فهرست مطالب ola harb

Cells of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are resistant to the most currently used chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies; hence, we evaluated the expression of NEK2, JMJD4, and REST in tissues of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and benign nearby tissues of kidney with the aim of detecting associations between their expression and clinicopathological features, prognostic data, tumor recurrence, and survival rates.

We collected 200 samples from tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues of 100 ccRCC patients. All samples were evaluated for the expression of NEK2, JMJD4, and REST, and the patients were followed up for about 5 years. Tumor recurrence and survival data were collected and analyzed.

NEK2 and JMJD4 expression was increased in ccRCC tissues (P=0.002 and 0.006), while REST was downregulated (P<0.001). The elevated expression of NEK2 was positively related with big tumor size (P=0.015), higher grades (P=0.002), higher stages (P=0.013), distant spread (P=0.004), tumor recurrence, shorter progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and overall survival (OS) rate (P<0.001). Likewise, the high expression of JMJD4 was positively related with big tumor size (P=0.047), higher grades (P=0.003), higher stages (P=0.043), distant spread (P=0.001), tumor recurrence, shorter PFS rate, and OS rate (P<0.001). Conversely, Low expression of REST was positively related to big tumor size, higher grades, higher stages, distant spread, tumor recurrence, and shorter PFS and OS rates (P<0.001).

We demonstrated that overexpression of NEK2 and JMJD4 and downregulation of REST were found in malignant than benign renal tissues and were related to unfavorable pathological findings, poor clinical parameters, and poor patient outcomes.

There is an ongoing need for targeted therapy and systemic treatment protocols for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Yes activated protein-1 (YAP-1) has been found to control many targets of Hippo pathway. Annexin family is a huge family playing many roles in cellular processes. Annexin A10 (ANXA10) is a member of annexin family. Uncoordinated-5D (UNC5D), a recently discovered Unc5 family member which is found in normal tissues and downregulated in cancer cell lines and tissues. Aim of the study was to assess the expression of YAP-1, ANXA10, and UNC5D in PTC and in non-neoplastic tissues of thyroid gland using immunohistochemistry to evaluate their clinical significance and prognostic values in PTC patients. In the present prospective study, we took samples from 60 patients with PTC and 30 samples from non-neoplastic thyroid tissues for YAP-1, ANXA10, and UNC5D immunohistochemistry. All the patients were followed up for assessment of the prognostic, clinical, and pathological of their expression. Upregulation of YAP-1 and ANXA10 in addition to downregulation of UNC5D was found in PTC tissues more than non-neoplastic thyroid tissues. In PTC tissues, there were positive associations between high YAP-1 and ANXA10 expression, low UNC5D expression, tumor size (P = 0.022, 0.011, 0.014), presence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.005, < 0.001, 0.008), and inferior disease-free survival rate (P = 0.003, 0.01, 0.03). Upregulation of YAP-1 and ANXA10 expression and downregulation of UNC5D was associated with bad clincopathological criteria, disease progression, high incidence of disease recurrence, and poor survival.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is an enzyme accountable for the detoxification of aldehydes. Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX-9) plays a role in many biological and pathological processes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of ALDH1 and SOX9 expression in early breast cancer.
The expression of ALDH1 and SOX-9 was evaluated through immunohistochemistry derived from 50 eligible patients with early breast cancer included in the current prospective cohort study.
Positive expression of ALDH1 and SOX-9 were detected in 29 (58%) and 34 (68%) patients, respectively. The positive expressions of both markers were statistically significant associated with increasing the stage, lymph nodes metastasis, high Ki67 labeling index, and molecular subtypes (P < 0.001), along with with the biological markers; estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 over-expressions, and large tumor size (P = 0.039, P = 0.022, P = 0.024 and P = 0.003 for ALDH1 expression and P = 0.012, P = 0.007, P = 0.004 , and P = 0.002 for SOX-9 expression, respectively). There is a significant positive association between the expression of ALDH1 and SOX-9, r (correlation coefficient) = +0.806 (P < 0.001). Local recurrence was associated with the positive expression of ALDH1 only (P = 0.045) and the disease progression was statistically significant and associated with the positive expression of both ALDH1 and SOX-9 (P = 0.038, P = 0.023, respectively). There was significant association of positive expression of SOX-9 with reduced 3-y disease-free survival (P = 0.039).
Positive expression of ALDH-1 and SOX9 were associated with aggressive histopathological features and poor outcome in early breast cancer and can be considered potential prognostic markers in this group of patients.

Kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) has an important role in mitosis of cytoplasmic separation process. Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) is a protein ligase E3 ubiquitin in tyrosine kinase pathways, involved in numerous cell types.The current study aimed to evaluate the tissue expression of KIF23 and c-Cbl in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and normal gastric mucosa using immunohistochemistry and to investigate the correlation among their expressions, clinicopathological parameters, and the prognosis of patients in order to detect their role in the progression of GC and patientsi prognosis. We conducted this prospective study on 120 samples retrieved from 120 patients; 80 samples were taken from GC patients and 40 from normal gastric mucosa. We assed tissue protein expression of KIF23 and c-Cbl using immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the correlations between KIF23 and C-Cbl expression with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters of patients. KIF23 expression level in GC tissues was positively correlated with high pTNM stage (P = 0.001), larger tumor size (P = 0.010), high tumor grade (P = 0.006), poor overall survival (P < 0.001), disease-free survival rates (P = 0.003), and tumor recurrence after therapy (P = 0.004). c-Cbl expression level in GC tissues was positively correlated with early pTNM stage (P = 0.003), lower tumor grade (P = 0.005), the absence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023), good response to therapy (P = 0.002), and the absence of tumor recurrence after the therapy (P = 0.004). The high KIF23 expression and low c-Cbl expression in GC tissues were attributed to progression and poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients.

