neda dolatkhah

Pregnancy-related back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders during pregnancy. In some women, pregnancy-related back pain can be the beginning of chronic back pain for the rest of life and the cause of subsequent problems and disabilities. This study was performed with aim to systematically review the effectiveness of conservative management and physical therapy modalities in pregnancy-related low back pain and pelvic girdle pain.

A search was done in Persian language databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Iran Medex and the English-language EMBASE, including Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) and MEDLINE (Pubmed) without time limitation until September 2022 using the keywords included (“Pregnancy” OR “Postnatal Care”) AND (“Pelvic Girdle Pain” OR “low back pain” OR “Lower Back Pain” OR “Low Back Ache”) AND (“Conservative Management” OR “Self-management” OR “Complementary Medicine” OR “Alternative Medicine” OR “Alternative Therapy” OR “Physical Therapy” OR “Kinesio Tape” OR “Acupuncture” OR “Manual Therapy” OR “Muscle Training” OR “Cupping Treatment” OR “Cupping Therapy” OR “Cupping Treatment” OR “Acupressure” OR “Massage Therapy” OR “Belt” OR “Physical Activity” OR “Aquatic Therapy” OR “Hydrotherapy” OR “Exercise Therapy” ). The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies.

Eighty-six articles entered the final results. Ergonomic training and low and moderate-intensity exercises lead to pain relief and functional improvement in pregnancy-related back or pelvic girdle pain sufferers. Local and auricular acupuncture, Kinesio taping, and modified belts separately or in combination with other methods lead to pain relief and improved performance.

Clinicians can recommend conservative multidisciplinary management combining ergonomic training and exercise with acupuncture, Kinesio taping, and belts to manage pregnancy-related back and pelvic girdle pain. Care should be taken in choosing other interventions due to the lack of evidence.

Breast cancer (BC) was the most common cancer in Iran, accounting for 12.9% of all incident cancer, and was the 5th leading cause of cancer death in 2020. The latest age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of breast cancer was 35.8 in Iran and is expected to increase to more than 70 per 100,000 by the end of 2030. Incidence of breast cancer had a clustering pattern in Iran, while central provinces had the highest ASIR (72 per 100,000 population), and South East provinces had the lowest ASIR (5-11 per 100,000 population). Numerous studies have shown that the peak incidence of breast cancer was occurred in the age group of 40-49 years in Iran. There has also been reported a rapid increase in the incidence in young women from different regions of the country. Known molecular and cellular processes involved in the development of breast cancer in Iranian BCs have been reported from various studies in recent decades, and the most well-known and prominent genes susceptible to breast cancer were BRCA1 and BRCA2.  They acted as tumor suppressor genes and inherited mutations leading to chromosomal instability. However, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic alterations, signaling pathways, immune responses, and antioxidant-related genes are the main molecular processes associated with the progression of breast cancer among Iranian patients. While we are facing a significant increase in the incidence of breast cancer, with a lower survival rate, breast cancer is currently considered as one of the major health problems in Iran, which emphasizes the importance of providing and designing prevention and early detection program of breast cancer.

 Little is known about the association between dietary protein intake and clinical manifestations in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We aimed to determine the correlation between dietary protein intake and pain severity, functional status, and body composition indices in patients with knee OA.

 This cross-sectional study was performed on 220 OA patients, staged I to Ⅲon Kellgren and Lawrence scale. Patients were selected randomly via cluster sampling method from the health centers of Tabriz between October 2017 and October 2018. We estimated the participants' protein intakes using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Western Ontario and McMaster Index (WOMAC) was used to measure the functional status. We used the Visual Analogue Scale to measure pain severity. A bioelectric impedance device measured the patients’ body composition.

 Total dietary protein intake was 55.36±24.14 grams per day. Higher dietary total and animal-based protein intakes were associated with lower pain severity. There were reverse correlations between dietary protein intakes (total and animal-based) with the physical disability according to WOMAC total, WOMAC pain, and WOMAC stiffness scores in the subset of patients who didn’t meet the 75 percent of recommended dietary allowance. In these patients, higher total, plant-based, and animal-based protein intakes correlated with WOMAC functional scores. Higher total and animal-based protein intakes were associated with higher soft lean and lean body mass in women.

