فهرست مطالب omid rahaei

Extended Abstract Observations show that most of the cattle barns built in Iran are in the form of sheds, and during their design phase, limited consideration is given to ventilation conditions, despite the significant need for it, as well as the air circulation patterns within the barns. This oversight leads to numerous issues in the field, with the well-being of the animals subsequently affected. The main goal of the article is to improve the ventilation of in cattle barns, through architecture, in such a way that the optimal and uniform air flow is established throughout the environment, at the level where animals live. According to the nature of the subject, the current research is an interdisciplinary research and a hybrid research method is applied using experimental research strategies, simulation and case study. In the first stage, after identifying the statistical population (cattle barns in the cold region), their current situation was investigated empirically, and after scrutinizing the problem and finding the research variables, the initial plan (case sample) was proposed and modeled. The desired model was first meshed with Gambit, subsequently undergoing simulation via the FLUENT software employing the CFD methodology. Adjustments were introduced to its architectural design, followed by the analysis and formulation of conclusions. The results show that, by making minimal architectural changes to the barn and the openings, it is feasible to enhance the airflow pattern within it. This can effectively establish internal air circulation, diminish temperature disparities among various barn sections, minimize temperature fluctuations, and lower energy consumption.  Considering its interdisciplinary nature, the research employs a hybrid approach that combines experimental research, simulation, and case study strategies. The research encompasses all cattle barns in cold climates as the statistical population. The chosen case study focuses on a cattle barn designed for approximately 250 cows in the city of Salmas. The research findings indicate that enhancing the architectural layout and positioning of openings, along with their primary composition, can lead to improved ventilation in cattle barns and a more uniform airflow within them. The research utilizes numerical simulation, specifically in the case of a Salmas city cattle barn, validated previously through Olsen’s experimental methods (Rahaei, 2014, 2013). The validation of this method is well-established and is based on Nagano’s (1990) validated technique, utilizing a zero-equation method and model. The numerical calculations are conducted using the computational fluid dynamics method, employing the Gambit preprocessor for meshing and Fluent software for network analysis. Considering the research goal of enhancing airflow and subsequently ventilation in cattle barns in climates similar to Salmas city (the cold climate), various scenarios of a common case study were examined in a two-dimensional manner. Initially, longitudinal sections were analyzed, followed by transverse sections of the cattle barn. In all scenarios, the energy equation was activated. The optimal condition involves a smooth and favorable inward airflow through side windows. Afterward, this airflow undergoes conditioning as it passes through the radiators installed in the windows and, if necessary, proper dehumidification is achieved with the assistance of mist sprinklers. Minimal energy is drawn from the lower part of the area occupied by the animals and is expelled through the roof opening. Based on the above-mentioned resources, the following are suggested in the case of longitudinal and transverse ventilation of cold climate cattle farms:1. Unpredicted entry of outside air into the interior of cattle barns should be strictly avoided.2. If the entire space of the barn is used, the use of a longitudinal one-way ventilation mechanism is required, while all the openings are closed. It is recommended to incorporate a temperature control source, such as a radiator, positioned at a height of 3 meters above the main floor level, equipped with both hot and cold water supply, at one side of the barn. Simultaneously, a suction device (jet fan) should be installed at floor level on the opposite side, expelling air outward. In this setup, fresh outdoor air, having passed through the radiator, becomes conducive and enters the enclosure. Following even distribution of this air to achieve a desirable temperature within the environment, it exits through the suction system located on the opposite side. Additionally, a pressure regulating valve should be installed at the lower level of the side housing the radiator, which can be closed during colder seasons.3. If it is possible to change the interior space of the cattle barn, lateral ventilation is suggested from both sides.4. In general, transverse ventilation with a roof valve is more efficient than ventilation along the cattle barn.

