parivash eftekhari

Neuropathic pain results from trauma or diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and triggers a cascade of events in different CNS parts that eventually lead to oxidative injury. This study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of some selected analgesics in neuropathic pain-induced oxidative damage in the isolated glial cells of the rat brain. In this experiment, rats were randomly divided into 5 main groups. Rats in group 1 received no medication, whereas rats in groups 2 to 5 received ASA (aspirin), celecoxib, morphine, and etanercept daily, respectively. Each main group divides into 3 subgroups: normal, sham, and neuropathic pain model rats. The glial cells of the rat brain were isolated at different time points. Our results demonstrate that neuropathic pain induces ROS generation as the major cause of mitochondrial membrane potential collapse (%∆Ψm) and lysosomal membrane rupture, which result in oxidative damage of the glial cells. In addition, ASA and celecoxib had protective effects on the neuropathic pain-induced oxidative stress markers, including ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and lysosomal membrane leakiness at different time points.Furthermore, the oxidative damage markers were significantly decreased by morphine and etanercept in all investigated days. Since arachidonic acid metabolites and TNF-α are produced during neuropathic pain and inflammation, it can be concluded that the inhibition of the substances production or inhibition of the ligands binding with their receptors would help to decrease the destructive effects of neuropathic pain in the glial cells of rat brain.

There is no study about fractal variability of breathing pattern in patients with respiratory diseases, such as asthma. The aim of this study was evaluating fractal variability of breathing pattern in healthy and asthmatic cases. Forty men, including 10 healthy volunteers, 10 patients with controlled atopic asthma (CAA), 10 patients with uncontrolled atopic asthma (UAA), and 10 patients with uncontrolled non-atopic asthma (UNAA) referred to the outpatient clinic of Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were enrolled in this study. The thoraco-abdominal movements were collected using two respiratory belts and then signals were calibrated to respiratory volume. We analyzed the fractal variability of inter breath interval (IBI) and volume fluctuation using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The α index values in healthy, CAA, UAA, and UNAA cases with respect to IBI were 0.82±0.03, 0.73±0.06, 0.68±0.04, and 0.57±0.04, respectively, and with respect to volume fluctuation were 0.83±0.10, 0.75±0.06, 0.70±0.05, and 0.59±0.04, respectively. There were significant differences between all groups in α index values of both IBI and volume fluctuation (p<0.05). We concluded that the fractal correlation of breathing pattern in asthmatic patients is lower than healthy cases. This difference increased in uncontrolled asthma.