgical pain management, non-opioid drugs such as ketorolac, paracetamol, paracetamol + ketorolac, tenoxicam and diclofenac were used, and in the case of insufficient pain management, opioid rescue drugs such as tramadol, morphine and fentanyl were also used. In general, non-opioid drugs such as paracetamol and non-steroid anti-inflammatory medications are safer than opioids and, in some cases, can be as effective or more effective in providing pain relief and anesthesia; however this pain relief and anesthesia varies depending on the type of drug. The quality of extracted evidence was low according to the Cochrane and Newcastle-Ottawa risk of bias scale.

The use of anesthesia induction and maintenance techniques using non-opioid substances in cesarean and other gynecological surgeries can help to reduce the consumption of opioids and related side effects, such as cardiopulmonary arrest, improve pain control and improve recovery after surgery.

The goal of our study was to determine the prognostic value of CURB-65,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), pneumonia severity index (PSI), MuLBSTA,and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II upon admission inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, as well as the prediction cut-off valuefor death regarding these parameters. This observational retrospective study was performed in COVID-19 triagein Peymaniyeh hospital in Jahrom in 2021. In order to calculate SOFA, APACHE II, PSI,MuLBSTA, and CURB-65, data were collected from patients who were selected by availablesampling method from PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Thirty-day mortality wasassessed as the primary outcome. ROC analysis was conducted using the STATA software toevaluate the prognostic value of the scoring systems. DeLong test was utilized to compareAUC of scores using a web based tool.Ninety-two patients were included in this study with the mean age of 51.02±17.81years (male to female ratio was 1:1). SOFA had an AUC of 0.656 (P=0.130), but other indiceshad statistically significant values of AUC. Based on the comparison of the AUCs, SOFAwas the worst scoring system in COVID-19 as it had significantly lower AUC than PSI andAPACHE II (P<0.05); while its comparison with MULBSTA and CURB65 was not statisticallysignificant (P>0.05). It seems that APACHE II and PSI are the best prognostic factors in our studywith no statistical difference compared together (P>0.05). The sensitivity of APACHE II andPSI was 0.857 with the specificity of 0.927 and 0.976, respectively. The optimal cut-off pointwas 13 and 50 for APACHE II and PSI, respectively

Pregnancy has a significant effect on the thyroid gland and its function. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is defined as an increase in serum TSH levels. The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the amount of hemodynamic changes and the level of spinal anesthesia in hypothyroid patients undergoing caesarean section with spinal anesthesia and comparing it with the control group.

In this case-control study, 83 patients aged 18-42 years who referred to Motahari Hospital in Jahrom city for caesarean section were studied in two hypothyroid (n=42) and control (n=41) groups. The level of spinal anesthesia, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured and recorded before the administration of anesthetic, 1, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after anesthesia and at the time of entry and exit from recovery. Data analysis was done by SPSS software (version 21) and repeated measurement, Cochran, analysis of variance and chi square tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was a significant difference in the frequency of spinal anesthesia between hypothyroid patients undergoing caesarean section with spinal anesthesia and the control group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups of patients with hypothyroidism and the control group in terms of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and 1 minute after anesthesia, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after anesthesia and at the time of entry and exit from recovery (P<0.05).

Although the use of spinal anesthesia in pregnant mothers with hypothyroidism reported a higher level of anesthesia during the operation compared to the control group, the difference in mean arterial pressure and heart rate was not clinically significant between the groups. Based on the present study, it seems that there is no need to change the spinal anesthesia protocol for patients with hypothyroidism.

Acanthamoeba is one of free-living amoebas, which are very abundant in nature. As a free-living amoeba, this parasite has a very high lethality, especially in people with underlying diseases, so researchers are always looking for a way to combat it. Drug plants are a good way to fight Acanthamoeba species. In this study, we aimed to investigate the lethal effect of the extract of Oliveria decumbens vent and Peganum harmala alcoholic extract on Acanthamoeba.

In this study using the extract from an extract of Oliveria decumbens vent and Peganum harmala with concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml to investigate the lethal effect of this extract. The plant was treated with Acanthamoeba amoebae after three times (24, 48, and 72) hours.