Knowing the environment is important in architectural analysis. In the theory of environmental organization, which is the introduction to the knowledge of the environment, Rappaport considers humans to give order and meaning to their surroundings in order to provide interaction with others in addition to dynamics by creating an orderly environment. From Rappaport's point of view, the concept of environment is derived from culture and social activities, it is a structural result of space, time, meaning and relationships and a set of fixed, semi-fixed and non-fixed components in the environment, and the adaptation of the four components in traditional architecture is more than modern. In this research and with the aim of investigating and understanding the environmental components and knowledge used in traditional buildings and the type of interaction of humans in the past with the environment and the order of the environment, the Narenjestan Qavam complex in Shiraz will be studied. The present research was extracted by examining the library sources, Rappaport's ideas about his environmental organization theory and its components. Then, with the field observation of Narenjestan Qavam complex, the compliance of the building with the theoretical components was investigated. The result is that the physical elements play a prominent role in the spatial organization of the building and the spatial order also affects the meaning, time and relationships. It also helps to confirm the compatibility of the theory and four principles of environmental organization with traditional and native architecture.

Traditional geometric patterns in architecture and decoration are rooted in the cultural identity of each region and in cities such as Dezful, they display its special cultural and identity characteristics. In Dezful, the geometric patterns of the bricks, known as the khavoon chini are one of the hallmarks of the citychr('39')s cultural identity. Due to the hot climate of Dezful, the architects used hollow walls with the mentioned patterns to shade with climatic purposes. The traditional styles created in each region are the result of the experience of people who tried to create the best performance for the buildings of the region by using local elements and materials. As in Dezful, by using bricks and geometric patterns, in addition to creating special decorative elements of the region (khavoon chini), they have been thinking of creating shade in the high temperature of the city. The important point is that the thermal behavior of these patterns has not been compared and how in contemporary architecture these patterns can improve the thermal performance of walls is unknown. This study tries to revive the cultural identity of the region by using traditional geometric patterns such as khavoon chini, to provide a solution to improve the thermal behavior of hollow shaded walls and by examining the thermal behavior of these designs, to suggest an optimal model that revives the cultural identity of the city. , Have a good performance in terms of climate. The research method of this research is a combined method that in addition to historical interpretive studies, includes experimental and simulation methods. First, with the help of library and field studies, geometric patterns and native patterns were studied and classified, and then the thermal behavior of these patterns on the outer wall of the double-walled wall was analyzed by simulation. In this research, simulations were performed with Energy Plus software. The results showed that the use of traditional patterns in order to revive cultural identity in the form of geometric facades, has a very good climatic performance and reduce the indoor temperature by several degrees in the warmer months of the year. The type of geometric pattern used in the outer wall, the climatic function of the walls is different and each role requires a specific function. Accordingly, cross patterns have performed better.

Today, the use of solar energy as a cheap and renewable source in the construction industry has become one of the major concerns worldwide. One way to harness solar power is to use a solar chimney in the building. The solar chimney acts as a passive natural ventilation system or as a thermal insulator based on pressure displacement caused by air pressure fluctuations inside the chimney shaft. This chimney usually consists of glass, duct, and absorber surface. The air in the chimney is heated by solar energy and moves upwards due to the chimney effect, which can increase the natural ventilation in the adjacent spaces. In hot and semi-humid climate buildings, windows are usually closed to prevent direct sunlight. Therefore, solar chimneys can establish airflow and supply fresh air indoors. The ventilation process in buildings of Ahvaz city, due to particular climatic conditions (hot and semi-humid), is essential. Also, air conditioning is costly, consuming a great amount of energy. Therefore, this study aims to find appropriate criteria for the effective design and implementation of solar chimneys in houses in Ahvaz to establish an effective flow inside the air duct in seasons requiring thermal comfort conditions and to create effective ventilation inside the interior spaces through stack effect. This study aims to find a suitable model for designing solar chimneys for the southern (equator-facing) rooms of houses in Ahvaz city (hot and semi-humid climate) to improve the thermal comfort of residents by using solar energy effectively and reducing energy consumption significantly.