 Dietary protein intake needs to improve in knee OA patients, and dietary protein intake might be an intermediation objective in these patients.

Following a serious injury, microtrauma and as a result of microscopic damage in joint surfaces, pain disorders in the skeletal and muscular system develop over time. Pain in the musculoskeletal system, in addition to injury, causes secretion and fatigue in the pastoral structure, which leads to disruption of the neuromuscular system. Although the foot is the last part of the lower limb chain and resists the incoming forces, it is expected to cause movement pathology, pathokinesiology and increased stress and thus injury due to improper distribution of forces. It reaches the tissues and muscles of the leg, and as a result, the risk of joint pain increases. In futsal, which is one of the vulnerable sports, most of the injuries of the lower limbs are assigned to the wrist and knee, According to the report of the National Association of American Sports Science Colleges, ankle injuries compared to other body joints in disciplines such as; It has basketball, volleyball, futsal, etc. Ankle pain can be caused by aspirin, instability, arthritis, gout, tendonitis, fracture, nerve compression and infection in this joint. In this popular field, due to the fact that players have to withdraw from this sport due to pain and injury in their basic ages, and as a result, talents are not lost, attention was paid to movement sciences and rehabilitation. Familiarity with biomechanical principles in injury or disease is a very important part of air and treatment activity. If we can provide a targeted ability in ankle pain and evaluate and perform the tasks they do in static and dynamic conditions, it will allow athletes and even non-athletes to return to sports faster and more confidently. And they do everyday, was a witness The first step in this field is to know the rehabilitation method that optimally minimizes the frequency of pain and re-injury. As a result, biomechanical principles and evaluations become reliable in treatment and help to increase better performance. Research shows that mechanical proprioception movements with ultrasound supplements improve and increase neuromuscular function and balance of the plantar pressure center, as well as a significant reduction in pain, in the same direction, from existing changes and the degree of impact on foot posture or position. in which the patient is located, by using biomechanical evaluations in the initial or final stages of the rehabilitation period, it helps the treatment to increase the effectiveness of the methods used with higher validity and to use better methods with higher effectiveness. take. Take, Therapeutic strategies to prevent and increase the return to daily and sports activities include: external supporters, manual therapy, and deep sensory exercises, which generally divide rehabilitation into two types, mechanical and physical. Studies have shown that deep sensory exercises and orthoses and tapings reduce the amount of damage by 50%. In addition, the postural changes or the condition in which the patient or the injured person is located, recovery during the rehabilitation phase helps the specialists to take appropriate actions to have a better effect. In the meantime, examining the amount of electrical muscle activity and the pressures on the person in the biomechanical analysis of the person will give valuable information about treatment and rehabilitation strategies. According to the available documents, foot and ankle problems even cause pain in the upper limb areas such as the back due to its effects on the posture and the way the forces interact in walking over time. Considering the increasing trend of basic ages in futsal, in order to avoid re-injury or to prevent it, it is necessary to take preventive measures. In this approach, the use of proprioception exercises and the use of ultrasound waves on the injured area of the ankle have a significant effect on the walking process, the sense of the position of the ankle joint, and the function of the muscles around the joint. Failure to use proprioception exercises reduces performance and ankle sprains, which is the result of instability followed by chronic ankle pain. is looking for To get a better result, the use of ultrasound therapy modality by applying a length of heat in the ankle along with deep sensory exercises will be useful in controlling and improving the function of the device and foot posture. In rehabilitation planning, understanding the mechanism of applied forces will help professionals to provide the appropriate protocol to increase the function of the device and joints. Because a period of rehabilitation before and after the changes in the posture or the condition in which the patient or athlete is located, can have a great help in the therapeutic methods of care and treatment of its effectiveness in the treatment protocol. it shows. In most cases, in the field of rehabilitation, the therapist is unwilling and according to the conditions of the teams and the pressure of the coaches and sports managers upon the player's return, he trains and competes with the speed of action of the fields. But this athlete's return is mostly temporary and causes joint injuries and choices in the future. Therefore, in the evaluations and screenings at the beginning and end of the season, as in the field of football, in this field as well, the amount of injuries can be minimized by taking into account clinical evaluation tests. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of deep sensory training with ultrasound therapy on the chronic ankle pain of young players along with the evaluation of the center of pressure and the changes in the activities of the 2 specialized muscles, tibialis anterior and peroneus longus during walking, in response to changes in their activity can help people with ankle injuries.

