negisa seyed toutounchi

Helicobacter pylori are known as the most common species affecting human. This bacterium is main cause of peptic and duodenal ulcer. This infection is highly prevalent in the third world countries like Iran. This bacterium is found in dental plaque, salivary, adenoid and tonsil tissue, nasal polyps, nasal mucus, and maxillary sinus. These organs are near to the eustachian tube and middle ear, for this reason it is possible to find this bacteria in middle ear. PCR method is used for amplifying a particular piece of target DNA which can be a single gene or pieces of a gene.
This descriptive-analytical methods study was performed on 40 children between 2-13 years old with serous otitis media hospitalized in Tabriz Children Hospital (2007-2010). Serous fluids were collected from paracentesis of middle ear of patients was investigated for the PCR.
The patients were at the age of 2-13 years old and the average age was 6.57 years old. 21 patients (52.5%) were male and 19 patients (47.5%) were female. From 40 children with otitis media, helicobacter pylori were found in 3 children who showed no causality between helicobacter pylori and middle ear.
We can only assume a possible role for Helicobacter pylori infection at occurrence of middle ear infection. If this role is proved in the serous otitis resistant to common cures, antibiotics effective against H.pylori can be helpful.

Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The present study has been designed to investigate efficacy of methanolic extract of Scrophularia subuphylla (S. subuphylla) on ischemia and reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in isolated rat heart.
The isolated male Wistar rat hearts (n= 5) were perfused by Krebs-Henseleit solution enriched with the extract (0, 1, 5, and 10 μg/ml), using the langendorff method. After 15 minutes stabilization, the hearts were subjected to 30 minutes regional ischemia and then 120 minutes reperfusion.
Administration of the extract did not improve any of cardiac markers of flow rate, heart rate and developed pressure. Number, percentage and duration of arrhythmias were not affected by any concentrations of the extract. However, the concentration of 1 and 5 µg/ml increased the VT duration compared to control group (P Generally, the methanolic extract of S. subuphylla at the doses which studied exhibited no protective effects against I/R-induced injures, which might be due to the high amount of cardiac glycosides with low therapeutic index.

Olfactory loss in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis has been measured by different methods. However, the results have been variable, and it is not clear whether endoscopic sinus surgery significantly improves olfactory function. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of endoscopic sinus surgery on olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
In this prospective analytic study, 73 patients (mean age, 39.63±12.94 years) with a diagnosis of polyps and sinusitis during 2011 were studied. The olfaction test was performed with three solutions; one with no odor (water) and two with phenylethyl alcohol (50% and 90% dilution, respectively). The patients’ olfaction state were graded as no olfaction, or low, moderate or good olfaction before and 1 and 3 months after surgery, and was given scores between 0 and 3 and evaluated quantitatively.
Right-side olfaction was improved in 68.5% and left side in 67.1% of patients. Mean olfaction score on the right and left side was significantly improved after surgery in comparison with basic scores (before and after on the right side: 0.95±0.88 and 2.02±1.04; before and after on the left side: 1.02±0.84 and 2.00±1.21; both P In patients with rhinosinusitis, endoscopic sinus surgery has considerable effect in improving olfactory function.

Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenolic compound with considerable antioxidant activities. We aimed to investigate its cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats.
Male Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of control, isoproterenol, and treatments with 10, 20, 40 mg/kg of rosmarinic acid. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) once daily for 2 days. Rosmarinic acid was injected intraperitoneally once daily for 4 days, from the day of isoproterenol injection. In the fifth day the animals were anesthetized and hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters were recorded. After collecting the blood samples, the hearts were removed, weighed immediately to measure the cardiac enlargement, and kept for further histological studies. Lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde were measured in the heart tissues for evaluating the damages and lipid peroxidation, respectively.
Rosmarinic acid revealed a considerable antioxidant activity in vitro, with IC50 of 6.43µg/ml. Isoproterenol induced cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial damage and cardiac enlargement. Rosmarinic acid significantly reduced peripheral neutrophil percentage and inhibited isoproterenol-induced ST-segment elevation and R-amplitude depression in the infarcted hearts. It also significantly increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate and decreased the left ventricular end diastolic pressure. The ventricular contractility was considerably improved by rosmarinic acid. Histopathological evaluations showed that rosmarinic acid significantly diminished the post-MI necrosis and fibrosis in the myocardium and inhibited the cardiac edematous.
It is deducible from the results that rosmarinic acid improves the cardiac performance and inhibits post-MI myocardial depression, probably due to its anti-oxidative activity.