This research combines different methods due to its interdisciplinary nature. Research variables and models were identified in the first stage using an experimental strategy. The physical structure of the room and the solar chimney were studied as independent variables and the room interior temperature as a dependent variable in this study. A digital thermometer was used for experimental thermometry tests in the case sample. The statistical population selected in this study includes southern rooms in apartments in Ahvaz. The statistical population is a small room as a random case sample. In the next step, solar chimneys were modeled in Ecotect software, and a simulation method was used to analyze the data and intervene in the architecture. The simulations were performed using Energy Plus software version 8.7.0 and the existing weather data (regarding the literature). Also, the simulations were calculated linearly and thermodynamically by TARP thermal model method prepared by Walton (1983) in the software. The Fangar comfort model, PMV index, and PPD were used in the next step of data analysis. Finally, the experimental data were compared to the simulated data to investigate research validity and reliability. Thus, the research method is a combination of experimental strategies, simulation, and a case study. Bibliographic studies, field observations, field measurements, and simulations were used as research tools.

In this study, four different models of solar chimneys on a specific day were studied to investigate the effect of geometry on the model discharge. Also, the thermal comfort (of the first model) was studied on a specific day of the year. (The reason for choosing this model is to investigate the chimney effect on the whole space). The simulation data of the first model with dimensions of 1 × 1.16 × 11.60 showed that the thermal comfort level in this type of solar chimney is close to the allowable limit in March, April, May, June, October, and, November, December. According to the diagrams, using this type of chimney is unsuitable in July, August, and September, so this model is not approved. On May 1st, the effect of the number of floors on the thermal performance of the first model was investigated. The results showed that the solar chimney discharge does not always lead to acceptable thermal comfort conditions. Also, four specific geometries were compared regarding the effect of geometry on the solar chimney discharge. According to findings, the solar chimney height was more effective in determining the maximum and average solar chimney flow than its width. According to the results, the third model has a more powerful airflow but drops to zero at certain hours and has no night ventilation. So, having a chimney with a maximum flow is not necessarily appropriate. The best model, according to the comparative method, is the second model with dimensions (2 × 1.16 × 11.60), and then the third model with dimensions (1 × 1.16 × 23.20), with strong airflow powers.

By examining the airflow and thermal comfort conditions in solar chimneys, it was determined that the airflow could create suitable comfort conditions in the building annually. Therefore, the solar chimney with dimensions of 2 × 1.16 × 11.60 (model 2) is suitable for equator-facing rooms with dimensions of 3.5 × 5.9 meters in Ahvaz and can provide comfort levels in the mentioned months. According to the results, this system is needed all year round. When there are no comfort conditions, it is recommended to benefit from mechanical systems, ventilation and air conditioning, green space, and natural ventilation systems for comfort conditions.

The interior design of archeological museums should be such that the least damage is done to the works. Meanwhile, the temperature difference and the lack of uniform air ventilation in the interior of the galleries is one of the influential factors in the destruction of museums. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to standardize the ventilation process in all the interiors of the galleries so that all points have adequate ventilation and the temperature difference is minimized. All tests were performed in the Museum of Antiquities of Shush as a test sample. Due to its nature, this research is considered interdisciplinary, and its research method combines experimental, simulation, and case study strategies. First, periodic tests were performed experimentally in the Museum of Antiquities of Shush (case study). The temperature, speed, and direction of indoor air flow (dependent variable) were measured and recorded during the test period by precision digital devices. Simulations were performed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method with the help of Gambit and Fluent software after proving validity and reliability and architectural interventions were made. Then the data were analyzed, and test results were extracted. Based on the interventions that took place in the architecture and ventilation systems, with only the relocation of the blowers and vacuum cleaners and small changes in the composition of the interior architecture of the galleries, the effective flow of indoor air was established in all interior parts of the galleries. Its interior was improved by 85%.

The interior of airport lounges is often exposed to a lot of noise, which can increase the risk to human health. Due to the dangers of high noise pollution for airport users, the present study was conducted to reduce noise pollution in the transit lounges of Ahvaz International Airport.

