nazila nejaddadgar

Play therapy is an intelligent tool in cognitive–behavioral therapies. In today’s world, the Internet and technology play a key role in all aspects of people’s life including mental health. The present study explores the feasibility of using Internet‑assisted play therapy to solve children’s psychological issues in primary healthcare systems.

The present qualitative research was conducted by the content analysis approach on 20 experts working in the healthcare centers, who were selected purposefully. The sample was saturated with these 20 participants. Data were collected through semi‑structured interviews and were coded manually. Then, they were analyzed in the Atlas.ti software package.

The results revealed 15 themes and 10 sub‑themes. The themes included (1) safety, (2) efficiency, (3) client‑orientedness, (4) organizational growth, (5) time, (6) effectiveness, (7) justice‑orientedness, (8) access, (9) feedback, (10) analysis, (11) children’s computer game room, (12) reward, (13) group game, and (14) capability to be integrated into other electronic programs.

It seems that Internet‑based play therapy is plausible to be used as a service in primary healthcare to tackle the psychological problems of children in the target population if the challenges related to the exploratory themes are taken care of.

Nowadays, schoolbags are considered to be resulted in musculoskeletal discomforts among students. This study set out to determine this health problem due to carrying school bag in students studying in high schools of Ardabil, Iran.

This study was carried out among adolescent students in Ardabil city, Iran, in 2019. To collect data a socio-demographic questionnaire was used to complete demographic variables. Furthermore, standard scales were applied to measure weight and height of the students as well as weight of their school backpack. All data entered into the SPSS statistical software and analysed through descriptive analysis tests to determine the status of backpack among secondary high school students in Ardabil, Iran.

A total of 474 adolescent students with mean age of (13.51±1.13 years) were assessed in this study. According the findings, more than half of studied students used backpack while going to school. This study revealed the mean weight of studied students and their backpacks were 52.38 ± 12.34 kg and 3.57± 1.18kg respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) was found to be 23.56. ± 6.84. The average weight of the backpack of first-year students was 3.45±1.25 kg, in second-year students, it was 3.55± 1.08 kg, and in third-year students, it was 3.69±1.21 kg.

As most of adolescent students used backpack in the way to school , complying with standard rules of backpack use is strongly recommended.

According to the statute of the World Health Organization (WHO), health is considered as an individual and social value, and one of the most obvious human rights and needs. The carriage of heavy schoolbags by children is a concern for all those involved in student health and well-being. Backpacks are the most commonly used type of bag, and overweight backpacks are associated with several health issues, including increased spinal curvature, discomfort, and back and shoulder pain while the majority of students were carrying as much as 30% to 40% of their body weight. In this way posture modifications have been reported when children carry a load that corresponds to more than 10% of their body .
In addition Items carried by students in their daily school bags have been found to include, but are not limited to books, pencil cases, scientific calculators, and sport-specific training clothing,  lunch boxes and full water bottles. Even an empty backpack can distort posture and cause pain. There is no way to safely carry weight in a backpack, no matter how light the load, because it disrupts our body mechanics by design .

Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases with significant complications throughout the world. One of the strategies for controlling the complications of diabetes is to improve the patient's self-care and involvement in the treatment process. Regarding this, the present study aimed to determine the educational need assessment for the prioritization of the interventions targeted toward the improvement of patient's involvement and self-care using the PRECEDE Model in Ardabil, Iran, in 2016.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 129 patients with type II diabetes mellitus referring to the Ardabil Diabetes Clinic. The study population was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collection tools included the demographic form, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), and a researcher-made checklist based on the PRECEDE model components. The data were analyzed in SPSS, version 16.
According to the results, the patients had an undesirable level of awareness regarding the disease side-effects, symptoms, adherence to diet, and physical activity. The patient's demands included the increased access to educational classes, sports venues, and free nutrition consultant. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the self-care behaviors and education level. Self-efficacy was identified to be the most important predictor of self-car behavior.
As the findings indicated, the implementation of need assessment before the execution of any self-care educational interventions could help the planners to identify the effective priorities in the process of designing and administering the educational interventions and act purposefully in this regard.