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the  Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.JUMS.REC.1398.029). 

The present research showed that using different concentrations at three times (24, 48, and 72) hours the effect of the extract on trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba was shown. The highest lethality is related to the concentration of 20 mg/ml using a combination of both extracts at the time 72 hours and the lowest lethality is related to the concentration of 1.25 mg/ml of Oliveria decumbens vent at the time 24 hours.

Observations indicate that the alcoholic extract of Oliveria decumbens vent and Peganum harmala had a perfect effect both separately and in a combination of both extracts. These two extracts had a synergistic effect on the lethal effect of Acanthamoeba amoeba.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The severity and importance of risk factors and predisposing behaviors are different in each region. Analysis of the relationship between prognostic factors in women with breast cancer can affect the treatment process of patients. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between age of disease onset and the prognosis of breast cancer in women.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 160 patients referred to Khatam Al-Anbia Cancer Clinic in Jahrom in 2021 and their cancer was confirmed based on pathology report. The information in the questionnaire was analyzed using patients' files. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and Spearman's correlation coefficient test and survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier curve (survival). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no statistically significant relationship between age of disease onset and stage of breast cancer (r = 0.018, P = 0.891) and the size of lesions at the time of breast cancer diagnosis (r = 0.031, P = 0.721). Spearman correlation coefficient showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the age of disease onset and lymph node involvement (r = -0.190, P = 0.016) and the prognostic factor Her2 at the time of breast cancer diagnosis (r = -0.167, P = 0.045); as the age of onset increases, Her2 decreases at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.

The highest frequency of age of women participating in the study was in the range of 41 to 50 years, but according to survival analysis based on age group, survival was higher in people over 70 years than other age groups (4.71±0.54 years). However, the Kaplan Mir chart did not show a difference between the different age groups, but as age increases, Her2 and lymph node involvement decreases at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.

Although studies are conducted on moral distress during the COVID-19 period, those being conducted by using various methods of moral distress assessment, the majority of which were developed for moral distress conditions befor the arrival of the pandemic, and qualitative studies are better suited to the COVID-19-driven moral and ethical dilemma. For COVID-19 era, we aimed at reviewing qualitative studies on moral distress.

Based on the PRISMA-P and COREQ criteria, a comprehensive evaluation of qualitative studies looking at moral distress in Hrealthcare workers (HCWs) working with COVID-19 patients was conducted. A combination of relevant terms was searched in the MEDLINE and PsycINFO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases. The CASP checklist was used to evaluate the research quality. To synthesize the data, a meta-aggregation method was employed in conjunction with the ConQual methodology. ‎‎

Nine studies with 644 participants were evaluated. 4 studies were about physicians in Emergency departments or acute care centers, 2 studies were about nursing students, and 3 studies were about the nursing staff. A total number of 11 subthemes were found in cases of moral distress experienced in the emergency department. All themes and subthemes were summarized in 3 themes adapting to categories: of resource constraints, scientific limitation, and personal variables.

New ethical dilemmas have been emerging during the COVID-19 pandemic and we sought systematically categorize these moral distress cases and evaluate compliance of our decision-making rules with such circumstances. Our proposed model of decision-making based on the available protocols of legitimate and acceptable authorities is a way to avoid moral distress in facing limited science in practice.

The apt description of COVID-19’s clinical course throughout hospitalization provides experiences for dealing with subsequent outbreaks, especially in patients with severe COVID-19 who get admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to evaluate the symptomatology of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom in the first to the fifth wave of coronavirus.

This study was a descriptive-analytical on all ICU admitted COVID-19 patients during different outbreaks of COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022. Demographic data, symptomology at admission, and COVID-19 history were recorded along with the intubation rate. Data were compared among 5 different peaks of the COVID-19 in the whole country.

Three-hundred sixty-nine patients were evaluated in this study. There was a significant difference between gender and hospitalization in the first to the fifth wave (P <0.005). In the first, second, and third waves, the frequency of hospitalization was higher in men than women, while reversed in the fourth and fifth waves. There was a significant difference between the first and fifth waves in terms of fever symptoms, loss of consciousness, headache, dizziness, chest pain, and lethargy (P <0.05). Respiratory distress was the most common symptom in the first to the fifth wave followed by chest pain, cough and fever were most common after respiratory distress.

diverse symptomatology in different waves of COVID-19 was found in our study, addressing the need for rapid clinical responses and policies specified for any new wave of outbreak.