This study is considered interdisciplinary and applied research and its method is a combination of experimental, simulation and case study methods. firstly, the acoustic status of Ahwaz International Airport was obtained experimentally by measuring the amount of noise pollution during the test period (8 AM to 2 PM) by the Brüel & Kjær sound level meter model 2260 B&K in twelve places. Then the sound absorbing plates were tested with different geometric models. After proving the validity and reliability of the research, the experiments were performed by simulation using EASE 4.4 software.

In this study, the noise level of the airport lounge is considered as a dependent variable and four sound indices including, reverberation time (RT) (main index), indirect sound index (STI), total sound pressure level (SPL) and auditory error coefficient (〖AL〗_CONSE ) were evaluated according to the international standards ISO3382 and ISO 3382-1.

After the simulation, it was found that the use of raster pattern sound-absorbing plates (Model A in research) in walls and ceilings with different frequencies has the lowest sound pressure and the above-studied indices are at a desirable level. As a result, Model A has the greatest effect on reducing noise in the tested space.

Providing clean and fresh air for students in the classroom is of paramount importance, especially in hot seasons. Based on research findings and evidences, mechanical air conditioning systems are not only expensive, but also consume a lot of energy and produce noise. In sultry conditions of Mazandaran province, this issue is more accentuated since the schools are cooled by evaporative air coolers, while it is possible to use the natural ventilation in a better share of the year, and the schools are closed in warm seasons. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to offer a practical solution that can be architecturally applied to the classrooms to improve the indoor airflow by inducing outdoor ventilation (natural ventilation), and provide a desirable and controllable indoor airflow according to the ASHRAE standard. In most Iranian schools, evaporative air coolers are used in hot seasons to reduce the high costs of air conditioning systems. Observations suggest that evaporative air coolers are also used in hot and humid climate near the Caspian Sea, resulting discomfort, particularly with high levels of humidity. In such cases, the evaporative air coolers are turned off and the windows are opened. Mostly, the induced indoor airflow is not effective, or a high flow of air enters the classroom in these situations. Problem statement: Achieving comfort at schools in sultry conditions in hot and humid weather of northern Iran is challenging, and thus it is necessary to establish an effective air conditioning system in the classrooms. Moreover, natural ventilation is the best solution in these conditions according to the climatic and economic reasons. Natural ventilation should consistently induce airflow in all parts of the classroom at a reasonable velocity. Hence, this research investigates the criteria for designing classrooms in the climate of Amol, considering the position and the general configuration of the openings in the classrooms, and the direction of the prevailing wind to induce a controlled level of natural ventilation in all parts of the classroom. The main purpose of this article is to address these issues.

According to the literature, the present study is interdisciplinary in nature, and uses a combination of methods. The position of the openings and the composition of classrooms were examined as the independent variables, while the status of the indoor airflow was considered as the dependent variable in this research. The airflow velocity and direction were measured by precise digital devices during the test periods. The statistical population selected in this study includes all schools of Amol while a random case study was selected for further experimental tests. In the next step, a simulation method was used to analyze the data for evaluating the architectural interventions. Simulations were performed by computational fluid dynamics

The Gambit pre-processor was used for geometric modeling and grid generation, and Fluent Software was used to analyze the grid. In this study, the  standard model was used to simulate airflow. Thus, this research uses a combination of methodologies including experimentation, simulations and case study.

