neda mahavar

 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a universal health challenge all around the world. Several factors like viral load, genetic characteristics, age, sex, and immune status contribute to variable clinical outcomes of HBV infection. The sequels of HBV infection vary remarkably among persons ranging from the spontaneous deletion of infection to persistent infection.

 The present study aimed to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms IL10-1082 with HBV clearance.

 Sixty subjects with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) infection and 60 subjects who spontaneously recovered HBV were enrolled in the study. The IL-10-1082 polymorphisms were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP).

 The clearance of HBV infection demonstrated a significant association with IL-10-1082 polymorphisms in the GG genotype (P = 0.03), while there was no association with other genotypes. Reduced risk of chronic hepatitis B infection was associated with IL-10-1082 GG (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.07 - 5.09). Besides, IL-10-1082 A/G alleles did not differ clearly between the two study groups (P = 0.07)

 The IL-10-1082 polymorphisms may be associated with a reduced risk of CHB infection and recovery after HBV infection.
 

Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection is a multifactorial disease with a variety of clinical outcomes. Since interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a significant immune factor in antiviral defense, this case-control study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2430561 and hepatitis B infection outcome in a population of Birjand city, eastern Iran. Blood samples were collected from 60 chronically HBV- infected patients and 60 healthy subjects with the history of HBV infection. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood by the salting-out method. The first intron of IFN-γ with a length of 264 bp was amplified by Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) followed by sequencing. Our results exhibited a statistically significant difference between patients and control individuals (p-value<0.001). The frequency of the allele A was 73.3% in HBV- infected patients, whereas in controls (individuals with a history of HBV infection) it was 46.7%. A statistically significant relationship was found between the IFN-γ (+874T/A, rs2430561) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and chronic HBV infec tion in the studied population. The obtained results showed that HBV infected individuals with T allele have less risk of progressing to chronic HBV infection. It also suggests that the homozygous carriers of the A allele are more vulnerable to chronic HBV infection.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an epidemiological important infectious agent in the world. HAV incidence can be controlled by cognizance of the geographic distribution pattern.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HAV infection in Birjand.
A total of 496 healthy individuals (mean age: 39.34 ± 15.47, range: 15 - 70 years, M/F ratio: 0.68) were randomly enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data were collected and the presence of anti-HAV total antibody was determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Overall, the prevalence of positive serum anti-HAV antibody was 92.78%, however, the rate for 15 - 24 years subjects was 69%. There was a significant positive correlation between presence of anti-HAV antibody with age (P The result of this study showed a high prevalence of HAV antibody in most people, except for young adults, which can be an alarming sign for a higher rate of complicated HAV infections in the future and needs a proper strategy.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main infectious agent that causes liver disease and may lead to an acute or chronic HBV infection. Evidence from many studies have determined that host genetic factors play a significant role in determining immunization, clinical course, and recovery from HBV infection. A 32-bp deletion in the region of CCR5 gene (CCR5 ∆32) is one of the mutations that is known to provide genetic protection against chronic HBV infections.
In this study, the researchers aimed at assessing the protective effect of CCR5 ∆32 in subjects, who had recovered from HBV infection, as well as subjects that developed chronic HBV infection, in Birjand, Iran.
The study consisted of 60 patients with chronic HBV infection (patient group) and 120 patients, who had previously recovered from HBV infection (control group). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples by the salting out method, and then samples were analyzed for the CCR5 ∆32 genotype utilizing the gap-polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR) technique. Variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test and P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
The researchers found only one heterozygous CCR5 ∆32 mutation in the control group and absolutely no homozygous CCR5 Δ32 mutation in either the patient or control group.
Because of no significant visible correlation between carrying the mutation and the possibility of recovery from HBV infection in the city of Birjand, it seems the protective effect of this mutation is absent in Birjand’s population.