Female infertility is a condition in which despite efforts over a year, they are unable to conceive. The present study was performed aimed to compare the effect of palm pollen herbal regimen (relying on the beneficial properties of date pollen for infertility treatment) with letrozole + tamoxifen drug regimen in the treatment of infertile women.

This double-blind clinical trial study was performed in 2019 on 128 infertile women living in Jahrom city. Subjects were divided into two groups: letrozole + tamoxifen drug regimen and palm pollen herbal regimen. The control group received the letrozole + tamoxifen infertility treatment regimen and the experimental group received a plant-based palm pollen diet in the form of 500 mg capsules 3 times daily from the third day of menstruation. The results were collected based on ultrasound and blood tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests at the significant level of P <0.05.

The number of follicles, follicle size, endometrial thickness, FSH and LH significantly increased in both control and test groups. But these increases were greater in the control group. However, the results of HCG - test showed that 14 cases (21.87%) in the control group and 10 cases (15.62%) in the experimental group were positive. While HCG - ß with twins was seen in only 4 cases (6.25%) in the experimental group; there were no cases of twins in the control group (P=0.15). There was no significant relationship between pregnancy status between the control and test groups (P> 0.05).

The consumption of palm pollen increases the number and size of follicles and endometrial thickness, although the increase in these factors was less than the group receiving letrozole + tamoxifen, but there was no difference between the two groups in success rate of clinical pregnancy, indicating that this drug combination has the capacity to conduct more extensive research for drug development.

While classic symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well known, monitoring symptoms with less frequency is critical for controlling COVID-19 transmission.

This study aimed to evaluate the association of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with nasal swab Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test positivity and high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in favor of COVID-19 in patients suspected of COVID-19 in Jahrom city.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 2519 COVID-19 suspected patients in Peymaniyeh Hospital, Jahrom city, from January 2020 to July 2020. In addition to nasal swab PCR test, diagnostic data, various clinical symptoms, and demographic data were gathered. Patients were categorized as having GI symptoms alone or with other COVID-19 symptoms or not having GI symptoms. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and Mantel-Cox log-rank analysis.

There were 59 patients with isolated GI ‎symptoms‎, 1694 without any GI ‎symptoms,‎ and 766 patients with GI symptoms ‎along with ‎other ‎symptoms. The average hospitalization length of patients without GI ‎symptoms was significantly higher than the other two groups (P< 0.001). The abnormal HRCT results were significantly higher among patients with Isolated GI ‎symptoms (P<0.001). Patients without GI symptoms were 1.7 (95% CI: 1.003-2.908, P: 0.049) times more likely to test positive for COVID-19 than those with isolated GI symptoms. Patients with isolated GI symptoms were less likely to be admitted to the ICU (95% CI: 0.174-0.987, P: 0.047).

Our study demonstrated distinct clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients based on the presence of GI symptoms. While patients who had isolated GI symptoms had more probability of lung involvement in CT scan results, the probability of being admitted to ICU is less likely in them.

More recently, the demand has been raised for application of segmental tunnel lining in long and deep tunnels in rock beds and also shallow tunnels in soft ground, particularly in urban areas. From technical and economic aspects, proper dimensioning and connecting of the segmental linings have always attracted the interest of many designers in the field of tunneling. The guiding rods are placed in the horizontal joints of the segment to make the segment easier to install and to provide shear strength at the joint. In this article, first, the types of joints in tunnel segments are studied and how the connections in these joints work are discussed. Next, the performance of the guiding rod is examined and the operation of the guide rod in the tunnel is investigated. For this purpose, the tunnel is first modeled with the real geotechnical conditions of the ground from the metro terminal to Abuzar town station in plaxis2D software and the values ​​of axial and shear forces in the tunnel structure are obtained. Based on the outputs of the plaxis2D model, the amount of shear strength borne by the cross section of the segment and the guide rod is presented. Abacus software is used to analyze the behavior of the guide bar and the output of this model shows that the solid and hollow guiding rods have linear behavior and the hollow guiding rod can also be used for this part of the tunnel route, which can effectively reduce construction costs.