After examining different tests, an optimal situation was selected according to the following criteria: Increased velocity of the indoor airflow in classrooms which (1) is not disturbing and, (2) provides a consistent airflow for all of the students at all spots of the classroom. Eliminated vortices in indoor airflow Modified airflow direction Properly directed outdoor airflow into the indoor space and an induced desirable airflow According to the interventions made in this study, it was determined that both windows must act as air inlets to establish effective airflow in the classroom. The inlet air pressure to both windows must be approximately the same, and the outlet air flow from both windows must be approximately equal as well. This happens when the building facade and the exterior windows have a stepped configuration, and consequently the outdoor airflow can enter both windows equally. If there is no proper outlet considered for the air entering the classroom, the indoor air flow will be very turbulent. Therefore, devising an appropriate outlet based on the inlet airflow rate can balance the indoor air flow. According to the simulations, an outlet for the indoor air flow should be made within the wall facing the wind. In other words, if the wind is blowing from the west to the east, the indoor air outlet must be projected on the west wall of the classroom. In this case, the exit door should also be devised in the southwest corner of the classroom. Some air outlets can be created (in the western wall) that act as a fan, a suction pipe, or an air outlet opening in the wall facing the wind, so that the air exits through the pipes in the wall. The suction rate of the western wall can regulate the internal air flow. Moreover, if the wind velocity is too high in the outdoor, the suction devices are turned off or slowed-down, and if the wind velocity is low, the suction devices can discharge more air. In this case, the shape of the indoor air flow is optimized and adjusted.

The indoor airflow in the closed architectural space is also a function of the internal partition walls and their positions in the space, in addition to being dependent on the position and conditions of the blowers and suckers of the ventilation systems. Homogeneous and uniform airflow at the employee level is required for the provision of thermal comfort, which is not created mainly due to improper establishment of partition walls, as well as the positions of blowers and suckers, and in some parts, there is no desired airflow. The present study is carried out using a mixed research method involving empirical research, simulation and case study. In the present study, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is applied to predict the velocity and direction of indoor airflow in the closed office space and also to improve the homogeneity of the indoor air flow at the level of the employees of an administrative unit. The comparison between experimental measurements and numerical simulations identifies laboratory errors and confirms the validity of the research method, in addition to increasing the accuracy of calculations. All observations and tests are performed in a randomized case study in Ahvaz (an area with a hot semi-humid climate in which it is required to provide abundant cooling using mixed air conditioning systems). Numerical simulations of this study are carried out using Gambit software and Fluent software. The results show that in addition to the location of the airflow distributor valves, the position of the internal partition walls, in terms of their height, affects the indoor airflow, and the proper design of them can make the indoor airflow homogeneous and predictable

It is essential to provide thermal comfort, and to protect the personnel in administrative spaces from adverse conditions of indoor air quality. That is why using air conditioning systems in modern official buildings is prevalent. According to this research and review of literature, these systems typically have no proper operation in cooling inner spaces of administrative spaces with open plan. So, the current study has been performed with the aim of presenting simple and practical techniques in order to promote the quality of air conditioning in official buildings by intervening in current status of architecture and making changes in the structure of some framework elements. This study is a practical research and its methodology is interdisciplinary. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method was used and some experimental tests were carried out. At the beginning and after initial observations, a case study was selected randomly. The case was an administrative building in Abadan with an open plan (Yadavaran Project). Using experimental observations and some interviews with the staff, some effective independent variables have been identified. Whereas the dependent variables of the research are indoor airflow directions, its velocity, and the internal temperature. Using some digital devices for measurements was necessary, i.e. some thermometers and two hot wire airflow meters. Accordingly, some test points were chosen and the devices were installed in the right places for the periodic tests. In order to obtain more precise results, some simulation analyses were performed on the case study. The CFD simulations in this research were performed using Gambit and Fluent software programs. The programs were validated using experimental evidence and simulations. The analytical method was implemented using Fluent software to analyze the data. A review of literature indicates that in the late 1930s and early 1940s, there was great interest in the field of air engineering. Several codes were determined in this field around the world. Knowledge of indoor airflow in internal spaces is important for three reasons: thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption of the building, and in last two decades, the "indoor air flow" emerged in the form of a new knowledge. So this topic and method were employed in this research. The results of this research show that the architectural elements can affect the indoor air quality and its circulations in internal spaces. It can disrupt the comfort conditions of personnel, meanwhile requires more operation of air condition systems in order to cool the rooms, which increases energy consumption. The periodic experimental tests and the simulations show that, the height of the partitions in administrative spaces, their location, and also the position of air diffusers that provide the fresh air in a MVS system must be computed according to the condition of each administrative unit. The architectural planning criteria of similar cases must be carefully reviewed, aimed at improvement of the indoor airflow and its quality. Thus, the energy consumptions can be reduced and the thermal comfort of the staff can be provided more efficiently.