The statistical sample of this study included 24 people (12 people in the experimental group and 12 people in the control group). Pain intensity in both groups was assessed through the standard Visual analogue scale form, which is characterized by a pain scale of 1 to 10, and the selection criterion was a score of 7 (high pain intensity). Also, for analysis and evaluation of electrical muscle function by electromyography system of anterior tibialis and peroneus longus muscles, subjects of both groups were recorded using UK Biometrics system in stance phase in 14-meter path of both groups (pre-test). The experimental group then received a deep sensory training protocol with 3 MHz ultrasound for three weeks. The control group performed its normal activities during this period. After the treatment period, both groups re-tested and checked the pain and recorded the electrical activity of the muscles as a pre-test (post-test). For statistical analysis, correlated T-test was used for intra-group comparison and independent for inter-group comparison (p<0.05).

The results showed a significant difference only in the activity of Peroneus longus muscle in comparison with pre- and post-test of the experimental group. Also, a significant difference in the amount of pain in the experimental group before and after rehabilitation interventions was observed in the comparison within the group.

Based on the results of this study, it can be mentioned that the use of deep sensory exercises with ultrasound waves as an effective method in the rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system in chronic pain can be used by physiotherapists and other sports rehabilitation specialists. Because its effectiveness was effective in reducing the amount of pain and normal function of selected muscles in static and dynamic positions (walking).

This study aimed to construct a device that could measure leg length discrepancy (LLD) automatically.

The LLD measure device measures LLD with pelvic-tilt method (Program 1) and weight-based method (Programs 2 & 3). Tests were done in 3 phases. 1: Two examiners using the LLD Measure device made -50 to 75 mm artificial LLD in two healthy subjects measuring the degree of pelvic tilt and the load bearing of lower limbs. 2: Sixteen healthy volunteers were asked to stand on the device to measure LLD with program 2 and then with both knees extended to measure LLD with program one. 3: 32 patients who had underwent lower limbs CT scanogram enrolled, and the LLD measurement with program 1 compared with those obtained by CT scanogram.

Data’s obtained in the first phase showed excellent repeatability (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.9) and very good reproducibility (ICC > 80%) except for measuring the limb load while both knees were extended (ICC ≈ 60%). In the second phase, we found no statistically significant difference between measuring LLD using programs 1 and 2 (P = 0.49). In the third phase, there was no statistically significant difference between measuring LLD using program 1 and CT scanogram (P = 0.80).

We have developed a device to measure LLD semiautomatic with less need for examiner expertise. The results of our new device would be reliable and accurate compared to CT measurements.

Postural disorders and spinal deformities are one of the common conditions in children and adolescents. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the prevalence of spinal deformities among school age children in Iran.

The search strategy was developed using keywords relating to kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, child and Iran in the databases of Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Psycinfo as well as Persian local databases up to January 2020. Articles were appraised by two reviewers using the checklist of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and data was extracted in the designed tables and analyzed using R software with a random effects model. The heterogeneity and dispersion of data was presented in Forest plots.

Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The total population included 84195 students consisting of 39202 boys and 45947 girls. The mean age of the participants was 12.71±1.18 years. The total prevalence of kyphosis was 13.06% [95% CI 0.07; 0.22], the total prevalence of scoliosis was 2.61% [95% CI 0.014; 0.045] and the total prevalence of lordosis was 32.59% [95% CI 0.23; 0.43]. The prevalence of deformities was higher in girls. Kyphosis and scoliosis was more frequent in elementary school children but lordosis was more frequent in middle school students. Confirmation of diagnosis with radiology as well as clinical examination yielded a lower prevalence compared to diagnosis only made by clinical examination.

