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The intricate dynamic between idealism and realism, coupled with the challenges of regulating their interrelation, plays a major role in forming social structures and community life. Post-revolutionary systems, having successfully redefined prevailing conditions through the proposition of an idealized state, confront the difficult challenge of defining new paradigms that are consistent with this ideal. Cinema, as a social institution, by means of its narrative language can address profound social dilemmas and actively participate in the representation and organization of conflicts inherent in collective existence, most notably the ideological discord between idealism and realism.Several generations of Iranian filmmakers in the post-Islamic revolution cinema through the perspective of their ideology have concentrated on this issue and provided various interpretations of the dynamic tension between idealistic ambitions and pragmatic reality. In this study, three feature films, “Lottery”, “Majaraye Nimirroz [Midday Adventures]”, and “Rad-e Khoon [Trace of Blood]” by Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian, one of the young directors of Iran who have explored this conflict, are examined through an analytical lens influenced by John Fiske methodology. The findings reveal that in these films idealism manifests itself in conscientiousness, Jihad, and principlism, while realism is represented in concepts such as pragmatism, pacifism, and tolerance. Although the filmmaker seems to favor pragmatic ideas, he perceives both idealism and realism as fundamentally deficient in isolation.

The theory of conventions (I’tibariat) in Islamic philosophy and constructivism theory in social sciences and international relations are both considered to be modern and almost contemporaneous in terms of new formation which, with different origins, natures and fate, has distinct implications and functions in the epistemic and social spheres. This study explicates the two theories and has, for the first time, regards the epistemological and ontological problematic caused by the incompatibility of “realism and constructivism” in the orthodox narratives of the theories in international relations -considered one of the most important philosophical, non-constructivist and interdisciplinary issues- as an entry into contemplation over the philosophical reconstruction of constructivism. In the course of exposition and categorization of the old and new perceptions of the theory of conventions (I’tibariat), the study contends that under an interactive approach, the two concepts could be compatible in a way that its referent is not “relativism” and “social determination of knowledge” or “denial of any subsistence or determination in the outer world”. Ultimately, the study moves away from both “raw realism” and “pure constructivism” approaches, and takes into account a consequent definition in the theory of constructivism that is not anti-realistic alhtough it “denies the external equivalent of conventions”. At the same time, cognitivism would not lose its true meaning either. The outcomes are considered more significant because in parallel with the decline of philosophical and political realism in recent decades and the epistemological confusion resulting from “the incommensurable bipolar epistemological views in international relations, namely the positivist majority on the one hand and a remarkable minority of post-positivists on the other”, the contemporary theorists of international relations have been guided to constructivist theories that the “social theory of international politics” indicates its conventional and social approach, during which and with efforts to reduce the epistemological importance of constructivism, the proposed solution is to resort to positivism and  ontological aspects of constructivism.

Prediction is one of the most important achievements of modeling science, which has a special place in management and decision making. In general, there is a direct relationship between the accuracy of predictions and the quality of made decisions. This is the most important reason why efforts for providing more precise methods of prediction in the subject literature have not stopped despite the existence of numerous methods. The classical Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models are one of the most important and well-known statistical methods that have been frequently used in various sciences. However, these methods, despite all their unique advantages, have some disadvantages, which sometimes reduce their acceptability. One of the most important of these disadvantages is the limitation of the linearity, the limitation of certainty, the limitation of the number of required data, and the limitation of mixed and multiple structures. Many attempts have been made to address these shortcomings and limitations in the literature. In this paper, a method for overcoming the limitation of complex and multiple structures is presented using the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) techniques. In the proposed method, at first, the under-study time series, which is essentially complex and involves several simultaneous structures, is decomposed into its constituent constituents, which are fundamentally less complicated and include fewer structures. Then, each of these simplified structures is predicted using an auto-regressive integrated moving average model. Ultimately, the prediction of each of the main components is combined to formulate final predictions. The results of applying the proposed method to predict the crude oil price, which is among the most complex time series in financial markets, indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical results show that the proposed method can improve the performance of the classic auto-regressive integrated moving average of 65.57% and 53.85% in predicting Texas and Brent crude oil prices.

Spermatogenesis system is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the body. A usual therapeutic dose of radiation such as the conventional 2 Gy in each fraction of radiotherapy and lower doses seen in diagnostic radiology or a radiation disaster affect the process of spermatogenesis potently. Selenium and zinc are two important elements playing key roles in the development of sperms and also have radioprotective effects.

In this study aims to evaluate the radioprotective effect of zinc and selenium against radiation-induced mice testis injury.

In this experimental study, 30 mice were divided equally into 6 groups, including control selenium treated, zinc treated, radiation, radiation + selenium, radiation + zinc. Treatments started from 2 days before irradiation with 2 Gy cobalt-60 gamma rays. After 37 days, all mice were killed for histopathological evaluations.

