nima mozafari

Tendon sheath is a connective tissue that main function is to protect the tendon in the areas that are most vulnerable to damage. One of the relatively common causes of lameness and abnormalities in the limb of horses is tendon sheath damage. Injuries to the digital tendon sheath, tarsus, and carp are more common than tendon sheaths in other parts of the limbs. Lameness and swelling at the site of the lesion are common clinical findings in many tendon sheath injuries. Primary diagnosis of tendon sheath inflammation is possible with the help of animal history and clinical signs. The use of diagnostic tools, especially diagnostic imaging, is very useful for definitive diagnosis and identifying the primary cause of the disorders or damage to the surrounding tissues. Complete treatment should be done after identifying the underlying cause of sheath inflammation, although treatments such as rest, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, and cold therapy are effective in reducing inflammation and improving clinical signs.

Among the flexor tendons in the horse's limbs, the superficial digital flexor tendon is more prone to damage than the deep digital flexor tendon. SDF tendonitis is a common injury in event horses. Recovery of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injuries is slow, but re-injury is likely. SDF tendon injuries are more common in the forelimb. Flexor tendon injuries are due to strain on the tendon or a direct trauma. Tendon damage vary from inflammation and pain to complete rupture of the tendon. Injuries caused by strain are associated with swelling that require ultrasound assessment to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for these injuries includes anti-inflammatory treatment, which is initially followed by a rehabilitation program. In cases where drug treatment is not responsive, surgical procedures including tendon splitting and superior check ligament desmotomy can be used. In this study, we briefly review the tendonitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon, etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Patients with COVID-19 have shown a wide variety of symptoms and mortality rates in different communities.

This study aimed to compare the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical features of patients with COVID-19 who have overcome the disease with patients who died.

All hospitalized patients admitted to Special Corona Hospital who had a positive real-time PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 from January to March 2020 were included in the study. Clinical characteristics, date of disease onset, hospital admission date, and the severity of COVID-19 were obtained from each patient’smedical records. Independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables between the groups of the discharged and expired patients. The independence between categorical variables and the outcome was assessed by Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.

The order of essential variables for admission as the starting time are pH, WBC count, loss of consciousness, neutrophil count, base excess (BE), HCO3, age, BUN, O2 saturation, and lymphocyte count.

In the current study, the mortality rate of COVID-19 was 30% and was significantly associated with critical disease intensity, fever, chills, loss of consciousness, ischemic heart disease (IHD) history, Parkinson’s disease, invasive O2 therapy, and troponin level.