Nausea and vomiting after surgery is a relatively common complication that despite advances in prevention and treatment is still the most problematic side effect observed in the recovery room and after surgery. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding dexmedetomidine and fentanyl to bupivacaine on nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing orthopedic lower extremity surgery with spinal anesthesia.

This randomized double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 40 patients aged 18 to 50 years with anesthesia classes (ASA I, II) who were candidates for lower limb orthopedic surgery (femur). Patients were randomly divided into two groups: 1: (12.5 mg bupivacaine (2.5 ccs) and 10 mg fentanyl) and group 2: (12.5 μg bupivacaine and 5 μg dexmedetomidine). At recovery times, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery; Patients' nausea and vomiting were assessed.

The results of the Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between the groups of bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine-fentanyl in terms of nausea and vomiting only 6 hours after surgery (P=0.034). At 6 hours postoperatively, the frequency of nausea and vomiting in patients in the bupivacaine-fentanyl group (50%) was higher than in the bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine group (25%).

Although in most minutes of the study, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of vomiting nausea, at 6 hours after surgery, there was a significant difference between the bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine-fentanyl groups in terms of nausea. In addition to its analgesic effects, dexmedetomidine appears to prevent nausea and vomiting in patients after surgery.

Due to the prevalence of new coronavirus in the world and Iran, access to reliable information about patients and the trend of disease outbreaks are necessary to control the disease at the community level, which is important by using systems Regular registration of patient information in the form of a register will be possible. In the present study, the translation and validation of the case registration form of patients with the new coronavirus (COVID-19) provided by the World Center for Disease Control and Prevention were performed.

In the present study, which is a study on the development of the executive scientific system, after translating the case registration form of patients with new coronavirus (COVID-19) to evaluate its reliability in a sample of 24 patients with new coronavirus methods Cronbach's alpha, Richardson's code and paired and individual correlation test were used. CVI and CVR determination was used to determine the content validity of the patient registration form based on the opinion of the panel of experts.

In the present study, the information of 24 patients admitted to the coronary ward of Peymanieh Hospital in Jahrom was recorded using the case registration form of patients with new coronavirus. In multiple-choice questions, Cronbach's alpha was higher than 0.7 and 0.735, which was appropriate. Correlation coefficients also showed high and proportional values. Richardson's Koder test also confirmed the reliability with a statistic of 0.718. All questions were in good validity according to the panel of experts, except for 4 questions that had a CVR of 0.2 and were removed according to the experts. The overall CVI was calculated to be 0.828, which is acceptable and appropriate.

In the present study, a localized form of case registration of new coronavirus patients was presented, which can help to create coherence in the patient information registration system.

Acute headache is one of the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) visits. Thisstudy aimed to compare the combination of propofol and granisetron with propofol and metoclopramide insymptom management of acute migraine headache.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial,60 adult patients with acute migraine headache who referred to ED were randomly divided into two groups ofpropofol + metoclopramide and propofol + granisetron. Pain and nausea/vomiting severity as well as bloodpressure were compared between groups 30, 45, and 60 minutes after treatment.

The two groups hadsimilar situation regarding mean age (p = 0.606), sex distribution (p = 0.793), baseline severity of pain (p = 0.642),frequency of nausea/vomiting (p = 0.488), and vital signs (p > 0.05). The severity of pain was similar in the twogroups 30 (p = 0.731), 45 (p = 0.460), and 60 (p = 0.712) minutes after treatment. The number of patients withresistant nausea and vomiting 60 minutes after treatment was significantly higher in metoclopramide group(30.0% versus 10.0%; p = 0.033). Diastolic pressure 60 minutes after treatment (81.43 ±8.94 vs. 74.97 ± 4.8; p= 0.001) and heart rate 30 minutes after treatment (68.87 ±6.52 vs. 73.57± 7.62; p = 0.013) had statistically sig-nificant differences between the groups.

