فهرست مطالب nasrin mohamad hasani

Design thinking is a participatory problem-solving approach with a human-centered approach that enhances innovation by enhancing learners' creative thinking abilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of design thinking and review models of design thinking by collecting, evaluating and systematically reviewing articles related to this topic. In this study, the databases of Eric, Science Direct, Tyler, Francis, and Spearinger were searched, and all articles indexed in their databases from 2000 to 2020 were collected in English. After searching the databases, 1263 articles were obtained. After reading the abstracts and the initial review, the full version of 58 articles was prepared and reviewed. In the manual search that was done through the sources of articles, 5 sources were added according to the nature of design thinking, 3 reference sites for model presentation and 3 books. From 58 existing articles, related articles were selected and evaluated according to casp evaluation criteria, and finally 36 articles were analyzed and reviewed. According to the obtained studies, studies in three groups: 1- Articles that have provided a new definition of design thinking. 2- They have presented new models. 3- Models have been used in the implementation of the plan; Was divided and evaluated

Due to the usability of the work and technology curriculum in life, as well as its important role in motivating and aspiring to jobs in society and helping to choose a field, the country's educational system has paid special attention to the work and technology curriculum. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively review the challenges and strengths of the work and technology curriculum and strategies to improve the implementation of the work and technology curriculum.

For this purpose, the phenomenographic method was used. Targeted sampling method with snowball technique was available for experts and targeted teachers, number of participants according to data saturation 6 experts; 25 teachers were selected. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using a 7-step clays method. To validate the data strategies such as data collection triangulation; Interviewees' reviews of the impressions and codings and the review of the collaborating researchers and the agreement between the researcher and the participants in the research were used.

Research results in three sections: challenges and obstacles to implementation; The strengths of the work and technology curriculum and the proposed solutions to improve this were obtained from the perspective of experts and teachers.

Findings were obtained from the perspective of teachers and experts that the challenges and obstacles to the implementation of work and technology course include five themes "limitation, teacher, content relevance, comprehensive evaluation system, social factors" with eleven sub-themes "facilities, financial resources, physical space , Time, specialized teacher, skill category (knowledge enhancement), disproportion to the need, imbalance in content, weakness in the implementation of evaluation, lack of cultural background, low status and value of work and technology among officials "and the strengths of the two "Technical aspect, knowledge-building" and five sub-themes "entrepreneurship, appropriate academic guidance, creativity, craftsmanship, general skills" and in the solutions two themes "improving curriculum elements, motivating" and six sub-themes "content, evaluation" "Facilities, hidden curriculum, communication channels, salaries and benefits.”