nourooz kargari

Nowadays the terrorist acts as global acts have spread as to involve all the world. Terrorist acts in September 11 2001 was a start point to vilolent reactions in the world and was the beginning of intense encounter and resulted in passing the strict statutes in countries which changed the boarders of criminal law but could not prevent these kind of actions. Emerging ISIS, as the modern version of violence and bestiality, may be a good reason to prove this idea. This fact indicates that the suppression would not be a reliable way to combat the terrorism and the soft view of criminology can be used as parallel to empower the hope for combating terrorism. This survey has been done analytically and has had a look to some of the theories of criminology and finally has achieved to this conclusion that by providing the uniformity and avoiding alienation, the bases of dialogue and civil protest could be established and the violence would be replaced by civil protest.

Environmental terrorism is a violent behavior that with the intention of depriving the peace, order and security of human societies, by targeting the environment, endangers human life and health and environmental security and whenever at the same time with Conflicts Armed and on the part of one of the parties to the conflict, it causes extensive and irreparable damage and not only endangers the health and life of the contemporary generation, but also endangers the health of future generations and deprives the healthy of environment. Therefore, reviewing strategies to deal with such events is the main purpose of current research.
The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and in the form of citations through the use of library and electronic resources including books, articles, dissertations, regulations and international documents in Persian and English languages.
The only way to fight with this criminal phenomenon is to bind the parties to the conflict to the norms and regulations related to international humanitarian law and to criminalize the violation of such regulations, in order to control the violence of the conflicting parties within the limits of international regulations. Violation of such regulations will result in criminal prosecution charges of "international crimes" or "serious crimes of international importance."
Although Article 5 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998 does not forecast environmental terrorism as an international crime, but because of the profound and irreparable harmful effects on human life and health and the health of the environment and the possibility of spreading such effects to remote areas. And even to future generations, international legal doctrine and documents recognize environmental terrorism as an acute example of terrorism and its importance in the line of international crimes and the effects of international crimes on it.

Economics is the most important area of law because the nature of the legal system is influenced by the intellectual system governing the economic system. Regulating the economic system and creating a network of relationships defined in it can reduce the costs of the legal system and increase its efficiency, and also disruption of it cause functional imbalance of the economic relations network of individuals and consequently disruption of the legal system. This issue challenges criminal law and causes unwarranted expansion of criminal instruments in the economic sphere. In this paper, a new approach of interdisciplinary economic and criminal law studies will be presented using descriptive-analytical research method. The findings indicate that; At least in the field of economic crimes, the bases, norms and criteria of criminalization rarely exist, and since its rules are to guarantee the basis and current requirements of the economic system, criminal law should always be dynamic and evolve along with the realities and developments of the economic system including Recommendation No. 12 of the European Council in June 1981, which is a strategic document in modern economic criminalization, along with the conventional principles of criminalization.

The adoption of a differential justice system in dealing with juvenile delinquency is one of the achievements of the movement for the protection of children's rights. As a result of the selection of this system and under the supervision of children's rights organizations, the criminal procedure laws for children have undergone significant changes. In recent amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code in Iran, the legislature has sought to separate juvenile justice from adults, and by legislating innovative methods, has sought to comply with international guidelines and the separation of jurisdictions. Despite the existence of legislative records and the wise guidelines of the doctrine of criminal law and even the drafting of a comprehensive bill on juvenile justice, there are many shortcomings in what was passed as a law, resulting in a favorable outcome and an ideal horizon. It has challenged the differential justice system. The current Code of Criminal Procedure, in some stages, has taken it out of the differential system and outlined the structure of action as an adult trial. It is expected that by accurately identifying this process and adapting it to the UK judicial system, and enumerating the shortcomings along with the proposals, the ground for amending current laws and the approach of court judges will be provided.

The challenge of economic crimes is important today in several ways, on the one hand, the role of the economy in shaping criminal law, the role of criminal law in supporting the economy and economic activities, the role of government policy in creating or preventing economic crimes and in a broader view Economic corruption and the role of culture (customs, values, religion and ideology) governing the economic system. It is a multi-axis issue that introduces the systemic approach of institutionalists in the analysis of economic variables. A Heterodox approach with dissident teachings to define a development model that makes the prevention of disruptive economic behaviors (economic crimes) possible only by identifying the fundamental institutions of the economic system (including economics, law, politics, culture) in any modern society. Inductive and Systematic study method that with a pragmatic approach to economic facts instead of deductive, abstract and subjective studies, explains economic crimes in accordance with the economic and legal realities of society, which is a suitable version for comprehensive, rapid and consistent criminalization.With economic developments and in accordance with specific institutions, the economic system governs the social system.