The combination of propofol and granisetron was supe-rior to propofol and metoclopramide in case of controlling nausea and vomiting of cases with acute migraineheadache; meanwhile, no differences were observed in case of pain relief and hemodynamic status between thetwo groups.

COVID-19 has affected the pattern of referral to medical centers and quarantine against COVID-19 might delay referral and management of surgical emergencies. This study aimed to compare the pooledevent rate of pediatric perforated appendicitis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This wasa systematic review and meta-analysis study based on the PRISMA guidelines. Scopus, Web of Sciences, andPubMed databases were searched for studies reporting the rate of perforated appendicitis based on the post-appendectomy observations or imaging methods. The Egger bias test and funnel plot were used to detect anddepict publication bias. Statistical analysis was performed in Comprehensive Meta-analysis package version 3.

Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion in our study. The pooled prevalence of pediatric perforatedappendicitis in the pre-COVID era was 28.5% (CI95%: 28.3 to 28.7%) with a heterogeneity of 99%. In the COVIDera, the event rate proportion was 39.4% (CI95%: 36.6 to 42.3%) with a heterogeneity of 99%. There was a sig-nificant difference in the subgroup analysis within the pre-COVID and COVID era (P<0.001), showing a higherperforation rate in the COVID era.

Our study showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the rateof perforated appendicitis has significantly increased in comparison to before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Proper management of labor and proper anesthesia is very important in order to create pain relief and maintain the health of mother and fetus during cesarean section. Therefore, this study was performed aimed to compare the effect of adding pethidine to 0.5% bupivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine on pain intensity in women undergoing elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia referred to Motahhari Hospital.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed in 2021 on 60 patients undergoing elective cesarean section referred to Motahhari Hospital in Jahrom. Using the random number table, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: bupivacaine-pethidine and ropivacaine-pethidine. Patients' pain was assessed during entry into recovery, exit from recovery, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the surgery. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) and T-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no significant difference between pethidine + ropivacaine and pethidine + bupivacaine groups in terms of pain at different times (P> 0.05), pain intensity after cesarean section during recovery and postoperative periods (P >0.05), and opiate use in 12 hours after the surgery (P >0.05).

There was no significant difference between the groups of pethidine + ropivacaine and pethidine + bupivacaine in terms of pain intensity. The anesthesiologist can use either ropivacaine or bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia, depending on the patient's condition.

Ever since the new coronavirus has become the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has manifested with unknown and new presentations. In this report, we are presenting a 46-year-old female infected with COVID-19 (confirmed by RT-PCR nasal swab test) and a known case of Diabetes mellites type 2 who had a history of ICU admission due to COVID-19 with uncontrolled diabetes mellites. In the second admission after recovery, she had blurred vision. Fundus examination revealed multiple yellow-white well-demarcated nonpigmented masses. Diagnosis of the multiple subretinal abscesses was confirmed. KOH-Calcofluor staining of vitreous fluid was negative for fungal infections of the eye. No polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), epithelial cells nor any organisms were detected. The patient was treated with an injection of the intravitreal Amphotericin B 10 µg/0.1cc.  To our knowledge, the presented case is the first case of the subretinal abscess after covid-19 infection.

Satisfaction is one of the characteristics of hospital effectiveness and it is necessary to achieve it by respecting patients' rights. Due to the need for nurses to be aware of the Patient Bill of Rights, this study was conducted with the aim of systematically reviewing the level of nurses' awareness of the Patient Bill of Rights in studies conducted in Iran.

This is a systematic review. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the STROBE standard checklist. To review the preliminary studies of articles in Persian language databases; SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and English language databases Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus and Google Scholar search engine from January 2000 to January 2020. In order to access the full text of articles from Persian keywords; Patient rights, knowledge, nurses and their combination and the English keywords Patient, Awareness, Patient`s Right in Iran were used.

In the initial stage of research search, 569 studies were reviewed. The researchers then reviewed the searched articles and 553 studies were deleted due to not being relevant to the subject and duplication and lack of access to the full article. Finally, 16 studies were used to write this study. The highest level of patients 'awareness of the Charter of Patients' Rights was about privacy and the right to receive good health services. In most of the studies, there was only a significant relationship between work experience and nurses' knowledge. However, in most studies, there was no significant relationship between gender, age, marital status and level of education with nurses' knowledge.