The natural ventilation is an easy way to exchange the indoor polluted warm air with outdoor fresh air. The wind power injects outdoor fresh air into the building. A good indoor air current and subsequently a proper exhaust depend on the openings’ conditions and their situations. A serious architectural question is under what conditions of the openings the wind-cross ventilation can be effective, and the required indoor air current in the enclosure is established. The purpose of this article is analyzing the conditions of indoor airflow in an analytical architectural model to upgrade the natural ventilation by focusing on opposite opening’s conditions. This research considers some wind driven ventilation manner with respect to openings circumstances in an assumed cubic model. The research method includes a numerical simulation using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. It investigates and compares the performances of different models of airflow currents in a natural ventilation process and subsequently the indoor airflow paths, under the different conditions of the openings in a fixed boundary condition model; the simulations are performed in an assumed model (a 6×6×6m cubic building with just 2 opposite openings in stationary walls as boundaries of the model) by using Gambit and Fluent software. With an analytical method (using Fluent) the gathered data would be analyzed. Finally the results are presented and generalized: the results demonstrate that whatever the wind speed is, the indoor airflow condition depends on the situations of the openings. It means that the quality of winddrive cross ventilation and its path is not depended on the wind speed. Besides for establishing proper natural ventilation, the opposite windows must not be installed in front of each other, or in the same level.

Iranian Islamic gardens like almost every cultures, represent beauty and happiness and improve the public perception. It has also special geometry with philosophical concept related to Islam’s doctrine that is the focus of this research. Following Quran’s contents, paradise is a beautiful sophisticated garden that something flows under its trees. So the comparison between the somatic geometry of Iranian Islamic gardens and the sophisticated conceptual heavenly descriptions of paradise in Quran is the matter of this research. Thus the configurations of the geometry, based on the paths of rivulets and airflow patterns in the gardens are considered here. The research method is interdisciplinary: in the first step, after initial considerations and exploring, the principals of Iranian Islamic garden’s geometry were extracted by a comparative - descriptive method in some selected case studies. The construction of paradise in Quran frames the trajectory of analysis so the next step is analyzing the paths and geometries with a consequential analytical method. Some simulations of the inner wind are presented also. The simulations include a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to illustrate the airflow current in this geometry. The results demonstrate the physical imagination of Quran’s perception of paradise in Iranian Islamic gardens and the flows under the trees that is framed in a heavenly geometry.

Providing welfare status for personnel of industrial plants is necessary and also emphasized in all standards. Preparing fresh, cool and clean air especially in warm seasons is one of the most important duties of plant owners to keep workers safe and healthy. Although in many workshops some cooling and air-conditioning systems (commonly mixing ventilation systems) were installed, most of them have economical problems and may not be energy efficient as the entire room volume gets cooled. The purpose of this article is presenting an executive improved solution in architecture to upgrade existing Mixing Ventilation Systems (MVS) by intervening in architectural variables. The new solution is compared with a traditional MVS taking into account technical and economic performances. The study was carried out resorting to experimental measurements on a single-diffuser pilot installation of the existing MVS in an actual industrial facility. The research method is experimental: the thermometry tests and interviews with workers which were carried out after initial observations and the case study selection. After that some interventions in architecture were impelled and the testes were repeated. To confirm the results, after interventions, a questionnaire was given to the operators, and their answers were registered. A comparison was fulfilled with respect to energy consumption and also the consumed power was checked before and after the interventions. The results demonstrate that architectural alterations based on this research canimprove the quality of existing MVS (Satisfactions of the workers approved the interventions) and reduce the energy consumptions. It could be generalized.

