nasim khosronejad
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Introduction
This study was to assess the effect of various output parameters of laser treatment on roughening the surface of a commercial nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy as compared to the sandblasting technique.
Materials and MethodsNinety-six disk-shaped (5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) specimens in total were made of a nickel-chromium alloy by using the lost-wax technique. Air-abrasion surface treatment was used for sixteen specimens. Specimens were divided into six groups; one of them was sandblasted and the rest were irradiated by different Nd:YAG laser output parameters as follows: Group A: energy: 122 mJ, frequency: 20 Hz, irradiation duration: 20 seconds, spot size: 1.5 mm; Group B: energy: 122 mJ, frequency: 20 Hz, irradiation duration: 20 seconds, spot size: 3.5 mm; Group C: energy: 122 mJ, frequency: 10 Hz, irradiation duration: 20 seconds, spot size: 3.5 mm; Group D: energy: 102 mJ, frequency: 10 Hz, irradiation duration: 20 seconds, spot size: 3 mm; Group E: energy: 102 mJ, frequency: 20 Hz, irradiation duration: 20 seconds, spot size: 3 mm. The surface roughness of all surface-treated specimens was evaluated by using a profilometer, and their average roughness (Ra) was calculated. The average value of each group was analyzed by t test and one-way ANOVA (SPSS 17).
ResultsSignificant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the study groups. The highest Ra was achieved for the sandblasted group. The Ra value in group C was the highest value among the laser-etched groups.
ConclusionBased on the results, Nd:YAG laser irradiation increases surface roughness, but it is not as efficient as the sandblasting method as a gold standard.
Keywords: Nd:YAG laser, Surface treatment, Surface roughness, Ni-Cr alloy -
IntroductionFailures might occur at metal‒porcelain interfaces as a problem with metal‒ceramic restorations even with the application of airborne-particle abrasion technique. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Nd:YAG laser treatment on the bond strength of porcelain fused to metal.MethodsTwenty-four cylindrical specimens (4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height) were made of a commercially available nickel‒chromium alloy by lost-wax technique. Half of the specimens were surface-treated by air-borne particles and the other half was irradiated with Nd:YAG laser beams (wavelength of 1064 nm, energy and frequency of 120 mJ and 10 Hz, respectively, and a power setting of 6 kW). All the specimens (air-abraded and laser-treated) were covered with a 4-mm layer of opaque porcelain in two-stage baking and subjected to shear bond strength test (a 10-kgf at 1 mm/min) until fracture occurred. A fractured specimen from each group was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. T-test was used for statistical analysis and statistical significance was set at PResultsShear bond strength was higher in the sandblasted group compared to the laser-etched group (PConclusionIt can be concluded that Nd:YAG laser irradiation increases the shear bond strength of Ni-Cr alloy to porcelain, but further studies should be carried out to evaluate the effect of different parameters of Nd:YAG laser treatment on shear bond strength.Keywords: Crowns, dental prosthesis, lasers, dental porcelain, nickel, chromium, beryllium alloy, aluminum oxide
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زمینه و هدفدر پاسخ به نیاز های زیبایی بیماران، استفاده از اباتمنت های سرامیکی گسترش یافته است. علی رغم زیبایی این اباتمنت ها، دقت ماشین کاری و تطابق آن ها همواره مورد سوال بوده است. هرگونه عدم تطابق در محل اتصال بین اباتمنت و ایمپلنت، درنهایت منجر به از دست دادن گشتاور و شل شدن پیچ اباتمنت می گردد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی و مقایسه میزان از دست دادن گشتاور اولیه در اباتمنت های زیرکونیاییmanually aided design/manually aided manufacture (MAD/MAM) و پیش ساخته تیتانیومی بود.
روش بررسیهفت عدد اباتمنت تیتانیومی (Branemark RP، Easy abutment) تهیه گردید. برای ساخت اباتمنت های سرامیکی، از تکنیک copy milling (MAD/MAM) استفاده شد و با دوپلیکیت کردن اباتمنت های تیتانیومی هفت عدد اباتمنت زیرکونیایی (ZirkonZahn، Sand in Taufers، Italy) تهیه شد. اباتمنت های هر دو گروه، ابتدا با گشتاور 35 Ncm بر روی مدل ایمپلنت محکم شدند و پس از 10 دقیقه مجددا گشتاور با همان مقدار اولیه، اعمال گردید. سپس اباتمنت ها با Torque controller باز شده و مقادیر عددی detorque را در هر نمونه توسط تورک متر دیجیتالی به صورت درصدی از گشتاور ابتدایی ثبت گردید. آنالیز آماری توسط t-test صورت گرفت.
یافته هامیانگین از دست دادن گشتاور در اباتمنت های از پیش ساخته 71/12 Ncm با انحراف معیار 70/1 و برای اباتمنت های سرامیکی MAD-MAM، 50/15 Ncm با انحراف معیار 67/4 بود که از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی داری بین دو گروه وجود نداشت (23/0P=).
نتیجه گیریباتوجه به محدودیت های این مطالعه، می توان نتیجه گرفت که بین میزان detorque در اباتمنت های سرامیکی از نوع MAD/MAM و تیتانیومی تفاوتی وجود ندارد.
کلید واژگان: از دست دادن گشتاور, اباتمنت زیرکونیا, اباتمنت تیتانیومیBackground And AimsIn response to esthetic demand of patients, ceramic abutments have been developed. Despite esthetic of zirconia abutments, machining accuracy of these abutments has always been a question. Any misfit in the abutment-implant interface connection can lead to detorque and screw loosening. The aim of this study was to compare torque loss value of manually aided design/manually aided manufacture (MAD/MAM) zirconia abutments with prefabricated titanium abutments.Materials And MethodsSeven titanium abutments (Branemark RP, Easy abutment) and seven copy milled abutments which were duplicated from the prefabricated Zirkonzhan (ZirkonZahn, Sand in Taufers, Italy) were prepared. After sintering process of zirconia abutment, all abutments were fastened with a torque screw under 35 Ncm. Detorque measurements were performed per group pushing the reverse button of the Torque controller soon after screw tightening with values registered. The mean torque loss were calculated and compared using Student's t test.ResultsThe mean of torque loss was 12.71 Ncm with standard deviation of 1.70 for prefabricated titanium abutments and 15.50 Ncm with standard deviation of 4.67 for MAD-MAM abutments. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P=0.23).ConclusionWithin the limitation of this study, MAD-MAM ceramic abutments could maintain the applied torque comparing to the prefabricated abutments.Keywords: Torque loss, Zirconia abutment, Titanium abutment
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