The prevalence of spinal deformities in school age children in Iran is on the average level compared to the other countries and lordosis is more common in girls. Designing further studies to evaluate etiology and risk factors of this condition is recommended

Acute exacerbations are the important reasons for hospitalization and death in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and the outcome of COPD patients visiting the emergency department with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). In this study, we included 90 AECOPD patients between October 2018 and October 2019. Serum cTnI was measured during the first 24 and 48 hours after admission. Patients were categorized into two groups positive cTnI values (≥0.3 ng/dl) and negative cTnI (<0.3 ng/dl). The outcomes of patients were compared between the two groups. Patients in Positive cTnI group in the first 24 hours and 48 hours compared to patients in negative group had significantly higher rate of in-hospital [(66.7% vs. 3.7%, P<0.001) and (50.0% vs. 3.8%, P<0.001), respectively)] and 30-day mortality rates [(88.9% vs. 3.3%, P<0.001) and (66.7% vs. 5.1%, P<0.001), respectively)]. The number of cases requiring intubation [(100% vs. 12.3%, P<0.001) and (75.0% vs. 12.8%, P<0.001), respectively)] and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) [(100.0% vs. 5.5%, P<0.05) and (100.0% vs. 5.5%, P<0.001), respectively)] as well as the duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay [(37.00±14.61 vs 9.83±4.93 days, P<0.001) and (37.00±14.61 vs 9.83±4.93 days, P<0.001), respectively)] were also higher in cTnI positive patients. Increased cTnI during AECOPD is associated with higher rates of CPR, need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital, short-term mortalities, and a longer ICU stay.

Body vision is a novel method which examines postural indices through photogrammetric essentials. Nevertheless, its reliability and validity has not been appraised till now. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of body vision system for posture assessment

This was a cross sectional study in which two examiners evaluated photographs of 71 subject using body vision system twice with two-week interval. The Body Vision system involves a Grid wall and a camera fixed in front of the grid wall at about 390 cm distances. Three standing photographs (anterior, right lateral, and posterior view) were captured for participants.

The results for inter-rater reliability analysis showed most of the parameters (74%) had excellent 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 10 % had good to excellent 95% CI, 13% had moderate to good 95% CI, and 1% had poor to moderate 95% CI (Table 2). The results for intra-rater reliability analysis showed 70-72% of the parameters had excellent 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 6-9% had good to excellent 95% CI, 12-13% had moderate to good 95% CI, and 9% had poor to moderate 95% CI. The comparison between known distances and angles on grid wall and those obtained from photogrammetric measurements showed there is no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05). Also the regression analysis showed there is a significant and positive relationship between them (R2 = 1, p < 0.05).

The results of this study showed that body vision system is a valid and reliable tool for measuring postural parameters.

To determine the status of primary osteoporosis and evaluate the effects of curcumin nanomicelles, Nigella sativa oil, and curcumin nanomicelles plus N. sativa oil compared to placebo on cellular-molecular and clinical outcomes.

The study protocol will be implemented in two phases. The first phase is a cross-sectional study aiming at determining the prevalence of primary osteoporosis and its risk factors, especially cellular-molecular factors in 528 postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years in Tabriz, Iran through simple random sampling. The second phase is a triple-blind factorial randomized controlled clinical trial. In this phase, patients with primary osteoporosis, identified with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, will be randomly divided into equal four groups of 30 individuals in a triple-blind factorial randomized controlled trial. The four group included N. sativa oil soft capsules (one capsule 1000 mg/d) and placebo- curcumin nanomicelles, curcumin nanomicelles soft capsules (one capsule 80 mg/d) and placebo-N. sativa, N. sativa oil, and curcumin nanomicelles soft capsules, and both placebos for six months.

