parisa mokhtari

Context: 

Resistance training (RT) and vitamin D are both utilized as interventions for muscle hypertrophy. Multiple studies have examined the impact of RT with and without vitamin D supplementation on muscle hypertrophy. There is currently no existing review study that has specifically investigated the combined effect of RT and vitamin D supplementation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. This review article compiled studies examining the impact of both RT and vitamin D interventions on muscle hypertrophy.

Evidence Acquisition: 

Three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) were searched until September 9, 2022. Only original articles written in English were included. The findings of the studies were analyzed and categorized into two sections: cross-sectional areas and muscle performance.

 Very limited studies examined the effect of RT and vitamin D on hypertrophy and skeletal muscle function. The impact of RT and vitamin D on signaling pathways of protein synthesis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy was investigated separately, and the simultaneous effect of these two interventions was explored in a few studies.

 The proteins involved in the signaling pathway of muscle hypertrophy were examined in only three animal studies. Therefore, more field/clinical trials in the human model should investigate the effect of these two interventions on the degree of hypertrophy and muscle function. Besides, both in human studies using muscle biopsy and in animal studies at the cellular level, the expression of genes and proteins involved in signaling pathways affecting protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy should be studied further to determine the simultaneous effect of these two interventions.

Objective (s): Gastric cancer (GC) is the most prevalent cancer in men and third for women. The aim of this study was to analyze the survival of GC patients and then the prediction of death in these patients using a neural network model. This was a historical cohort study with data selected from 232 registered gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2007 at a referral center for gastrointestinal cancers، in Tehran، Iran. Prognostic factors of survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were estimated. To analyze the data using the neural network، the data were divided randomly into two groups، training and testing sets، and homogeneous survival times were tested using log rank test. To select the best network structure، the characteristics of network models modified and the best model was selected using ROC analysis. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 19. The median survival time of GC patients was 25. 1 months. One and three year survival times of GC patients were 0. 769 (CI 95%: 0. 711، 0. 833) and 0. 256 (CI 95%: 0. 185، 0. 373)، respectively. The prediction error was 37. 7% and the area under the ROC was 0. 732 at final model. True prediction for censorship and death were 71. 4% and 50%، respectively. Neural network is an appropriate approach for predicting the survival of GC patients and its predictions can be used to classify these patients.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of slope gradient and land use changes on aggregate stability and soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in aggregate size fractions in western Iran. Three land uses in the study area including natural forest (NF)، disturbed forest (DF) and cultivated land (CL) and three slope gradients (0-10 %، S1، 10-30 %، S2، and 30-50%، S3) were selected for soil sampling. A total of 99 soil samples were taken from the 0-10 cm surface layer in the whole studied hilly region. The results showed that forest disturbances and continuous cultivation after deforestation significantly decreased water stable aggregates percentage (WSA)، mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) values in three selected slope classes. The highest percent of macro-aggregates (2. 00-4. 75mm) and meso-aggregates (0. 25–2. 00 mm) were found in the lower slope (S1) induced by higher C stocks in this position. The highest percentage of macro-aggregates was observed in the natural forest soil and that of micro-aggregates (0. 053-0. 25 mm) was observed in the cultivated and disturbed forest soils. There were significant differences of SOC among three land uses for macro- aggregates، but no significant differences were identified for meso- and micro-aggregates between disturbed forest and cultivated soils. The result also revealed that those significant differences among gradient slopes according to SOC and TN in aggregates for three land uses and the lowest was observed in the steep slopes (S3) with highest soil erosion rate. The relative distribution of total nitrogen among the aggregate fractions and C/N ratios were similar to the SOC distribution.

Vitamin A is one of the fat-soluble vitamins. Because of its particular role in different tissues and organs, various clinical signs are seen in deficiency conditions. In addition, sometimes marginal deficiency is present without obvious clinical signs but performance defects, such as infertility is seen. In present study seasonal changes of serum vitamin A in 22 Arab horses was investigated in Ahvaz. A simple and cheap method (spectrophotometrye) was used for measuring vitamin A. The results were analyzed statistically by one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that mean vitamin A values (20.37±1/21mg/dl) were within normal range. The values of vitamin A in different seasons and two sexes were normal, too. Serum vitamin A value in spring was significantly higher than other seasons.

Identifying the risk factors in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients is a major concern. The aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors for metastasis of breast cancer using a regression model for recurrent data. The data used in the study were for the records of 133 women with breast cancer who underwent surgery and treatment at hospital Fayazbakhsh during 2005- 2007. Patients were followed until 2011 April and their final situations recorded. To determine the prognostic factors، a univariate Andersen-Gill model were fitted. Significant factors at univariate model were entered in multiple AG model. During 5833 person-month follow up of patients، 25 patients (18. 8%) died and 108 patients (81. 2%) were alive. The first metastasis mostly shown in brain and liver (5. 3%) and the second one in brain (3. 8%). In univariate analysis، grade، Her2 and LNR were shown as prognostic factors for metastasis of breast cancer in multiple analysis model (P<0. 05). Creating breast cancer screening and knowledge of women about the importance of periodic checkups and early diagnosis is an important factor for the cure and prevention of metastasis of tumors among breast cancer patients.

It is believed that overweight and obesity are involved in the etiology of menstrual problems by changing the balance of steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globins. This study examined the association between anthropometric indices with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its severity in female students. This cross-sectional study involving 365 women living in student dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences،، was conducted in 1391. Sampling was random cluster. Seca stadiometer and scale to measure height and weight at standard conditions and non-elastic tape to measure waist and hip circumferences were used. Then waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)، waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and index Conicity (C-Index) were calculated. To assess PMS and its’ severity provisional diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome form and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool-PSST were employed. Data was analyzed with statistical software SPSS v. 16 using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To investigate the relationship between variables Spearman correlation coefficient was used and 0. 05> P-value was considered significant. There was a significant correlation between waist circumference (P-value: 0. 046، r: 0. 123) WHR (P-value: 0. 043، r: 0. 125)، and WHtR (P-value: 0. 045، r: 0. 123) and PMS risk، but there was no significant association between other indicators and PMS. Increase in waist circumference، WHR، and WHtR associated with increased risk of PMS and its severity.