omid jafari

Fish population segregation through diagnostic morphometric traits has a great importance in fish conservation and fisheries management programs. In the current study, morphometric variations of 31 morphometric characteristics of Alosa braschnikowi was investigated in the Southern Caspian Sea in three provinces including Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan, during winter 2021. The average standard length (±SD) was 231.73±4.38, 231.52±4.14 and 200.93±32 in Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan, respectively. The results obtained from the one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in 17 out of 31 morphometric traits. The PCA showed that the investigated areas can be distinguished through nine components, so that the main changes in the first component (PC1) are in the head area while variations in the pectoral and dorsal fins were identified as important through the second component (PC2). Investigating the growth pattern of A. braschnikowi illustrated a negative allometric growth for Anzali (b=2.78) and Sari (b=2.61) regions while Miankaleh (b=3.12) had a positive allometric growth pattern. Furthermore, condition factors estimation revealed a better nutritional condition in Anzali (CF=1.10) and Miankaleh (CF=1.09) compared to Sari region (CF=0.71). Morphometric-based clustering showed that there are at least two separate populations of A. braschnikowi in the studied areas of the Southern Caspian Sea. Due to the evenness in sampling season and way of sampling, it seems that the environmental features in each region have caused the ensuing high morphological diversity in A. braschnikowi, however, investigations through molecular methods are needed for this claim. Considering the high rate of morphometric variations in Alosa genus in the Caspian Sea, the usage of machine-learning based analytical methods is highly recommended for future studies.

The Islamic revolution of Iran in 1979 caused the replacement of a pro-western government with an Islamic republic which also affected the broadcast of foreign audio-visual products on the State TV. As such products contained taboos, some specific translation strategies seemed necessary according to Islamic laws. This study aimed to investigate how the State TV has dealt with taboos during the first and second twenty years of the Islamic Republic. To this end, four audio-visual products including Secret Army (1977) and Captain Tsubasa (1983) broadcast during the 1980s and 1990s and Wall-E (2008) and House of Cards (2013) aired in the 2000s and 2010s respectively by the State TV were selected. Procedures suggested by Brownlie (2007) were utilized to analyse taboo translation. The findings indicated that the most frequent procedure was changing taboos to irrelevant expressions in Secret Army and Captain Tsubasa, and Wall-E. This procedure was not included in Brownlie’s framework. But the most frequent one in House of Cards was toning down. It was concluded that procedures for taboo translation have been inconsistent during all these four decades and the reason might be ideological and political. Consequently, such inconsistencies may disrupt the logical relation the directors intended to create between their works and their audience and the sudden leniency of IRIB in translating taboos in the House of Cards series for ideological and political purposes may also lead to distrust of the Iranian audience.

Sedentary life style may affect dental health, growth, and general well-being of children, requiring the participation of health care providers. The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between oral health (dental plaque index) and sedentary lifestyle pattern in children. In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study, 219 children aged 8 to 12 from the schools of Shahrekord city were selected by cluster random sampling in 2021–2022. After obtaining informed consent, parents filled a questionnaire about their child lifestyle pattern. Children chew disclosing agent and then Plaque index was recorded by examination according to tooth coloring pattern. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient, K-square in SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05. The mean dental plaque index was 1.37±0.53 in the total population of Shahrekord children (1.23±0.49 in girls and 1.54±0.55 in boys). Children spend most of their time studying and watching television and spend less time on calls and listening to music. There was no significant relationship between the mean score of overall sedentary entertainment and plaque index (p-value=0.092). However, there was a direct and significant relation between watching television and computer games with dental plaque index (p-value˂0.05). Increasing sedentary entertainment in children, such as watching television or playing computer games, may affect children’s oral health. Therefore, it is important for dentists to consider children’s lifestyle as an influencing factor in oral health.

Using cryopreservation techniques are so important in conducting brood stock selection programs, species protection, and accessibility to the spermatozoa throughout the year. Normally, in the conventional method in Iran, the formulation based on egg yolk and DMSO has been employed to freeze the sturgeon sperm. In the present study, the MT extender (Modified Tsvetkova’s) which consists of the main components of methanol, sucrose, potassium chloride, and Tris has been used for the preservation of Acipenser stellatus spermatozoa, without using chemical substance DMSO and egg yolk. Our results demonstrated that the frozen sperm had at least 30% motility after one year of storage in nitrogen tank. The results of this research show that this extender could be used to preserve Acipenser stellatus spermatozoa. Since the sperm’s concentration of sturgeon species are similar, the usage of the MT extender can be suggested for other species of the sturgeons.