The prevalence of primary osteoporosis and its relationship with several parameters will be determined in phase 1, including socio-demographic-obstetric-medical characteristics, anthropometric indices, body composition, lifestyle, osteoporosis-related microRNAs, inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers, bone turnovers, and some gene polymorphisms. Finally, changes in mean bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnovers, inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers, and osteoporosis-related microRNAs will be evaluated in phase 2.

The present study can significantly contribute to the prognosis of the disease and the selection of an appropriate herbal supplement given the cost-effectiveness of herbal compounds as pharmaceutical adjuvants.

Increased public knowledge concerning roles of nutrition in prevention of non-communicable diseases have urged people to select healthy foods. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of understanding and use of food labeling systems and their determinants by medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

In a cross-sectional study on medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2018, 240 medical students were participated using stratified random sampling method. During the study, participants were asked about their use of nutritional value panel, ingredient list and serving size information of the food labels. To assess understanding levels of the food labeling, subjective and objective methods were used.

Based on the findings, 41.2% of the participants always/most often read food labels when purchasing foods, while 34.2% of them read food labels occasionally. The most common reason for non-using food labels included lack of time to read the food labels (40.8%). A relative majority of the participants (42.5%) occasionally used food labels for diet planning. A majority of the participants (74.6%) reported that they somewhat were aware of food label information. Moreover, 70 to 90.4% of the participants chose the right label as the healthiest from three pairs of labels. Understanding and use of food labels were higher in females than males (p = 0.046 and p = 0.038, respectively).

Less than half of the medical students always/most often used food label information when buying food products. Further studies on other populations are needed to suggest recommendations for an effectual food labelling.

Vitamin D is one of the known lipoprotein hormones with metabolic properties. We aimed to determine the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes mellitus type Ⅱ (DM Ⅱ) in association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and quality of life compared with healthy participants.

The current case-control study was carried out among 80 overweight/obese subjects with DM Ⅱ, and 77 healthy subjects matched by sex, age and body mass index (BMI). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured by ELISA method. In order to examine the quality of life, the Persian version of SF36 questionnaire was used.                   

There was significant difference between diabetic and healthy subjects considering serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (p-value = 0.012). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was inversely correlated with diastolic blood pressure (p-value = 0.02) and positively associated with physical function (p-value <0.001), social function (p-value <0.001) and general health (p-value <0.001) components of quality of life in diabetic subjects and physical health sub-scale (p-value = 0.004) in all participants.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly lower in diabetic subjects in comparison with healthy controls. There was a significant reverse relationship between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with diastolic blood pressure and on the other hand, a significant positive relationship with physical function, social function and general health components and physical health subscale of quality of life in participants with DM Ⅱ.

 The use of some active factors in diet is regarded as an attractive approach to prevent and to treat certain types of cancers. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of PUFAs oral administration along with chemotherapeutic agent on the level of cellular apoptotic regulatory proteins in cancer cells of individuals with gastric cancer in order to identify the apoptotic changes.

This study was a Clinical Trial in which the target group consisted of the patients with gastric cancer who were recognized for the first time and cured under chemotherapy. Thirty-four patients were chosen and categorized randomly into two groups. Case group includes the patients taking PUFAs along with the chemotherapeutic agents. In control group, individuals were under the same chemotherapy protocol without taking PUFAs. Biopsy samples of tumor were taken from the patients before and after chemotherapy. The Bcl-2, Bcl-XL Bid, and Bad gene expression were determined by Real-Time PCR. Also, those proteins upon biopsy samples were surveyed by Frozen Section method.

In case group, Bcl-2 and BclXL gene expression and protein levels decreased significantly in comparison with those of the control group. While Bid and Bad gene expression and protein levels increased significantly in comparison with those of the control group.

The results of this study showed that use of PUFAs as supplement with Cis-platinum may be useful to stimulate more pro-apoptotic proteins in gastric cancer cells. Consequently, this offers an effective treatment to patients with gastric cancer to respond to chemotherapy.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common degenerative joint disease resulting in bone pain and disability. The aim of current study is to determine diet quality by healthy eating index (HEI)-2015 in association with pain and functional status among a sample of participants with primary knee OA.

