فهرست مطالب nasim rahimi

In this study, Cu and Cu-Co films were prepared using DC Magnetron sputtering system on silicon substrates. Any increase in the roughness and thickness of films would intensify the scattering of the sputtered atoms and consequently, the atoms would lose enough time to find the lowest energy required by each nanoparticle (NP). The height changes on the surface of the scanned films are indicative of the topological phase of the films. According to the results, the films were not smooth that made them undergo a second phase change. The address layer and thickness changes did not have much effect on the degree of isolation. For this reason, the graphs demonstrated close and identical results. All samples display strong light absorption over the entire spectral range, suggesting that they could bide all light-absorber materials. At the peak of approximately 2.7, the cross-point of d(⍺hν)/d(hν) curves yielded optical band gap (Eg) values of 2.68 eV, 2.76 eV, 2.85 eV, and 2.73 eV corresponding to the Samples 1 to 4, respectively. The optical conductivity of the films increased upon increasing the energy. The SEM images confirmed that the obtained cobalt nanocrystals was approximately spherical in shape with an average diameter less than 80 nm.

Meat and dairy products from ruminants are the main source of vaccenic acid (VA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in human nutrition. In particular, the isomer of cis-9, trans-11 CLA is active in the prevention of cancer and atherosclerosis in human (Belury, 2002). CLA is partially synthesized in the rumen by cellulolytic bacteria, and mainly by Butyrivibrio spp. during the biohydrogenation (BH) of linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12 C18:2, LA). However, the largest proportion of CLA present in milk is endogenously produced in the mammary gland by the action of the enzyme Δ9-desaturase on vaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1, VA), which is another product of the ruminal BH (Jenkins et al., 2008; Shingfield et al., 2013). In the last decade several efforts have been made in order to develop efficient enrichment strategies of VA and CLA in ruminant products (Shingfield et al., 2013). The main strategy to enhance these beneficial fatty acids (FAs) content in food is manipulating ruminant feeding and modulating rumen BH. Tannins are phenolic compounds that are chemically classified as hydrolysable (HT) or condensed (CT). Tannins extracted from chestnut and oak are HT and those extracted from quebracho are an example of CT (Waghorn, 2008). Tannic acid (TA) is a commercial HT. Tannins have been reported to modify ruminal fermentation by inhibiting ammonia and methane production (Carulla et al., 2005) partially by their ability to form complexes with dietary protein and fiber (Waghorn, 2008). It is widely known and accepted that tannins are able to bind proteins and inhibit the growth of ruminal bacteria (Min et al., 2003). Concerning lipid metabolism, tannins were shown to inhibit Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (Jones et al., 1994), one of the bacterial species known to be a major microbial species involved in ruminal BH (Jenkins et al., 2008). In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that feeding tannins to ruminants can favourably alter ruminal BH of dietary linoleic acid, enhancing accumulation of VA in the rumen and thereby the content of some human health promoting FAs, such as VA and CLA in dairy or meat products. However, reports on impacts of these phenolic compounds are very limited and inconsistent. The main objective of the present study was to verify whether the TA inhibit the ruminal BH of diet containing extruded soybean seeds in vitro and whether there is a dose-dependent effect of TA.

Basal diet formulated to contain high concentrate to forage ratio (58.2:41.8) and extruded soybeans as unsaturated FA source. Experimental treatments consisted of control (C; without additive), 0.1 mg/L of monensin (M), 250 mg/L of tannic acid (TA1), 500 mg/L of tannic acid (TA2) and 750 mg/L of tannic acid (TA3). Sample of basal diet was dried at 60°C in a forced air oven for 48 h, ground to pass through a 1-mm screen using a Wiley mill. The rumen fluid was collected from two Holstein cows fed alfalfa a mixture of hay and wheat straw (700:300 g/kg on a DM basis) ad libitum. Ruminal fluid was filtered through four layers of cheese cloth and transferred quickly to the laboratory in anaerobic condition at 39° C and was continuously purged with oxygen free CO2 to ensure anaerobic conditions. The buffer solution was prepared according to Makkar et al. (1995) procedure and mixed with rumen fluid as 3:1 (v/v). Incubation was carried out in 150 mL bottles containing 200 mg of the basal diet and 40 mL of buffered rumen fluid. Gas production (GP) after 24 h incubation, ruminal volatile FA (VFA), ammonia-N and pH and FA profile were measured.