Gankyrin is an oncoprotein incriminated in cancer growth, invasion, and spread. Snail1 is associated with mesenchymal features acquisition that is related to invasion and metastasis of malignant cells. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) has been found to be mutated in several cancers, which leads to altered cellular metabolism and tumorgenesis. The present study aimed to assess Gankyrin, Snail1, and IDH1 expression patterns and compare them to clinicopathological and prognostic parameters. In our prospective cohort study, the samples taken from 60 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients were processed, diagnosed, graded, staged, and subjected to immunohistochemistry for Gankyrin, Snail1, and IDH1. The patients were chosen, treated, and followed up from January 2015 to December 2019. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed. High expression levels of Gankyrin were positively associated with high grade (P = 0.003), stage (P = 0.033), and size of the tumor (P = 0.049), in addition to lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.01), distant metastases (P = 0.007), higher incidence of tumor progression, unfavorable 5-year PFS, and OS rates (P < 0.001). High expression levels of Snail1 were positively associated with high grade (P = 0.004) and stage (P = 0.023) of the tumors, on top of lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.003), distant metastases (P = 0.002), higher incidence of tumor progression, poorer fiveyear PFS, and OS rates (P < 0.001). High expression levels of IDH1 were negatively associated with low grade (P = 0.002), stage, and size of the tumor and lymph nodes metastasis (P < 0.001), distant metastases (P = 0.041), lower incidence of tumor progression (P = 0.013), better five-year PFS, and OS rates (P < 0.041). We indicated the associations between poor RCC pathological parameters, unfavorable patients’ outcome, high Gankyrin, high Snail1, and reduced IDH1 expression.

Evaluation of cancer cervix prognosis is highly needed for novel targeted therapy and improved outcomes. Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is a novel biomarker that has roles in spindle formation and mitotic progression. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is involved in cell cycle control and carcinogenesis. The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) plays an essential role in cell migration. This study aimed to investigate NUSAP1, MELK, and L1CAM immunohistochemical expression in cancer cervix tissues and detect their prognostic roles. In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated NUSAP1, MELK, and L1CAM expressions of sections from 62 cervical carcinoma cases using immunohistochemistry. NUSAP1, MELK, and L1CAM expression correlated with tumor high grade, advanced FIGO stage, poor survival rates, and higher recurrence rate after successful therapy (p <0.001). Expression of NUSAP1, MELK, and L1CAM in cancer cervix was associated with poor prognosis.

Diagnosis and discrimination of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is critical to select the appropriate treatment regimen as recently targeted therapies require accurate subtyping of NSCLCs. There are currently several biomarkers that could be used for differentiation between LUAD and LUSC, but they have less sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. The aimof this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of CLCA2, SPATS2, ST6GALNAC1, and Adipophilin tissue expression in the tissues retrieved from LUAD and LUSC patients using immunohistochemistry.

The current study was performed on the samples retrieved from sixty primary lung masses that were diagnosed as LUAD and LUSC. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using a panel of CLCA2, SPATS2, and ST6GALNAC1. We assessed the diagnostic roles of the studied markers in the discrimination between LUAD and LUSC and their prognostic values.

SPATS2 and CLCA2were expressed more in LUSC than LUAD. ST6GALNAC1 and Adipophilin were expressed more in LUAD than LUSC (p <0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of CLCA2, SPATS2, ST6GALNAC1 and Adipophilin in adequate subtyping and reaching the accurate diagnosis was 100%. We found only significant differences in survival rates between the patients with negative and positive CLCA2expression (p =0.038 and p =0.019, respectively).

The combination of CLCA2, SPATS2, ST6GALNAC1, and Adipophilin lead to the adequate subtyping of lung cancer and reaching accurate diagnosis with the highest sensitivity and specificity.

Most patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland (PTC) have favorable outcome, but since it has severe capability to invade the nearby tissues, there is a great risk of regional and distal lymph-nodes (LNs) metastases related to poor prognostic parameters, early recurrences, and distant metastasis that lead to bad patient outcome. Discovering other prognostic biomarkers for this cancer helps to detect early recurrences, invasion, expecting patient outcome, and possible use as therapeutic-targets for it. The fork-head-box-E-1 (FOX-E-1), with the alternative name of thyroid-transcription- factor-2 (TTF-2), is one of the transcription factors families that is huge and contains a special fork-head-domain. It has a significant role in the differentiation and maturation of thyroid-follicular cells. Stress-induced phosphor-protein-1 (STIP-1), with the alternative name of heat-shock-protein-(HSP)-organizing protein, is a 62.6-kD protein, with three parts of tetra-trico-peptide repeats (TPR), and is capable of interaction with heat-shock proteins forming structures that have plethora of roles in variable cellular processes; e.g., cell cycles regulations, transcriptions, and RNA splicing.
The current study aimed at exploring the relationship between FOXE-1 and STIP-1 expressions, the clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, and survival of patients with PTC.
The current study explored FOXE-1 and STIP-1 expressions by the immunohistochemical methods in 36 paraffin blocks retrieved from 36 patients of PTC, analyzed the relationships between their levels of expression, clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, and survival of patients.
The high expression levels for both FOXE-1 and STIP-1 in PTC were associated with larger size of the tumor, extra-thyroidal extension, vessels invasion, LNs spread (P Patients with advanced PTC and unfavorable prognosis had high levels of both FOXE-1 and STIP-1 expressions.