Sturgeons are known as one of the most valuable fish species in the Caspian Sea and other water bodies across the world. These fishes are highly important both in caviar production and by-products such as leather from the skin. 17 out of 24 sturgeon species are categorized in critically endangered species based on the IUCN red list and all of the five available species in the Caspian Sea have this situation. The most important reasons for the sharp reduction of the sturgeons are illegal haunting for Caviar extraction, loss of nursery grounds, diminishing the water flow from the rivers and water pollution. Sex determination of these fish species is usually time-consuming and invasive, and genetic markers based on traditional methods were not able to solve this problem. Hence, the sex determination of sturgeons in early stages is possible now using the molecular markers obtained from modern techniques, which can be of great importance in terms of aquaculture management in sturgeon farms.

In aquaculture industry, genomic selection has a profound potential to improve the genetic programs and production systems. Genomic selection benefits from both the actual relationship between animals and information from genomic markers in strong LD with commercially and biologically important genes. In this paper, technical progresses, practical requirements and commercial applications of genomic selection in aquaculture will be discussed. Using cost-effective genome sequencing, the genotyping capability in all type of organisms even those with no previous genetic knowledge has been provided. Usage of genomic selection proposes advantages more than traditional aquaculture through accurate estimation of polygenic complex traits such as disease resistance, increase the genetic gain, minimizing the inbreeding and negating the limiting effects of genotype by environment interactions. Based on the performed studies, implementation of a genomic selection program can reduce the rates inbreeding up to 81%. At the moment, the genomic selection is now at the position which can be involved in commercial breeding programs to suggest long and/or short term solutions towards reaching the commercial sustainable aquaculture.

Life of people is so interrelated with language that it is not imaginable without it. The effect of language on social, political and cultural life seems to be undeniable as it is observed in many daily events. Besides, translators and interpreters are surrounded with thoughts, beliefs and ideologies and do their task of changing a source language to a target one under their influence, consciously or unconsciously. This is evident in the performance of translators and interpreters who work in various media and must obey dominant ideologies of their workplaces and this can affect the macro/micro-strategies utilized by them in their jobs. Translation and interpretation as two processes that require rewriting have sufficient background for distancing themselves from reality and facts and guiding mindsets towards a specific direction. Indeed, translation is regarded as a mirror that does not reflect light, but produces it. This means that novel ideologies are produced in translation task. The fact that dominant ideology belongs to dominant classes in majority of societies causes us to seek ways and approaches that help to consolidate and reinforce this ideology. Each translator and interpreter tries to impose their ideology through some realities and facts, consciously or unconsciously. The imposed ideology may not work systematically and consistently in conducting personal translation projects, but when such projects are administered in the media that belong to dominant ideologies it seems that translators’ minds are consciously involved in stabilizing the prevailing hegemony. Ideology is a subject that requires particular attention paid by researchers of translation studies. Lots of theoreticians have even claimed that translation is a conflict point for ideologies and each translation is ideological. Ideology itself is a combination of action-oriented beliefs and regarding the relation between ideology and translation, it can be indicated at each level of translation process that if linguistic considerations come to conflict with ideological ones, the latter win.  Translation or interpretation is not just transferring meaning from a language to another and can have a considerable share among rival ideologies. Translation and interpretation are ideological-wise since they can import a collection of values and beliefs (relating to historical eras and social positions) to a target culture. In line with serving domestic interests of target languages, translation or interpretation chooses an ideological solution for linguistic and cultural differences of a source text. Even some theorists have discussed the interaction between ideology and translation and believe that ideology has an important role in translation act and due to the fact that translation and interpretation serve political aims, they affect the choice of texts for translation, translation strategies and propagation of some translated texts. Translation is also considered as the most influential form of rewriting because it can be an indicator of a writer’s image and their works in another culture and can move them beyond cultural borders. Therefore, translation can be utilized as a tool for expressing a translator’s approval or disapproval of any ideology. Indeed, translation means creating new readership for a source text. This article aimed to investigate the controversial and contentious relation between translation and ideology regarding simultaneous English interpretation of Iranian president Hassan Rouhani’s speech in the UN in 2017 conducted in Press TV channel of Iran and France 24 channel of France in order to clarify whether ideology of these interpreters affected the interpretations or not. This speech was aired in numerous international TV channels as it was considered as a response to American President, Donald Trump’s speech against Iran in the UN the earlier day and many channels interpreted Iranian president’s speech simultaneously due to its significance and sensitivity. To this end, their interpretations were compared to each other, utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis and Van Dijk’s theoretical background. The results of this study indicated that both interpretations carried out by these news channels were intentionally or unintentionally under the influence of their respective ideologies. Ideological differences of investigated interpretations prove the fact that France 24 interpreter has deleted or added some parts of Iranian president’s speech and it might be caused by increasing reinforcement of Iranphobia by Western news channels, while the interpreter of Press TV channel has tried his best to remain loyal to contents of the speech and highlight ideas and comments of Rouhani with possible minor alterations. Consequently, the results of this study can confirm the existence of ideological conflicts between Iran and Western countries and these differences might be caused by ideological backgrounds of these two interpreters. As Nord (2003) believes, any decision making in translation is consciously or unconsciously affected by ideological criteria.

