omid nikbakht

This study aimed to examine the impact of teacher-student relationship quality and the quality of the educational environment on the academic engagement of elementary students in Tehran. The study sought to explore the relationship between these factors and students' academic engagement to understand their role in enhancing motivation and participation in learning. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 elementary students in Tehran. The sample was selected through cluster random sampling. Data collection tools included the Student Engagement Questionnaire, the Teacher-Student Relationship Scale, and the Classroom Environment Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-27. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between variables, and multiple linear regression was employed to predict academic engagement based on the independent variables. The results indicated that both teacher-student relationship quality (r = 0.45, p < 0.01) and educational environment quality (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) were significantly correlated with students' academic engagement. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that these two independent variables explained 28% of the variance in academic engagement (R² = 0.28, p < 0.001). Both variables were significant predictors of students' academic engagement. This study demonstrated that the quality of the teacher-student relationship and the educational environment play critical roles in enhancing students' academic engagement. Improving these factors can effectively boost students' motivation and participation in learning. The findings can assist policymakers and educational administrators in designing effective programs to improve the quality of education and increase students' academic motivation.

This article examines the impact of Virtual Reality (VR)-based educational programs on enhancing the learning of complex concepts. Given the challenges in teaching complex and abstract concepts, there is a growing need for innovative educational methods. Virtual Reality technology, by providing interactive and simulated environments, offers students the opportunity to experience and deeply understand these concepts. Using a descriptive analysis method, this study reviews and analyzes existing research in this field. The findings indicate that the use of VR can significantly improve the understanding of complex concepts and enhance memory retention. However, challenges such as high costs, the need for technical expertise, and technical issues still hinder the widespread implementation of this technology in educational settings. Finally, this article identifies existing research gaps and provides suggestions for future research.