nazi mohammadzadeh asl

This study examines the effect of renewable energy consumption on the ISEW in selected countries, Using the fixed effects model and multivariate panel model from 1990 to 2020 by providing BISEW that includes economic variables and an environmental component; Pays and then ranks. The relationship between energy and growth and welfare for selected countries is that after static analysis of variables; Cao method and Dickey-Fuller statistics were used for co-integration and Granger causality to determine the direction of the relationship. In addition to per capita energy consumption and renewable energy production, the variables; Gross fixed capital formation (percentage of GDP); work force; Per capita emission index of pollutants (carbon dioxide emissions) as an index of environmental constraints; Capital leases; Degree of commercial openness; Is used. Next, examine the relationship between energy and growth by replacing GDP with the BISEW and analyzing the results; We rank the selected countries. The results showed that renewable energy in developed countries has a positive impact and share in total energy and ISEW; On the other hand, in developed countries; Renewable energy is unilaterally effective in improving the quality of the environment. In developing countries per capita increase in energy consumption except renewable (fossil); It has an impact on sustainable economic growth and there is a two-way relationship between energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the ranking discussion it was identified; South Korea (developed) and UAE are the most stable economies and the Italy and Angola are the least economically stable.

This study examines the impact of renewable energy consumption on the sustainable economic growth index (As a measure of the welfare of developing countries in the current situation) in twenty developing countries; Using the fixed effects model and multivariate panel model from 1990 to 2018 by providing a basic index for sustainable economic growth that includes economic variables and an environmental component; Pays and then ranks. After static analysis of variables; Cao method for co-accumulation and Granger causality were used to determine the direction of the relationship. In addition to per capita energy consumption and renewable energy production, the variables; Gross per capita gross fixed capital formation (percentage of GDP); work force; Per capita emission index of pollutants as an index of environmental constraints; Capital leases; Degree of commercial openness; Is used. The results showed that the increase in per capita energy consumption, except for renewable energy; It has an impact on sustainable economic growth and there is a two-way relationship between energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the ranking discussion it was identified; The UAE has the highest and Nigeria the lowest sustainable economic growth.

Governmental debts mean income reduction and increase of government expenditures with impression on household disposable income that influence on their consumption. This impact, in some cases has expansion positive effects and in some other cases, reduces consumption, investment and economic growth and other values. The main aim of this paper is to study the linear and non-linear relations between consumption of private sector and government debts in Iran. For this purpose, the period between 1358-1395 years was considered and after confirmation of non-linear relation, government debt threshold was achieved by Smooth Transition Regression method . Results show that in the considered time period, the average government debt to GDP was around 60%, but threshold was estimated 46%. In other words, passing threshold causes by increasing government debts and probability of government inability to debts repayment, consumption of private sector will be reduced indirectly. So Policy makers in Iran cannot leverage government debt as a positive expansion in Iran's economy.

One of the most important subjects in the field of industry and education is identification and isolation of the return of investment in research and development and its impact on economic growth. Since the cost of this type of investment is usually high, policymakers want to make sure that it is the real return and how it can be measured. In this study, the main goal is to investigate the effects of indirect R & D on economic growth in countries. To this end, we use regression quintiles model. Results show there is significant and positive relationship between spending on R & D and innovation as well as inventions and costs of training with GDP in high income and upper middle income countries. Also in high income countries, the higher the level of income of a country, human capital, human resource training, and the amount of inventions, play a greater role in explaining their output growth compared to labor and physical capital. While in upper middle income countries, physical capital still plays a major role in GDP growth.

So far as the economic indices are concerned the results of becoming global in some countries show a situation in which the dread of globalization on one hand and the opportunities it may bring about on the other have left the developing countries in a state of ambiguity.In this paper, we explain the effect of globalization on economic growth. For this purpose we choose some developing countries in two groups: more global and less global.We use a panel data model (1980 -2006) with variables that influence the growth. The results demonstrate the role of variables which are determinant in globalization process such as: Economic Security, economy openness and FDI.

This article reviews the importance of foreign direct investment and examines factors affecting its flow into developing countries APanel Data technique is employed to estimate the empirical models to explain the relevant factors affecting the FDI into developing countries. Time span covers 1994-7442for 77developing countries. The results indicate that factors such as interest rate, domestic investment, size of government growth in foreign exchange earnings and soci-economic condition of the countries are the most important variables affecting the FDI into developing countries.

This article aims to examine the effects of globalization and e-Commerce on economic growth in developing countries. A Panel Data technique is employed to estimate the empirical models using the data over the period 1990-2005. The countries studied in the paper are classified into two income groups, upper middle income and lower middle income.The results show that e–Commerce has a significant and positive effect on economic growth in upper middle income group while the coefficient of globalization index is statistically insignificant. However,e- Commerce and globalization index have significant and positive effects on economic growth in lower middle income group.

This paper investigates the effects of globalization on economic growth in developing countries. In this regard, developing countries are categorized in two groups: more globalize and less globalize. Using the data over the period 1980-2003, a panel data model is employed to estimate the effects of globalization indicators. An endogenous growth model is specified to include globalization indicators such as foreign direct investment, openness, and economic Security. The results confirm the significant role of variables such as economic security, openness, and macroeconomics policy on economic growth during the globalization process.