Results showed that exposure to radiation caused a potent effect on spermatogenesis system. Treatment with selenium reversed these radiation effects potently, while zinc had some limited protective effects. Zinc treatment itself caused a detrimental effect on epididymis and, in combination with radiation, it leads to more damage to seminiferous tubules.

In contrast to previous studies that proposed zinc to protect spermatogenesis against various toxic agents, results of this study showed that although zinc may protect from some parameters, it potentiates radiation damage on seminiferous tubules and has a detrimental effect on the epididymis. By contrast, zinc and selenium could alleviate radiation-induced toxicity on the most of the evaluated parameters.

Periodontal infections are one of the most common diseases of the gum and connective tissue around the teeth and are the main cause of the loss of teeth after decay. The purpose of this study was to identify and sequencing of the periodontal-causing bacteria and its relation with interleukin-6 gene polymorphism by Tetra-Arms-PCR method. In this case-control study, 100 samples (50 periodontal infections and 50 healthy people) were collected under the supervision of a dentist. After genomic DNA extraction using the sinaclon Company Kit, identification of bacterial strains was performed using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Also, after extraction of cellular DNA from blood samples taken, the polymorphism of the genome encoding IL-6 was performed using the Tetra-Arms-PCR method. The sequencing was carried out by the Sanger method and by Bioneer Company, and finally, the MEGA 7 software was scanned to determine the genetic affinity of the phylogeny tree strains. In the present study, bacteria of Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Acroombocator, Granulicatla Adiasens, Gordonia and Kocuria rhizophila were found in periodontal patients. Also, there was a significant relationship between G/G genotype in -174G/C in periodontal patients compared to control group. Polymorphism -174G / C in IL-6 revealed a significant relationship between G allele and GG genotype with chronic periodontal disease. It also showed a variety of germs in periodontal disease, which indicates the complex role of microbial infections in the periodontal infection.

Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) belongs to the genus Deltaretrovirus ,subfamily Orthoretrovirinae of the family Retroviridae comprising 3 main genes of gag, pol and env and a number of replication regulatory genes such as Tax, Rex, R III, C IV. For determination of genetic relationship of Tax gene of BLV in Iran with those in other countries fragments 927bp corresponding to Tax from four infected samples were amplified in PCR system and sequenced for determining nucleotide sequence and compared with identified nucleotide sequence of this gene in other countries.A comparison made on Tax gene in Iran with other countries demonstrated 3.4 to 7.7% variability in Tax gene, of which the greatest sequence similarity exists between sequences of Tax in Iran with USA (AY700378.1)with 96.6% similarity and the least relationship exists between sequences of this virus in Iran with Australia (AY700379.1) and Japan (AY700381.1) with 92.3% similarity

Statement of problem: 

The accuracy and dimensional stability of dental impression materials and technique is an important factor in the accuracy and fitness of the final restoration. Condensation- reaction polysilicone impression material has adequate accuracy and is the most commonly used material in fixed prosthodontic restorations with putty- wash technique. There are different considerations and controversies in the literature about the effect of impression technique on the accuracy of restoration.

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and dimensional stability of two polysiloxane putty- wash impression techniques with and without spacer.

A laboratory model with two metallic dies was used. In one of the dies a horizontal notch was applied as an undercut. Ten impressions were made without spacer and another ten with spacer. Twenty stone models were made from both techniques. Dimensions of the stone models were measured and comparison was made with the laboratory model dimensions. The results were analyzed using T- test.

The results showed that the height of the dies without undercut was decreased in both groups, being significant in non- spacer technique ( p <0.001). The distance between the two dies increased in both techniques. The difference was significant in technique without spacer ( p <0.002). The height of the dies above the undercut increased and in both techniques they proved to be statistically significant (without spacer p<0.003 and with spacer p<0.001).

The polysiloxane putty- wash impression technique with spacer is more accurate for fabricating the stone die.

Background and

Several studies have shown differences in HTN prevalence between urban and rural populations. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of HTN and the status of HTN awareness, treatment and control between Iranian urban and rural populations aged over 20 years.

As a part of a nation-wide survey in 2004 on risk factors of non-communicable diseases, a cross-sectional study was performed on 75.132 adults aged over 20 years. In all participants, blood pressure was measured for twice in a standard method, followed by a collection of data on patients’ awareness, treatment and control of HTN. The data were compared between urban and rural populations.

The crude prevalences of HTN were 30.5% (CI 95%: 30.496- 30.50), 29.2% (CI 95%: 29.19-29.21), and age-adjusted prevalences were 26.09% (CI 95%: 26.086-26.094) and 26.03% (CI 95%: 26.015-26.025) for urban and rural populations, respectively. Rural residents were significantly less aware of HTN, its treatment and control than urban people.

Considering the similarity of age-adjusted HTN prevalence between Iranian rural and urban communities, there is the same burden on our health system. With respect to the lower degree of HTN awareness and control in rural residents, and the integral role of rural health system in diminishing the mentioned difference, further developments are recommended for system.