فهرست مطالب negar kourangi

Statement of problem:Naghsh-e Jahan square has been formed as a prominent urban space in Isfahan with the interaction of economic-residential, religious, and governmental sectors in the Safavid period. This square has entrances to connect with each other. One of this square’s routes was toward governmental part is the gate known as Khorshid. The study of this gate helps to identify the uses around the square, spatial relationships, and hierarchy of access during the history. Some researchers study the transformations in square and evaluate Naghsh-e Jahan square. This research reviews the Khorshid gate for the first time based on the historical-descriptive and visual documents of Safavid era until first Pahlavi period. this research has used library and field data. By evaluating the descriptive and visual documents of different historical periods and present condition, the evolution process of gate was determined from Safavid era until the collapse of Pahlavi. This research aims to explain the evolution process and the use of the Khorshid gate from Safavid period until today by evaluating available historical-descriptive and image document. the evaluations revealed that in Safavid period, the given gate with three other similar gates, have been the entrance of king’s seraglio but the Khorshid gate alone connected the seraglio’s passage to the western side of Naghsh-e Jahan square. Visual documents also showed that this façade, as some other royal gates of Safavid period, has been two flats building with center doorway and false arches on both sides. In Qajar period, by destroying seraglio, the given gate has been used just as the entry of Khorshid gate. In the first Pahlavi period, this gate was destroyed and it is in the same situation until today.

In the history of architecture, one of the elements to transfer the vertical forces in buildings has been columns. They appeared in various forms depending on the nature of forces, architectural styles, available materials and joints applied. Examination of columns may revive and reveal certain parts of the lost knowledge of Persian architecture. Also, such an examination may help to categorize columns in terms of form and structure. The final form of the stone columns in pre-Islamic Iran has been directly influenced by their size and form of the trunk, base as well as capital. In this regard, columns have been often examined only in case studies. The present article, however, has studied the stone columns in pre-Islamic Iran in terms of geometric aspects. Data were mainly gathered based on library sources and field studies. In order to do a systematic classification, the stone columns were photographed. This article aimed to study the impact of form and size on the structure of the stone columns in pre-Islamic Iran. The results implied that the forms of base and shaft in stone columns of ancient Iran were mainly influenced by the vernacular motifs common at the time; bases of the stone columns were in cubic form or in the form of inversed vase. Similarly, the shafts of the columns were in simple, fluted and gadrooning forms. However, formation of the capitals is an adoption of forms found in columns of other civilizations. The forms include floral, zoomorphic a human images.

Naghshe Jahan Square is one of the most important urban spaces in Iranian architecture. Considering the interactivity of this square with the surrounding urban spaces, there has been a significant number of entries in different periods. Among these entrances is a gateway to the western side and near the Ali Qapu that its use, construction and architectural features have remained so far unknown. By examining this gateway, in general, it is possible to reveal some of the formal and functional changes of the square, and in particular, the construction history, architecture, and architectural features of the gate. So far, a number of scholars have done some research on the developments in the square. This research first explains the construction history, function and form of the western gateway architecture. The data from this research is a combination of documentary and field data. In this study, by examining descriptive and visual documents of various historical periods and checking the present status, the current position of the gateway and its past usage were determined. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the form and function of this gateway as well as the reason for its construction. Investigations revealed that during the Safavid period, the entrance to this gate was the entrance without a specific door. In the Qajar era, where a large part of the square use is devoted to military operations, in spaces connected to the gate on the western side, a military barrack is organized in the square of Chaharhouze and surrounding areas. This gate has been the pass way between the military barracks and Naghshe Jahan Square. In addition, by comparing the architectural features of this gate with other gates belonging to the Qajar period, the time of construction can be considered this period. This gate was destroyed during the first Pahlavi era and this part of the square has returned to its former shape.

Mosque-school is one of the prominent multi-functional buildings in Iranian architecture. It integrates training use with praying function in a single building. These two utilizations were closely practiced and interacted from the advent of Islam, mostly in mosques. The construction of such a building reached its zenith at the Qajar period. The city of Isfahan has always been one of the leading centers of science and religion in the Islamic period of Iran. To that account, noticeable mosque-schools were erected over there. Rahim Khan mosque-school is considered as one of the developed examples of such a building in that city. To perform appropriate conservational and organizational measures in mosque-schools, one needs to know, as much as possible, the relationship between the two training use and praying function at once.Studying Rahim Khan mosque-school as one of the eminent mosque-schools of Isfahan can provide a better understanding of these buildings, especially the ones which were constructed at the Qajar period. This research employed descriptive and pictorial documents as well as oral history. At the first stage, to identify the date and process of construction, the contemporaneous resources were studied. Then, all inscription installed on the building were re-examined. The inscriptions were chronologically classified. In addition to the inscriptions, field studies and reviewing oral history helped effectively to understand how the building is constructed and its relevant changes. The present article aims to study the physical organs of the praying and training places of Rahim Khan mosque-school and to explain how these organs are interconnected. Besides for the first time, this investigation, based on the studies, intends to provide a clear view of its developmental process. The author succeeded to identify the date and process of its construction by re-deciphering the dates written on the said inscriptions while the field studies were of great help. Interviews with developers and living family and relatives of the founder of the building were also helpful in this regard. It was erected during the ending years of the Qajar dynasty by one of the famous clergymen of the then time in No neighborhood of Isfahan. When the founder died, the building left uncompleted; therefore, Rahim Khan Biglarbeigi and his brothers accomplished the project. Finally, it was entirely constructed during the early years of the 14th century of the Lunar calendar.