Signaling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensing enzyme, has been implicated in controlling inflammation. In this study we investigated whether activation of AMPK by metformin could protect the lung from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute injury by inhibitingng TLR4 pathway. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6): control group received normal saline (0.5 mL), LPS group received LPS (0.5 mg/kg), and metformin-treated group received LPS and metformin (100 mg/kg). Nine hours later nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphorylated, and non-phosphorylated AMPK using western blot, and the rate of TLR4 mRNA expression using real-time PCR were assessed in the lung tissue. To evaluate neutrophil infiltration, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured. The severity of the lung damage was assessed by histological examinations. It was found that the ratio of p-AMPKα to AMPKα was significantly upregulated by 22% (p

TLR-4 activates a number of inflammatory signaling pathways. Also, AMPK could be involved in anti-inflammatory signaling. The aim of this study was to identify whether stimulation of AMPK could inhibit LPS-induced Tlr-4 gene expression in mice hearts.
Heart AMPK activity and/or Tlr-4 expression was stimulated in different mice groups, using respectively IP injection of A-769662 (10 mg/kg) and LPS (2 mg/kg) or a combination of both agents. Moreover, compound-C (20 mg/kg), as an AMPK antagonist, was intraperitoneally co-administrated with both A-769662 and LPS in another group to investigate the role of AMPK activity on Tlr-4 regulation. After 8 hr, in addition to peripheral neutrophil cell count, myocardial p-AMPK, p-ACC as well as MyD88 protein contents and Tlr-4 expression was assessed by Western blotting and real-time qRT-PCR, respectively. TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels were also determined by ELISA.
LPS induced heart Tlr-4 expression (P This study demonstrated that activation of AMPK, by A-769662 agent, could inhibit Tlr-4 expression and activity, suggesting a link between AMPK and Tlr-4 in heart tissue.

Holy Quran, the last religious reference book, describes the importance of various plants in different chapters (Sura). Herbs have always been the principal form of traditional medicine in some countries. In this review article, the authors attempted to describe the impact of one of the Quranic plants (fig) from medicinal aspects.
This is a review article that was conducted using verses, regarding At-tin, which were gathered from Holy Quran and internet database. The electronic search of the scientific literature was mainly conducted on ‘PubMed’.
One chapter of Holy Quran has been named «At-tin», which shows the importance of this fruit. Pharmacological aspects of fig, both in traditional and modern medicine, prove its benefits in many disorders. Different parts of this plant have been used to treat various disorders such as infections, diabetes, gastric problems, inflammation, and cancer. Among the various medical uses of fig, anticancer activity has the most considerable effect. Scientists of the current century have just realized some properties and applications of fig in medicine.
Fourteen centuries ago, Holy Quran indicated the importance of «Fig» by nominating one chapter of Holy Quran in «At-tin». It is one of the miracles of Holy Quran. Altogether, further studies are recommended to be carried out especially on origin of Islamic medicine in Holy Quran and its concordance with modern medicine.

Methanolic extract of Marrubium crassidens Boiss has potent antioxidative effects and can have cardio-protective effects on Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injuries in heart. The extract was prepared by maceration. The isolated rat hearts were perfused by Krebs-Henseleit solution enriched with the extract (0, 10, 50, and 100µg/ml), using the langendorff method. After 15 minutes stabilization, the hearts subjected to 30 minutes regional ischemia and then 120 minutes reperfusion. During the experiments hemodynamic functions were recorded and cardiac arrhythmias were determined. At the end, the infarct size was measured. The extract at 100µg/ml caused a significant reduction in the number of ischemia and reperfusion induced ventricular-ectopic-beats (P<0.05). The extract at 100µg/ml also remarkably (P<0.001) reduced the number of ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT). The incidence of ischemic VT was reduced from 100% in the control group to 20% in the group treated with 100 µg/ml (P<0.01). The infarct size was 70.74±10.35% in the control group whereas, perfusion of ischemic hearts with the extract (10, 50µg/ml) reduced the size to 19.11±6.26 (P<0.001) and 25.27±3.89% (P<0.01), respectively. M. crassidens has protective effects against I/R injuries in isolated rat hearts and the protective effects could be related to antioxidative activities of the extract.

Presence of a sore throat after surgery is a common side effect of general anesthesia with intratracheal intubation and can cause discomfort for the patient and prolong the recovery process. In this study we compared the effect of dexamethasone before and after intubation on the incidence of sore throat after tympanoplasty surgery. In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 70 patients aged 30–60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II who were candidates for tympanoplasty under anesthetic conditions were studied in two separate groups. The first group received intravenous (IV) dexamethasone (8 mg) 30 mins prior to intubation while the second group received the same dose of dexamethasone 30 mins after intubation. The incidence and severity of the sore throat in both groups were then evaluated. There was no significant difference between two groups in intensity of sore throat (62.9% vs. 57.1%), cough (65.7% vs. 62.9%), or hoarseness (62.9% vs. 65.7%) within 24 h after surgery. Detection of blood in oral secretions or on the tracheal tube was the same in both groups (5.7%). The incidence of coughs during the extubation was 0% in first group and 11.4% in second group. According to the results of this research there was no significant difference in incidence and intensity of sore throat in patients receiving dexamethasone before or after intubation. Further, no significant difference in intensity of coughs or hoarseness was observed.