The traditional architecture of the historic cities of Iran (Islamic period) has always reflected the culture of the indigenous people. Moreover، each region’s climate constraints are of the major factors for creation of particular style of architecture. Amid these، the traditional markets in Islamic- Iranian towns have been the most important centers for cultural، social and political activities and are considered very organized systems. This article explores the unique elements of Islamic Iranian architecture of Dezful old Bazaar. It tries to identify their physical characteristics and justify the reasons for their formation، with regard to climatic constraints and the need to establish and conduct a constant flow of air in indoor spaces. For this purpose، a combined method was used: At the first stage، with the experimental strategy development، indigenous elements of Islamic Iranian architecture of Bazaar (research’s variables) were identified and survey data were collected. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive comparing method. In order to validate the results، the indoor air flow of the selected sample was simulated using CFD method. The results indicate that the position of full and empty spaces، squares، proportions of the Bazaar، and the position of openings has created an orderly system that based on the findings of this research determine the flow conditions (as a dependent variable) in the market and each changes causes disrupting the system، comfort and subsequently disrupting its function (as one of the most important factors in giving identity to Islamic Iranian city) And، as has been observed in market developments and renovations، it converts it into a non-functional symbol. Examining the relationship between the Islamic Iranian elements، the present research proposes certain approaches for the development and revival of bazaar.

Production of materials and the building processes monopolize a lot of energy and cause a lot of pollutions for the environment. Emissions of dust due to the building operations in different areas, emission of chemical pollutions due to the production of building materials, fumes & airborne contaminations produced by transportations & transship systems that took building materials to the supposed places, and building rubbles are all some illusions of environmental pollutions due to the building industries on the earth. So it is necessary that the design strategies in new buildings, head to the future with the aim of reducing environmental pollutions. Research This paper with utilizing a comparative method aims to illustrate the tactics of architects and environmentalists in relation to the building industries and to consider the effects on natural ecosystems by evaluating some case studies in the world and some scientific researches in definite terms. Gathering the information was done in a deskwork process with a documentary method. The obligation in this article is considering the futuristic structure designs based on sustainable development purposes in relation to the environment. Finally it is going to propose some easy tactics in design of future buildings with the purpose of reducing environmental pollutions.

Scientific and technological developments particularly after the Industrial Revolution have led to the creation of numerous industrial buildings in city suburbs. Although industrial plants are developed to meet the various needs of humankind, they do entail a series of negative effects and though built in suburban areas they strongly influence urban expansion.
This paper studies the physical impacts of industrial buildings on urban development in Iran. It requires a look into several fields of study and employs a composite research method to proceed. In a deskwork process, the authors first present a summarized history of urban developments in the face of growing industrial advances. They then study the urban expansion of Tehran with the industrial plants developing around it through a comparative method employing maps and documents.
The Tehran Refinery and the Baghershahr residential district are chosen as components of a case study. The authors use questionnaires, conduct interviews and take note of their observations to evaluate the impact of industrial buildings on urban expansion. Finally, an analytical strategy is employed to conclude that industrial plants, which are mainly built in city suburbs as new urban indicators, inevitably affect urban development and people’s lives. The paper ends with a series of proposals for architects and urban developers to reduce the destructive impacts of industrial buildings on urban development.

Scientific and technological developments particularly after the Industrial Revolution have led to the creation of numerous industrial buildings in city suburbs.Although industrial plants are developed to meet the various needs of humankind, they do entail a series of negative effects and though built in suburban areas they strongly influence urban expansion.This paper studies the physical impacts of industrial buildings on urban development in Iran. It requires a look into several fields of study and employs a composite research method to proceed. In a deskwork process, the authors first present a summarized history of urban developments in the face of growing industrial advances. They then study the urban expansion of Tehran with the industrial plants developing around it through a comparative method employing maps and documents.The Tehran Refinery and the Baghershahr residential district are chosen as components of a case study. The authors use questionnaires, conduct interviews and take note of their observations to evaluate the impact of industrial buildings on urban expansion. Finally, an analytical strategy is employed to conclude that industrial plants, which are mainly built in city suburbs as new urban indicators, inevitably affect urban development and people’s lives. The paper ends with a series of proposals for architects and urban developers to reduce the destructive impacts of industrial buildings on urban development.