Diabetes is one of the most common and no communicable diseases associated with major complications. Patient participation in the process of therapy is one of the effective factorsin controlling the diabetes complications, as well as improving their quality of life and treatment efficacy. This study aimed to analyzethe self-care behaviors and their related factorsin patients with type II diabetes.
This descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional cohort study was conducted by census method on 129 patients withtype II diabetes referred to the Ardabil Diabetic Clinic, Ardabil, Iran, during 2016. Data were collectedusinga demographic form and Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) scale, which determines the self-care behaviors during thepast week. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation tests, Chi-squared, and t-test were run in SPSS, version 16.
In this study, out of the 129 included diabetic patients, 64(49.6%) and 65(50.4%) subjects were male and female, respectively. Their mean age was 56.82 years and 63.56% of them were affected by at least one other chronic disease. The self-care score of 46.5% of the patients was reported to beaverage. The self-care behaviors were significantly correlated with the level of income (p=0/001), age (p=0/004), and marital status (p=0/001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between several self-care components (e.g.,regular blood glucose monitoring, diet and medicationcompliance, and foot care).
Given the fact that the majority of thediabetic patients had an average score of self-care,regular, purposeful, and model-based educational interventions are recommended to identify behavioral barriers and promote self-care.

Health Literacy is the capacity of individuals to obtain process and understand basic health information and services needed to make healthy decisions .Therefore, this study was designed to determine health literacy of Middle-aged in Ardabil.
This Cross-Sectional study was conducted on 1049 adults aged 20-60 years attending referred Ardabil health centers in 2015. Data collecting tool was Iranian health literacy questionnaire. Data was analyzed by correlation tests, Chi-square, T-test and linear regression using SPSS (16).
Mean age participants were 39.59±14.1 years. 56.4 percent (n=65) were females. Most participants had Diploma and postgraduate Diploma. Participants had a weak level to access information (76.3%), moderate level in perceive data (59.9%), moderate level in judgment (57.8) and level moderate in use of information (75.1%).
Overall, there was moderate health literacy in Middle-aged. It seems necessary training programs be designed according to the needs of Middle-aged with low health literacy.

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic progressive disease disturbing cognitive, perceptual and behavioral functioning of elderly and affects their quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness and performance of elderly referred to health centers of Tehran 6th district in regard to Alzheimer's disease and its prevention. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study in which the awareness and performance of 363 elderly visiting the health centers of Tehran 6th district in regard to Alzheimer's disease was evaluated. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire including 28 questions. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated and the questionnaires were completed by trained persons. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistical methods and through SPSS16 software. Mean age of subjects was 69.7 (SD=7.1) years. From all, 201 ones (55.4%) had the necessary knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease and its prevention and 105 ones (28.9%) had good preventive behavior. Mean score of preventive behavior was 1.0 (SD=0.9) in males and 1.3 (SD=1.2) in females that shows significant difference between the two sexes. Based on the obtained results that show inadequate performance of subjects, implementing health educational programs is necessary to improve the performance of elderly in control of Alzheimer’s disease.

Healthy behaviors in Alzheimer prevention among at risk are very important. This study aimed to assess the effect of educational program based on Health Belief Model on adopting preventive behaviors in Alzheimer among elders under covering Ardebil health care setting. This was a quasi-experimental study which was conducted in 2013 among 148 elders who divided into two groups using random allocation sampling method using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Blended educational program was performed some educational strategies such as lecture, group discussion and face to face approach of during three sessions and telephone recall during 6 months. Data collection was conducted in two stages, before and 6 months after the program in the two groups separately. SPSS software version 16 was used for analyzing the collected data. The significant level was considered at less than 0.05. Mean age of participants were 68/9±7.9 and 68/8±7/6 years in intervention and control groups respectively. There was no significant difference between perceived threatening, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, Cues to Action and performance before intervention (p>0.05). But after educational intervention these changes was significant (p<0.001). Mean score of knowledge and model constructions had increase significantly (p<0.001).Also, mean score of performance had increasing significantly (p<0.001). study results revealed effectiveness of HBM in adopting preventive behaviors among elders about Alzheimer. It has been suggested that intervention program based on HBM usage in other health care setting.