In this cross-sectional study, 220 patients with knee OA were recruited via convenience sampling in the outpatient clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences between April and September 2018. The HEI-2015 score was calculated from dietary data collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Visual analogue scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the SF36 quality of life (QoL) questionnaire were applied to measure the pain intensity, functional status and QoL in the participants, respectively. Participants were categorized based on the quintile cutoff points of HEI score including 42-62, 63-69, 70-75, 76-78 and 79-100.

The mean score of HEI was 70.62±10.18 (range: 42–89). Participants with greater HEI2015 scores had higher total energy intake (P=0.008) and greater dietary intake of carbohydrates (P=0.01), protein (P=0.009), monounsaturated fatty acids (P=0.01), polyunsaturated fatty acids (P=0.007) and fiber (P=0.009) and lower intake of saturated fatty acids (P=0.005). Participants in higher quintiles of HEI had significantly lower pain intensity (P=0.001) and higher scores of physical function (P=0.001), pain (P=0.001) and role limitation due to physical problems (P=0.005) subscales of SF-36 QoL questionnaire in comparison with participants in lower quintiles of HEI-2015.

The HEI-2015 score is associated with pain intensity and two domain of QoL in patients with knee OA.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent metabolic problem of gestation. In contrast to subjects without diabetes, women with GDM are at advanced risk of adverse maternal and fetal consequences without intervention. The current and unanticipated growth in the prevalence of gestational diabetes and the middling outcomes of dietary manipulations could somewhat be because of incuriosity to or failure in changing the different combination and unsuitable intestinal micro flora which happens frequently in the second half of pregnancy particularly when complemented with overweight/obesity. In the range of lifestyle-related aspects, probiotics are suggested as part of a balanced diet, low-cost, feasible and potentially impressive strategy to manage this health problem. The objective of this review paper is to review the related studies pursuant to the significance of probiotics and their impression in prohibition and management of GDM. Electronic search was performed in databases, including Scopus, Science direct, PubMed, Cochrane central, Google Scholar, ISC, Magiran, IranMedex, SID, and MedLib. Evidence proposes that manipulation of gut microbiota during pregnancy by certain probiotics in high risk pregnant women may be of pronounced advantage for better metabolic profile of pregnant women and their offspring.

 Women are vulnerable and face variety of problems during pregnancy that can affect mental health and life quality. Pregnancy complications make pregnant women more prone to loss of quality of life and mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic supplement on quality of life and depression in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

In this double blind randomized clinical trial, performed on pregnant women with GDM referring to the specialized centers of gynecology and endocrinology in Tabriz, 64 pregnant women with GDM in 24-28 weeks of pregnancy were randomly assigned to receive either probiotic supplementation or placebo for 8 weeks. Probiotic supplement was a combination of four strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. The short form of Iranian species of World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life and the Edinburgh Depression Inventory to assess depression before and after intervention.

Fifty six surveyed individuals completed the study. The effect of probiotic supplementation on changes in the physical dimension of quality of life was significant, with statistically remarkable increase of 2.59 ± 2.19 units in the probiotic group compared with 2.25 ± 0.88 decrease in the placebo group (p = 0.045). Also, the increase in mean of total quality of life in the probiotic group was 5.17 ± 1.46 units which was significant compared with 0.46 ± 1.61 units increase in the placebo group (p = 0.029). The effect of probiotic supplementation in comparison with placebo was significant in improving depression (p = 0.042).