Pelvic ring fractures (PRF) and acetabular fractures (AF) are among the most challenging orthopedic injuries. These injuries usually involve operative fixation, with considerable delay after the accident. There are limited studies regarding the effects of delayed surgery on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in these patients.

In this study, the effect of delayed fixation of PRF and AF on the risk of preoperative VTE was investigated.

There were 86 patients with PRF and/or AF enrolled in the current study. Preoperatively, the presence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was examined utilizing Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU). The time interval between accident and CDU was recorded (time delay). Finally, the time delay was compared between patients with and without DVT formation.

The CDU revealed the presence of DVT in lower limb veins of 11 patients (12.8%). The time delay between the accident and CDU was significantly longer in patients with DVT formation (12.4 ± 4.1 days versus 7.6 ± 2.4 days; P < 0.001).

Delayed fixation of PRF and AFmay increase the risk of preoperative VTE. The authors suggest surgical fixation in these patients as soon as possible in cases without definite contraindication for early fixation.

In order to estimate the length- weight relationships and variations in the morphological straits of Aphanius vladykovi¡ 60 samples were caught from Madar-Dokhtar (mean standard Length: 32.71±4.01) and Ordoval springs (mean standard length: 30.72±3.92)¡ during the fall season (30 specimens for each location). The growth pattern in Gandoman was negative allometric for both males (b=2.06) and females (b=2.53)¡ while in Naghneh the growth pattern was Isometric and positive allometric for males (b=3.20) and females (b=3.46)¡ respectively. The condition factor value (CF) indicated the better nutritional conditions in Gandoman compared to Naghneh (P

In this study, the mortality effects of commercial gasoline at different tested concentrations were evaluated on the common roach (Rutilus caspicus) and LC50 values for each time period (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) have been determined.
Roach with an average weight of 3.1 ± 0.45 g and lengths of 4 ± 0.25 cm were used in this study. After transferring the 200 fish to the laboratory, they were kept in tanks of 100 liters for one week to adapt them to the experimental conditions. After the adaptation period, 100 fish were selected randomly and divided into 14 treatments (0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 100 ppm commercial gasoline). The treatments were completed in triplicate.
The results of this study show that the 96-hour LC50 of commercial gasoline is 600.2 ± 0.44 ppm and the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) is 60.02 mg/L.
The study demonstrates the deadly effects of commercial gasoline on the Caspian roach. Spillage of diesel and gasoline fuels from transport tankers can enter rivers and eventually the marine ecosystem, and reach nursery and spawning areas where it can become a serious threat to fish survival.

This study was conducted to apply the landmark-based geometric morphometrics technique to differentiate three species of the genus Paracobitis (P. iranica، P. malapterura and P. rhadinaeus) in Iran based on their body shape، because previous works، using traditional morphometrics، could not distinct them. A total of 150 specimens were sampled from the Zaringol، Madarsoo، Ghomrood، Kordan Rivers and Chahnimeh reservoir. The left side of the specimens was photographed using a digital camera and then fifteen landmark-points were digitized on two-dimensional images using TpsDig2. Landmark data were analyzed after a generalised procrustes analysis using PCA، CVA and cluster analysis. The patterns of body shape differences among the populations were illustrated in the deformation grids in relation to consensus configuration. The results showed a significant differences among the studied species and their populations in terms of morphological traits (P<0. 0001). Some differences were found in the length and depth of head، depth of body، caudal peduncle length and position of eye and position of dorsal fin. The result also showed that P. iranica from Kordan River can be considered to be a distinct taxon compared to the Ghomrood taxon based on its morphological characteristics. In addition، our findings revealed that the geometric morphometrics approach can be a proper tool for morphological and taxonomic studies in species with small sizes including Nemachelinae.

