nitin wahi

Several features of DES have come out as safe and effective through incorporation of Nanotechnology in drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology has grown to be of immense benefit in the enhancement of drug eluting stents (DES) safety. Likewise, advanced DES is capable of releasing more than one drug in phased or combined phases of the healing process. This avails customisation as the surgeon is in a position to manage the demanding cases like the diabetic patients and the multiple vessel diseases. Another advantage of the bioresorbable DES is that after acting as support for the healing of the artery it should disintegrate, thus eliminating the late complications such as the stent thrombosis. These stents are used to give short-term support to the artery for the delivery of the drug and get absorbed over time and leaves behind a normal pipe. Hybrid DES incorporate drug elution with other therapeutic modalities like the embedding and coupling of gene therapy vectors or biologic agents with the vessel wall in attempt to promote vessel healing and regeneration. It is among these stents that are preferred in the management of chronic total occlusions or highly calcified lesions. This review aims to describe the innovations in the nanotechnology-enabling technologies to DES and relate the advantages and possible negatives resulting from it and previews other potential advancements to appear in the foreseeable future.

Chemotherapy for cancer frequently uses organometallic compounds containing platinum, such as oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and cisplatin. They are effective against rapidly dividing cancer cells because they form DNA adducts that cause DNA damage and cell death. They work against rapidly dividing cancer cells because of their mechanism of action, which involves the formation of covalent DNA adducts that obstruct DNA replication and transcription. It is true that cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin three platinum containing organometallic compounds, are frequently utilized in cancer chemotherapy. These substances belong to a group of medications called platinum-based chemotherapeutics, and they have been used to treat a number of cancer types. Covalent DNA adducts are formed by oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and cisplatin to produce their anticancer effects. These substances contain platinum atoms that attach to purine bases in DNA to create intrastrain and interstream cross-links. These cross-links damage DNA and cause cell death by interfering with transcription and DNA replication. Platinum-containing compounds are extremely cytotoxic, especially to rapidly dividing cancer cells, because they can cause damage to DNA. The discovery and application of organometallic compounds containing platinum mark a critical advancement in the cancer treatment, and these compounds are still essential parts of chemotherapy regimens. Ongoing research endeavors to ascertain novel compounds based on platinum or substitute metals that exhibit enhanced effectiveness and diminished adverse reactions. These substances are well-known for their capacity to cause DNA damage in quickly proliferating cells, which can result in cell cycle arrest and eventual cell death. Although these conventional platinum drugs have demonstrated efficacy in treating a range of cancers, side effects and resistance development are linked to them. The dynamic field of research aims to improve the overall effectiveness and tolerability of chemotherapy by searching for new anticancer agents. New compounds with improved properties will probably continue to surface as our knowledge of cancer biology and drug development methods grows, which will help cancer treatment approaches to evolve.

The development of diagnostic nanostents, which blend stent design with nanotechnology to offer multipurpose capabilities, has greatly revolutionized medical diagnostics. Blood vessels can receive structural support and we have real-time diagnosis data from these state-of-art devices. To enhance the precision and efficacy of cardiovascular therapy, diagnostic nanostents are devices that incorporate imaging and diagnostic-oriented nanoparticles. Imaging agents, such as nanoparticles that respond to various imaging modalities, are included in medical imaging procedures to improve the visualization of blood vessels and surrounding tissues. Better diagnostic accuracy and early problem discovery are made possible for greater visibility. This review explores the potential benefits of diagnostic nanostents, including their dual ability to provide structural support and diagnostic skills. The use of nanomaterials that can enhance contrast makes real-time imaging during medical procedures possible and provides immediate feedback to healthcare professionals. Moreover, diagnostic nanostents advance the ideas of personalized medicine. Preclinical research, clinical trials, and more studies are required to verify the safety, efficacy, and utility of these diagnostic nanostents in medicine, despite their many potential advantages. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of research and the dynamic character of nanomedicine, diagnostic nanostents are positioned as a transformative technology that could completely change medical diagnostics in cardiovascular therapy.