It seems that probiotic supplementation promotes quality of life and depression levels in pregnant women with GDM.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic and endocrine perinatal complication and is a growing health problem worldwide. Considering the fetal programming and its contribution as one of the evolutionary origins of human diseases, it is very important to improve the glucose metabolism in pregnant women, determination of other nutrients, preventing excessive accumulation of fetal fats, emphasis on weight loss measures before pregnancy, dietary intake with low-fat healthy food and prevention of abundant weight loss. In this paper, we have provided a brief review on dietary intake and dietary interventions in GDM from the perspective of nutrition science attending the physiopathology and etiology of the disease. Electronic search for English and Persian articles has been perform in databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed ,Scopus, Cochrane central ,Science direct, ISC, SID, Magiran, Iran Medex, and Med Libby key words: gestational diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, nutrition, macronutrient, micronutrient, Diabetes. All available articles (cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic, and clinical studies with desirable design and review quality studies were used. Reference books including Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care, The Williams Obstetrics editions of the 14th (2017) and the 24th edition (2014) were also reviewed. Nutrition therapy and physical activity are the initial treatment of GDM. Proper and flexible methods of nutrition therapy that successfully regulate maternal glycaemia while improving expected fetal growth have extensive concepts. Meanwhile, dietary supplements with proven beneficial effects can play an important role in improving deficiencies and improving the metabolic profile of patients. Nutritional management is the main treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity is the principal contest in patient counseling and interventions during pregnancy. Despite extensive researches carried out, this field is an active research area and requires more clinical research to minimize maternal and fetal complications

Antioxidants are considered essential components in neurodegenerative disease management since they can protect cells from oxidative damage. The current study aimed at evaluating the intake and serum level of selected antioxidants in subjects possessing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared with a cognitively intact control. The current prospective, case-control study was conducted in Tabriz from December 2016 to August 2017 on a total of 45 patients with MCI as a case group and another 45 healthy subjects matched by age and gender were recruited for the control group. After completing the mini-mental state examination (MMSE-12) questionnaire, the cases with MCI were identified using the modified Peterson standard. By a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the common dietary intakes during the previous year were recorded and blood samples were collected. Of the 90 subjects in the current study, 61% were male and 39% female, with the mean age of 68.8 ± 5.5 years. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to dietary intakes of vitamin C, beta-carotene, and lycopene (P = 0.079, P = 0.413, and P = 0.455, respectively). The results of the studied parameters showed that serum beta-carotene and lycopene (P = 0.004 and P = 0.044, respectively) in healthy subjects were significantly higher than those of the elderly people with MCI. There was a significant correlation between Vitamin C dietary intake and serum level and cognitive scores in MMSE-12 (r = 0.231, P = 0.028 and r = 0.224, P = 0.033, respectively) and also between serum level of lycopene and cognitive scores(r = 0.388, P = 0.000). The subjects with mild cognitive impairment had a significantly lower serum levels of lycopene beta-carotene antioxidants compared with healthy subjects, and there was a positive correlation between serum level of vitamin C and lycopene and also vitamin C dietary intake and scores in the MMSE-12 test.

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common cause of metatarsus pain.

The current study aimed at comparing the improvement of pain and function in patients with PF treated with extracorporeal shockwave (ESWT) and dry-needling therapy.

The current single-blinded, clinical study was conducted on 72 patients with PF selected from the outpatient and rehabilitation clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran form August 2016 to March 2017. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and the subjects in the first group were treated with ESWT, while the second group were treated with dry-needling. The performance was evaluated based on FFI (Foot Function Index), and the pain level according to VAS (Visual Analogue Scale); subjects were evaluated at baseline, as well as four and eight weeks after treatment and the obtained results were compared and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

The subjects’ VAS and FFI scores significantly decreased compared with those of the baseline in both dry-needling and ESWT groups four and eight weeks after treatment (P < 0.005). Based on the criteria, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups four weeks after the treatment (P = 0.732 for VAS and P = 0.578 for FFI). However, eight weeks after treatment, significant changes were observed in pain reduction and FFI in the dry-needling group compared with the ESWT group (VAS: 1.7 ± 0.9 vs. 2.9 ± 1.9, P = 0.013 and FFI: 31.4 ± 28.0 vs. 50.4 ± 33.1, P = 0.008, respectively).