The aim of this study was to access the genetic differentiation of Paraschistura sp. in Kheirabad and Brim Rivers (Zohreh River System, Persian Gulf Basin), Iran. For this purpose, 60 samples including 30 male and 30 female samples from each river were collected. A total of six microsatellite loci (Bbar4, Bbar7, IC228, IC230, IC434 and IC720) were used and all of them showed high polymorphism (PIC= 0.87). The average numbers of observed alleles per loci in Kheirabad and Brim rivers were 13.5 and 12.5, respectively. The mean of observed heterozygosity values were 0.53 and 0.59 in Kheirabad and Brim rivers, respectively. The bottleneck analysis did not show any evidence of genetic bottleneck in these two rivers. Approximately all of loci showed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The genetic distance between the two populations was 0.629, indicating high genetic diversity of these two populations. The results of Molecular Variance Analysis revealed that genetic diversity within populations was 97 percent while between them was 3 percent. The FST value was 0.02 that indicates the low genetic differentiation between the two populations that could be explained by historical migrations in the past times. Also, the number of migrants (Nm) between the two populations was obtained 9.142. Finally, it seems that Paraschistura sp. has an adequate level of genetic diversity in the studied habitats, but the conservation programs are needed to ensure survival of this species in all of its geographical distributions.

In the present study, the levels of the hypoxia-inducible factors (hif-1, hif-2) transcripts were evaluated during development of an ancient fish species, Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) in a normal oxygen environment. The transcripts of hif-1, hif-2 were detected in all developmental time-points of H. huso from embryos to juvenile fish. Changes in normalized hif-1, hif-2 mRNA expression by using the RPL6 over development was statistically significant over time (P

The present study was carried out to determine population structure of Alosa braschnikowi، one of the endemic species in the Caspian Sea، with five polymorphic microsatellite loci (AsaD030، AsaD042، AsaC249، AsaD312، AsaC051). Fifty six specimens of A. braschnikowi were collected from Gomishan and Miankaleh (28 specimens for each population) in Golestan province. The results showed that the average observed heterozygosity for Gomishan and Miankaleh were 0. 536 and 0. 514، respectively، with an average of 0. 525 for the two populations. The number of observed alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 17 with an average of 12. 4 alleles. Average number of effective allele in Gomishan and Miankaleh was calculated 8. 53 and 7. 61. Also، in eight cases of 10 tests in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium there was statistically significant deviation (P<0. 001). The average amount of gene flow and Fis were 17. 34 and 0. 395، respectively. The Fst value was 0. 016 which was indicative of the low genetic differentiation between the Gomishan and Miankaleh populations that could be due to the natural migration of the fishs. The results for molecular variance analysis based on Fst index، exhibited that genetic diversity within population was only 1 percent and among populations was 99 percent. The results of present study showed that although the genetic diversity of A. braschnikowi in Golestan province was appropriate، it is possible that genetic bottleneck will arise in future years.

In this study, five Microsatellite loci were used to evaluate genetic diversity of A. braschnicowi between two populations of the Caspian Sea. Sixty samples were collected from the coasts of Mahmodabad and Sari (30 specimens for each population). Five Microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic among all samples. The number of alleles per locus observed ranged from 17 to 32 and averaged 14.1 alleles across two populations. The average observed heterozygosis in Mahmodabad and Sari were 57.1% to 60.1% and average observed heterozygosis between two populations was 58.9%. Among 10 population-locus (5 loci × 2 populations) only two tests were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, so highly deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found. The average values of Fis and Nm were 0.33 and 14.19, respectively. Also AMOVA on base Fst index showed low genetic difference between two populations (2%), while the genetic diversity within population was 98%. Due to allelic diversity and estimates of heterozygosity, these markers can be useful in Alosa genus for population level analysis in the Caspian Sea.