فهرست مطالب nasrin shirmohammadi

Over the past decade, Iranian households have experienced a decline in dairy product consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the population-attributable risk of prevalent non-communicable diseases related to dairy product consumption.

This cross-sectional analytical study involved 628 adults over 18 years old in Hamadan City in 2021. Clusters were selected based on comprehensive urban health centers. The standardized Iranian version of the food frequency questionnaire was used. Participants were categorized into 3 levels of dairy product consumption: >1 serving per day, 1–2 servings per day, and ≥3 servings per day.

The mean age of the 628 participants was 38.05 (SD: 12.5), with 42.36% being male. Cheese (54.5%), yogurt (39.7%), and milk (30.4%) were consumed most frequently. The prevalence of insufficient dairy product consumption was 48.6%, higher than that reported in previous studies. Insufficient dairy product consumption was associated with hypertension (9.3%), cardiovascular disease (5.6%), and osteoporosis (5.1%).

Individuals with lower education levels, female gender, lowest quartile of socioeconomic status, and those diagnosed with cardiovascular disease were more likely to have insufficient dairy product consumption. Insufficient dairy product consumption was associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.

MusculoSkeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common problems of students which if not prevented and treated can lead to physical and psychosocial disorders.The aim of this study was to compare MSDs in two groups of students with special needs who suffering from low vision and hearing impairment.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with of 62 students aged between 10-15 years old in Hamadan in 2019-2020 . Of these participants, 32 students living with hearing impairment and 30 students living with low visions. Demographic questionnaires and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders were used to collect data. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyse data through two-sample independent t-test,  chi- square test and logestic regression.

Tottaly 62 students took part in the study. The mean age of Low Vision Students( LVS) and Hearing Impairment Students (HIS) was 12.101.47± and 12.47± 1.64 years respectively. Of all students with low vision 10 individual (33.3%) and of all students with hearing impaiement 10 individuals (31.3%)  were suffering from MSDs. The most MSD affected areas in HIS was lumbar (15.6%) and in LVS was shoulder (16.7%). The results showed that MSDs did not differ significantly between the two groups of LVS and HIS (P> 0.05).

This study showed that at least one-third of LVS and HIS suffered from MSDs.   The need for therapeutic and educational strategies in the field of ergonomics interventional program for health promoting  of these students with special needs should be considered.

The Full Outline of Un-Responsiveness (FOUR) scale is a tool to assess the consciousness level in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICU). The validity and reliability of this scale can be affected by distorting factors, such as social, cultural, biological, and physiological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the standardization of the FOUR scale to assess the consciousness level of the patients based on demographic characteristics in the Iranian population.

This experimental cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 patients hospitalized in the ICU. The FOUR scale was used to determine the consciousness level of the patients. Reliability, internal consistency, as well as correlations between the scales were estimated using Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown formula. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16.0) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

According to the results, the internal consistency values of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and FOUR scale were estimated at 0.943 and 0.889, respectively, using Cronbach's alpha. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the FOUR scale and GCS (r=0.948, P=0.001).  Furthermore, the sum of sensitivity and specificity of the total score of the FOUR scale and GCS were obtained at 5 (sensitivity=0.72; specificity=31.43) and 7 (sensitivity=0.68; specificity=0.3714), respectively. In addition, the Area under the ROC Curve value in predicting in-hospital mortality for the FOUR scale was 0.491 (P=0.910 and 95% CI: 0.338-0.645), while it was obtained at 0.527 (P=0.725 and 95% CI: 0.374-0.679) for the GCS.

The results revealed that the GCS could be used as a standard scale to assess the consciousness level of the patients. The FOUR scale and GCS have similar benefits, and the former is a valuable tool to assess the consciousness level due to the combination of eye and motor components. Therefore, GCS could be used as substitute for the FOUR scale.

Despite substantial advances in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD),the environmental risk factors have not yet been well understood. The present study investigated theassociation between ASD, and maternal and perinatal risk factors. This matched, case-control study was conducted in Hamadan, the west of Iran, fromNovember 2015 to May 2016. We enrolled 41 children with ASD aged 3-17 years. We selected fourcontrols per one case from the same hospital where patients were born. Controls were separatelymatched with cases for sex, age, and birth year. We compared 41 ASD cases with 164 controls. After adjusting the odds ratio (95% CI),ASD was significantly associated with third-degree relatives consanguinity [3.29 (1.39, 7.75)], shortbirth length [4.99 (1.15, 21.60)], short head circumference [7.87 (1.48, 41.76), respiratory distresssyndrome at birth 3.97 (1.91, 8.22)], respiratory assistance at birth [2.92 (1.39, 6.10)], birth hypoxia[2.85 (1.35, 5.99)], and low 1-minute Apgar score [3.65 (1.04, 12.75)]. Our findings suggest that ASD may be associated with multiple maternal and perinatalrisk factors. Evidence based on large prospective multicenter cohort studies is required to indicate theimpacts of maternal and perinatal exposures.

The identifying incidence rate trend of disease and its changes lead to update response of surveillance system. Syndromic surveillance system is based on the suspected cases, so it has high speed in detecting outbreaks. This study aimed to evaluate trend of fever and rash incidence rates and detect affecting factors.

This study was a retrospective cohort study and the data included the suspected measles cases in provinces of Iran in 1977-2012, which extracted from surveillance system of vaccine preventable diseases. We fitted Poisson and Negative-Binomial regression models with random effect. Modeling and inferences were based on a Bayesian algorithm. We used R and OpenBUGS software. The fitted models were compared based on Deviance and Chi-square goodness of fit statistics.

Interaction effect between year and immunization campaign was statistically significant (95% CrI:1.083,1.737), after immunization campaign, trend was increasing. The variance of random component in model was statistically significant (95% CrI: 0.219,0.430). On the other hand, province-specific characterizes found affecting factor on suspected incidence rate.

In attention to increasing trend of this incidence in Iran, especially in recently years, and affecting of province-specific characterizes on suspected incidence rate, We found that more accurate control and improvement of quality vaccination is essential