The results of this study showed that the level of nurses' knowledge about the Charter of Patients' Rights is favorable in most studies and also there is a significant relationship between age and nurses' level of knowledge. Therefore, the implementation of respect for patients' rights in health centers, especially for hospital nurses seems to be essential. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this issue of hospital administrators and provide measures to implement it as well as possible.

Traditionally, logbooks are used as a tool to record and evaluate the activities of students, interns and medical assistants. The use of logbooks in the education of medical students has not been fully explored. In the present study, a systematic review of studies was conducted in the field of logbook in medical education.

The present study is a systematic review of the use of logbooks in medical education. Searching was conducted until January 1, 2021, in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases with keywords "logbook", "medical education", "residency", "practical training", "Medical students" and "Resident students". In the selected articles, authors' names, year of study, country, field of study, type of logbook, study design, study limit and general conclusion were extracted.

In the present study, out of 23 articles reviewed, 11 studies were included in qualitative synthesis.Variety of study methods prevented quantitative meta-analysis. The highest number of articles was done in surgical students (4 studies). Five of our studies reported the use of online logbooks. Seven studies examined the role of logbooks in student assessment. The rest of the studies examined the acceptability of the logbook for students and faculty. The main limitations acknowledged in the studies were the need for an observer to verify the information, the need for time and financial resources to properly implement the activity registration program, and the problems associated with data collection.

A review of studies showed that the field of research on the use of logbooks in medical education further refers to its concept in assessing student learning, which in most cases show its effectiveness. However, there are many differences between studies in terms of acceptability and reliability of data depending on the method of using logbooks.

COVID-19 induced cardiac events are reported by a large number of papers; while psychophysiology of association of the COVID-19 and cardiac attacks are not fully understood yet.

Here we compared gene expression levels of heart autopsies of SARS-Cov-2 infected patients with the cardiac organoid model of human myocardial infarction and control healthy cardiac organoids to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes were enriched in DEGs.

Results showed that smell perception genes were down-regulated in SARS-COV2 in comparison to myocardial infarction samples; while showing upregulated genes related to the immune system process in comparison to control healthy heart organoids. Our results are in agreement with theories of immune system reactions in COVID-19 infected patients’ hearts; while our analysis indicates different patterns of heart genes expression from myocardial infarction models.

our study suggests that there may be different pathways involved in MI appearance in COVID-19 patients rather than classic known atherosclerotic and inflammatory pathways.

The COVID-19 epidemic has severely affected the life of people around the world. Periods of stress and psychological distress caused by this pandemic can affect a woman's menstrual cycle. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on women's reproductive health. This narrative review was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of coronavirus on different aspects of each part of this axis and its relationship with women's health considering hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

In this narrative review study, the databases of Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase were searched using the keywords of "Female Reproductive System", "Hypothalamus", "Pituitary" and "Ovary" with the keywords of "COVID-19" and "SARS-COV-2" with a time limit from 2020 onwards. Then, the studies were summarized conceptually and the findings were categorized and interpreted in terms of the effect of coronavirus on the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary.

The potential neuronal invasion by the coronavirus could had led to its direct effect from the beginning to the end of this axis. Although more studies have examined the effect of COVID-19 on the regulation of sex hormones in women with COVID-19, most studies on the hypothalamic and pituitary axis have been based on genetic simulations.

Coronavirus can have a wide impact on all organs involved in the female reproductive system. Over time, our understanding of the possible effects of this disease on female fertility will increase.

Nausea and vomiting are common complaints of women in the first half of pregnancy. Several pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods have been suggested to prevent nausea and vomiting. Since pharmacological treatments are associated with side effects, this study was performed with aim to investigate non-pharmacological methods of controlling nausea and vomiting during pregnancy in Iran.

In this narrative or narrative review study, all the articles published in domestic Persian language journals were searched using the databases of SID, Magiran and Google Scholar search engines, and the use of Persian keywords of non-pharmacological methods, nausea, vomiting and pregnancy and a combination of these keywords between 2001 and 2021. In this study, only original and clinical trial studies were reviewed.