Both extracorporeal shockwave and dry-needling therapies were effective in plantar fasciitis treatment; despite the fact that the results of the current study revealed that dry-needling therapy was more effective than extracorporeal shockwave, at eight weeks after treatment

Background and Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of metatarsus pain. The purpose of this study was to compare improvements in pain and function in patients treated with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) and dry needling.
In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 72 patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was treated with ESWT and the second group was treated by dry needling. Performance variables based on Foot Function Index (FFI) and pain based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were evaluated before treatment, and 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment using SPSS V16.
There were 72 patients (mean age: 44.1±9.4) mainly females (n=54). Following 4 weeks and 8 weeks, both methods significantly reduced the pain index measured by VAS and FFI score compared with those before treatment. No significant difference was found between the two groups after 4 weeks of treatment in pain index measured by VAS and FFI score (P= 0.668 and P= 0.011, respectively). But, 8 weeks after the treatment, the rate of pain reduction, and FFI increased significantly in the group treated by dry needling (P= 0.011 and P=0.013).
Both ESWT and dry needling were found to be effective in treatment of plantar fasciitis, but dry needling showed to be more efficient in 8 weeks after treatment.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy. Compared with individuals without diabetes, women with GDM, in absence of intervention, are at higher risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The recent and unexpected increase in the prevalence of GDM and the average results of dietary interventions could partly be due to inattention or failure in modifying the new composition and inappropriate intestinal micro flora which occurs often in the second half of pregnancy particularly when accompanied by obesity. In the spectrum of lifestyle-related factors, probiotics are proposed as part of a balanced diet, affordable, practical and potentially effective approach to this health problem. The purpose of this narrative review paper was to review previous studies according to the importance of probiotics and their role in prevention and treatment of GDM. Electronic search was done in databases, including Scopus, Science direct, PubMed, Cochrane central, Google Scholar, ISC, Magiran, IranMedex, SID, and MedLib. Evidence suggest that manipulation of microbiota in gut during pregnancy by selected probiotics in women at risk of or affected by GDM, can probably be of great benefit in improving the metabolic profile of mother and pregnancy results.

Despite progress in the control and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant females, these patients remain at risk of disease complications.
The present study aimed at investigating the effect of probiotic supplements on Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) in pregnant females diagnosed with GDM.
This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomly assigned 64 pregnant females with GDM, recruited through convenience sampling, to either a group receiving a probiotic capsule (n = 32) or a group receiving a placebo (n = 32) for 8 weeks in Tabriz, Iran, during the spring and summer months of 2014. Their blood pressure was measured at baseline and at 2-week intervals, up to 8 weeks.
A total of 56 subjects completed the study. There was no significant difference in SBP in the probiotic group at any time compared with that at onset, yet, SBP increased significantly in the placebo group. The declining trend of DBP was evident in the probiotic group at 2 weeks and continued to the end of the study; however, DBP had increased slightly by week 6 in the placebo group. There were significant differences between the probiotic and placebo groups at 6 and 8 weeks, respectively, for SBP (104.828 (2.051) mmHg vs. 112.963 (2.126) mmHg; P = 0.008) and (106.552 (1.845) mmHg vs. 115.185 (1.912) mmHg; P = 0.002) and for DBP (62.414 (1.353) mmHg vs. 70.741 (1.402) mmHg; P The results demonstrated that consumption of probiotic supplements for 8 weeks prevented an increase in SBP and decreased DBP in pregnant females diagnosed with GDM.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) as the main metabolic disorder in pregnancy has had an increasing prevalence in recent years. Nowadays intrauterine metabolic condition is considered as a critical risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Evidence of fetal programming and its contribution as one of the evolutionary roots of human diseases provides a reason for improvements in controlling glucose metabolism in pregnant women, determining other nutrients, weight loss prior to pregnancy, having healthy diet, and preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is the initial treatment of GDM and obesity is a major challenge for dietary intervention during pregnancy consultations. Today, a high proportion of women are seen with high body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy and higher weight gain during pregnancy. In this paper, we provide a brief review on dietary intake and dietary interventions in GDM from the perspective of nutrition science scrutinizing the physiopathology and etiology of the disease.