The economic system is based on human historical and intellectual developments and is formed in the framework of daily material exchanges and in pursuit of individual or collective interests and has institutions, tools and basic requirements that are always evolving. The legal system is also defined as a regular network of institutions and tools that supports the economic system with a wide range of guidance, commercial, legal and criminal requirements and plays a role in the most coercive form of the basic requirements of the economic system with economic criminalization. The characteristic of dependence of the economic system and the legal system requires that economic criminalization should be considered by understanding the dynamic characteristic of the economic system and the economic realities of each country, the origin and criterion of legislation and the adoption of economic policies. This article seeks a new and unconventional approach to the criminalization of economic crimes, and due to the lack of research background, this article can be the beginning of research in this field. Based on this, in this research, using the descriptive-analytical method and in order to discover the answer to the question, "What is the position of the economic system of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the criminalization of economic crimes", first, the position and role of the economic system in criminalization economic and in the second part, the economic system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its place in the criminalization of economic crimes are discussed. The results of the research indicate that the support of advanced economy is advanced criminal law, and the support of the national economic system will be advanced criminal law and in line with it; Therefore, the evolution of criminal law simultaneously and in harmony with the evolution of the economic system and the identification of the specific values ​​and structure of the economic system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is assumed as a basic and modern principle for criminalization in the economic field.

One of the challenges in law and politics in the current world, is Terrorism which is going to become the biggest threat in the third millennium. Advent of the violent terrorist acts has leaded to creation a kind of consensus for condemnation of terrorism but the basic and primary problem in combating terrorism is still exist and that refers to how terrorism shall be defined and how to be faced with the philosophical challenges and problems. The current article is going to reach to this conclusion that the main problem about terrorism related to recognition not condemnation of examples. Although we can hear almost from everybody about condemnation of terrorism, the problem in combating is that the definitions of the word vary from each other and somehow are contradictory such a way that obstacle us to pursue a single plan in fighting terrorism. This problem leaded to a kind of floatation in definition and condemnation of terrorism.

International law is a mirror image of current international rules in the international community with a humanistic approach and the ideal of international behavior. In this course of action, the divine religions, beyond their religious framework, have necessary theories in various fields of human life. For example, the religion of Islam, which itself has a special emphasis on Islamic international law and not only considers the international law of Islam as a chain of communication of all basic principles in international law, but also puts ethics and moralization of legal principles based on ideal justice from A global perspective is the basis of your work. In this regard, the school of Islam considers jurisprudence, justice and morality as the most fundamental principles of the framework and considers its dissemination due to the presence of religious schools as a necessity and emphasizes its universality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the basis of the stable link between ethics and justice in the legal world through the special view of Islam. Let's pay attention to the proper position of ethics and justice.

One of the principal challenges now days, especially in the countries which are engaged in inland riots, is suicide attack which spreads fear broadly in human societies. More than the legal and political reactions to this social phenomenon, one of the preventive ways, is to analyze the suicide terrorists personally. No doubt, achievement to this understanding can be influential in preventing these kinds of actions. Considering some of these personal and social criteria in suicide terrorism attacks, the present article tries to achieve to a profile of suicide terrorists. In line with the policy of risk management of crime, this understanding may help us in more social and legal controls over the potential suicide attackers and finally in decreasing such kind of actions. After consideration of personal and social characteristics of suicide terrorists, the present article will show us that the suicide attacks have no a direct, meaningful relationship with none of political and religious approaches and thoughts.

Terrorism or terrorist activities is a modern phenomena which has caused the most social and political upheavals both internally and internationally. This phenomenon has also been used by the super powers as an excuse for armed conflicts in the form of wars. From this point of view, terrorism is an economic, social and cultural syndrome against which some kind of reaction is a must. Another approach towards terrorism is regarding it as political means inter alia with other means that can be used by the political powers and groups for achieving their goals. Both viewpoints have been considered in the present article so that the nature of terrorism as a syndrome or as means to an end may be clarified.

It is becoming clear that the police have an important role in preventing terrorism. They are in a good position to learn about and investigate local terrorist threats, and they can work to ensure that vulnerable targets in their jurisdictions are protected. Filling the first of these functions, investigation of terrorists, will require police to extend their normal community policing activities and improve their handling of information. Filling the second function, protecting vulnerable targets, will require greater adjustments. They will need to become more expert in crime prevention and security matters, and they will have to develop partnerships with businesses and a wide range of public and private agencies. However, these changes are consistent with current best practices in policing.