Among the searched 679 articles, 28 related articles which had all the information in the designed checklist were included in the study. Based on the results, several non-pharmacological methods including use of acupressure, Benson relaxation training, progressive muscle relaxation, Ottawa Nutrition Guide, Solar Soil Reflexology, Lemon Aromatherapy, Psychological counseling with a couple therapy approach, Family-centered Counseling, Telephone Support, and herbal remedies such as ginger, chamomile and cardamom were effective in treating pregnancy nausea and vomiting.

The present study showed good evidence for the effectiveness and safety of all methods used in the studies. It seems that all non-pharmacological methods of nausea and vomiting such as acupressure can be used as very easy methods in the treatment of pregnant women; however, the present study was not able to evaluate the preference of the proposed methods that health care providers can choose from the methods supported by previous evidence from clinical trial studies according to the available facilities and patient preferences.

To compare the characteristics of the emergency medical services (EMS) brought COVID-19 patients versus self-referred walk-in patients.

This was a Cross-sectional study of COVID-19 infected cases in Jahrom, south of Iran. Age, sex, the symptoms of beginning days’ passing, respiratory distress, PO2 at arrival, admission length and inhospital death were retrieved for confirming COVID-19 cases in the whole 2020 year. Respiratory distress was considered as the sign that agitates the patient to call EMS care. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the possible difference of the hospitalization outcome in EMS brought or Self-referred walk-in (SRW) patients.

There was 704 (27.1%) registries patients transfer to the hospital by EMS and 1895 (72.9%) cases with SRW referred to the hospital. The survival distributions for the EMS group were statistically significant and lower than SRW group (p <0.05). Despite the SRW patients, respiratory distress was associated with lower survival in EMS group (p <0.05). Days passing the symptom’s beginning was significantly different between EMS group (6.1±5.3 days) and SRW group (6.9±4.6 days). Cox regression showed higher mortality rate in patients higher than 75 years old in both groups (p <0.05). Higher PO2 at arrival was associated with lower mortality rate of Hazard Ratio of 0.959 (p <0.001) and 0.903 (p <0.001) in EMS and SRW groups, respectively. The history of heart disease and hypertension were associated with 1.011 and 1.088 times more than mortality risk in EMS group; while cancer history was associated with 2.74 times more of mortality risk in SRW group.

It seems that severe acute respiratory syndrome occurs soon in some patients that lead to the need for an ambulance to transfer the patient to the hospital. Therefore, EMS transfer patients should be considered for more risk of severe COVID-19; considering comorbidities of heart disease and hypertension as red flags.

COVID-19 pandemic can be considered an effective factor in increasing physical and psychological manifestations, especially anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of anxiety in patients with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This cross-sectional study was performed in Jahrom city in 2020 during the second wave of coronavirus in Iran. 191 patients with definite MS (multiple sclerosis) were included in the study by the census. Data collection tools included the demographic data questionnaire and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale.

The mean overall score of anxiety in patients with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jahrom was 8 out of 54. The mean score in the dimension of psychological symptoms was 6.4 and in the dimension of physical symptoms was 1.7 out of 27. These scores indicate that the level of anxiety in patients with MS is low.

Patients with MS in Jahrom city are in a good condition in terms of anxiety about COVID-19 disease; which can be a good indication of the low impact of pandemic conditions on the symptoms of patients with MS.

The present study aimed to investigate marital satisfaction in women referred to Gynecology Clinic in Jahrom City during the Covid 19 pandemic.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted on women in Jahrom City in 2020. Data collection was done by using ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS).

According to the results, the marital satisfaction of most of the subjects was high (49%) and19.1% were very satisfied with their marital status. There was a significant inverse relationship between marital satisfaction with duration of marriage (r = -0.156, p = 0.030). the number of children (r =-0.232,p =0.002) and income levels (F(4,175) = 2.560, p = 0.040).

The results showed that marital satisfaction is high among the women. Besides, the higher the education level, the opportunities for earning money and the economic status the couples benefit from, the more they are satisfied with their marital relationship.