parisa ghodrati

The present study investigates the mediating role of job resilience in the relationship between organizational innovation and entrepreneurship in Islamshahr Municipality. The present study is a descriptive-correlational study conducted using a survey method. The statistical population of this study included 308 employees of Islamshahr municipality and its affiliated organizations. Using the Krejcie and Morgan table and given the statistical population size, the number of samples was estimated at 175 people. The samples were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The primary research tools were questionnaires. To measure organizational entrepreneurship, the Margaret Hill questionnaire was used. To measure organizational innovation, Crossan and Apaydin organizational innovation questionnaire and Suzbilir's innovation capacity questionnaire were used. To measure job resilience, the Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaire was used. The structural equation modeling by the partial least squares method was used to analyze the data. Organizational innovation with a path coefficient of 0.398 has a positive and significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship. Organizational innovation with a path coefficient of 0.502 has a positive and significant effect on job resilience. Job resilience with a path coefficient of 0.279 has a positive and significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship and the variables of organizational innovation and job resilience explain a total of 76.5% of the changes in organizational entrepreneurship. Given the significance of job resilience in strengthening the relationship between innovation and organizational entrepreneurship in Islamshahr municipality, managers should pay attention to these variables to improve the current situation.

At present, the Internet has created tremendous changes in information seeking and research activities in scientific communities; but among these, there are successful people who use the created opportunities to their advantage with the help of management tools and new technologies. Personal knowledge management is one of these tools. Considering that knowledge is a necessary and vital resource for success, the study of knowledge management process, especially in organizations, should be considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of personal knowledge management and information seeking behavior on students' self-efficacy.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology; it is correlation with the approach of presenting the structural equation model. The statistical population of this research was all graduate students of Tabriz University. Regarding the statistical sample, considering that the method of selective analysis for the hypotheses of this research is in the form of structural equations, they were 190 students, which seems suitable due to the ease of access and also the number (according to the rank of the university). Based on this, the sampling method in the current research was simple random sampling. The measurement tool in the present study was a questionnaire. In the current research, three questionnaires were used: Wilson's  information-seeking behavior standard questionnaire, with 6 items; 2. Mohiuddin et al.'s standard personal knowledge management questionnaire, with 7 items; and the standard self-efficacy questionnaire of Sherer et al. with 6 items.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the variables of gender and age and personal knowledge management among university graduate students. According to the path coefficient values, there is a significant relationship between personal knowledge management variables and information seeking behavior with self-efficacy. Also the models that are analyzed with a variance-based approach through variance-based software such as Smart PLS do not have a general index to look at the model at once. That is, there is no index to measure the entire model similar to the variance-based approach. However, in various researches in this field, it was suggested that an index called GOF, which was proposed by Tenenhaus, Esposito Vinzi, Chatenlin, Larue, can be used instead of the fit indices that exist in covariance-oriented approaches. This index considers both structural and measurement models simultaneously and tests their quality. This index is manually calculated as average R2 and average shared values.

Regarding the obtained results, it can be said that by improving the behavior of educational and research information and getting familiar with the motivations, goals and correct methods of searching, it saves time and money of researchers. Researchers can obtain relevant and reliable information and use it to complete their educational and research activities in order to avoid repetitions or using the trial and error method. People who have good skills, abilities and knowledge, evaluate their judgment and evaluation in reaching the desired goal and position higher. Based on the approach of social learning, cognitive learning and thinkers such as Bandura, the evaluation of people and their self-efficacy in achieving desirable situations and desired goals is influenced by their knowledge, cognition, and the way they organize their knowledge; When people have sufficient knowledge and understanding of desired situations and goals and can organize their knowledge, they see themselves as more capable in achieving their goals; That means they experience higher self-efficacy. In this regard, knowledge management also means collecting, acquiring, understanding, categorizing and sharing knowledge. Therefore, it can be expected that personal knowledge management will improve people's self-efficacy; because it increases a person's knowledge and awareness of desirable situations and goals.

In accordance with the global pattern¡ the urban population in Iran is higher than the rural population. But¡ are the statistics of using hospitalization services in public hospitals in these two categories similar to this pattern? This study seeks to determine the effect of place of residence on hospitalization rate by examining annual hospitalization statistics of the country’s biggest referral hospital in the northwest.
Material and The method used in this study is cross-sectional and all cases of hospitalization in Imam Reza Hospital as the northwest’s biggest referral hospital were picked by available sampling method. The cases of 30260 hospitalized patients were examined through direct observation and items extracted from their files were recorded in the checklist. In order to determine the relations between the variables¡ K2 test was applied and the P-value was considered less than 0.05 The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS.16 software.
Results indicated that the frequency distribution of patients in terms of their urban or rural residence did not yield any significant difference (P>0/05). Results also showed that the highest hospitalization rate for urban patients was 16.1% (3305 individuals) in surgery ward while it was 14.2% (1384 individuals) for rural patients in orthopedic ward. The least significant statistical difference between urban and rural hospitalization rates was observed in renal ward with 72.9% (1162 individual) urban patients and 27.1% (432 individuals) rural patients of total patients hospitalized in this ward.
The most significant statistical difference between urban and rural hospitalization rates was observed in ICU with 44.9% (297 individuals) urban patients and 55.1% (365 individuals) rural patients of the total patients hospitalized in this ward.
A relative comparison among illnesses in urban and rural populations¡ aside from illnesses caused by trauma and accidents which were higher in the rural population¡ showed that they were in accordance with the population and no significant difference was observed. Based on the results of the current study¡ it is concluded that place of residence does not affect hospitalization rate in public hospitals.

Natural and unexpected death that happens within less than one hour of first symptom occurrence is called sudden death. Cardiovascular diseases are the main known reason of sudden death and more than 75% of sudden deaths in athletes are assigned to it. Here we reported the autopsy results of all cases with sudden death following exercise that were referred to forensic center of Tehran, Iran, from 2009 to 2014.
In this cross sectional study all subjects who were registered to forensic medicine center of Tehran, Iran, from 2009 to 2014, as a case of sudden death following exercise were evaluated. Demographic data and medical history as well as autopsy and toxicology findings were retrospectively gathered using profiles of the deceased. Results were reported using descriptive analysis.
14 cases were registered as sudden death following exercise in forensic medicine profiles during the study period. Exploring the files of the mentioned deceased, revealed five non-compatible cases in this regard. Finally, 9 eligible cases were enrolled (88.9% male). The mean age of the deceased was 28.66 ± 10.86 years (range: 7 – 40). Toxicological tests were available for 7 cases, one of which was positive for tramadol. Sudden death following football was reported most frequently (44.4%). Only 3 (33.3%) cases had herald signs such as chest pain, syncope, or loss of consciousness. 1 case (11.11%) had a positive history of sudden death in relatives.
Although most sudden death victims are asymptomatic until the event, all those who suffer from symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue and irregular heart rate during physical activities, should be screened regarding common probable causes of sudden death.