The results showed that gas production (GP) and ruminal fluid concentration of ammonia-N and volatile fatty acid (VFA) were not affected by additives (P > 0.05). Alipanahi el al. (2019) reported no effect of oak acorn (HT source) on ruminal pH and VFA concentration in lactating does. The capacity and trend of tannins to bind to specific proteins may be dependent on the type of protein (Gonzalez et al., 2002). In our experiment, it was expected to reduce ruminal ammonia-N concentrations by TA. The lack of effect of TA on ruminal ammonia-N may be related to the type of protein source and processing method. In the current experiment, we used extruded soybeans, which may loss its natural structure to bind to TA. Ruminal fluid C10:0 to C14:0 concentrations decreased and C16:0 increased by TA (P < 0.05). The M and TA1 treatments had lower ruminal fluid C18:0 concentration compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). The highest trans-11 C18:1 (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were observed in M treatment (P < 0.05). Ruminal fluid unsaturated (USFA) and long-chain (LCFA) fatty acid concentrations were increased in TA2 compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). Vasta et al (2009) reported higher VA and lower stearic acid concentrations by different sources of tannin on in vitro study, but concentrations of CLA isomers were not affected. They concluded that tannins prevented BH of USFA by inhibiting the microorganisms. Similar to our results, feeding diet containing oak acorn (as a source of HT) increased and decreased USFA and SFA concentrations in does milk fat, respectively (Alipanahi et al., 2019).

Our results confirmed that addition of TA to a diet containing extruded soybean seeds can modify BH pathways without any negative effect on ruminal fermentation. Consequently, TA has potential to enhance beneficial FA in ruminant products, although more researches need to confirm these results.

objective of the study forecast psychological stubbornness, according to the distinction and tolerance towards failure in the elderly. method This research is a description of the kind of solidarity. all the elderly statistical community over the 06 years, under the cover of the social security directorate Kermanshah city. also statistics sample using the method of sampling is available to 591 the number of elderly people were selected. the tools used in this study Ahwaz psychological questionnaire tenacity, ÇӘæÑæä and ÝÑیÏáäÏÑ towards 5991 (and) harrington failure (5661) to bear. Findings using Pearson regression method and the Multivariate showed that stubbornly elderly between psychological and significant relationship exists. between tolerance with failure psychological seniors, there is a significant positive relationship. bear variables, ÊãÇیÒیÇÝʐی failure in the field of commingling with and others in the field of emotional reactivity, respectively, forecasters are elderly psychological tenacity.

There are many patients awaiting liver transplantation withonly few donors providing the organ. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (CTP) and the Model for End stage Liver Disease (MELD) are the most common scores for prioritizingpatients on waiting lists. In this study, we compared the ability of these scores to predict mortalityor removal from the waiting list due to poor medical conditions. A total of257 patients were included in our study and we observed their status in the waiting list overa 9-month period. MELD and CTP of the patients at the time of listing were calculated. We used both ROC-curve and Area Under the Curve (AUC) to calculate the predictive ability of these scores. During follow up, 22 patients died and 9 patients were removed from the waiting list due to poor medical conditions. Comparing the predictive ability of CTP and MELD, the AUC for CTP was larger than that of MELD (0.75 versus 0.69; P-value = 0.065). The best cutoff point for discriminating mortality or removal from the waiting list due to severe deterioration is 8 for CTP and 13.67 for MELD. The sensitivity and specificity was 0.74 and 0.67, respectively for CTP and 0.74 and 0.58, respectively for MELD. The CTP score can predict mortality or removal from the liver transplantation waiting list better than the MELD overa 9-month period. However, better improved models need to be developed for prioritization of patients in the waiting list.