parvin yousefi

Illustration of mental and tangible concepts and sensing spiritual matters in the form of objective phenomena, the Holy Quran can be seen everywhere. Most of these visualizations were through the mental atmosphere and the most key concepts of the Quran that plays a crucial role in introducing the Islamic worldview and understanding of religious teachings were shown through this space by God. One of the most important tools has used for this situation is the letter, Lu. The letter Lu has various meanings and uses that have combined two or more spaces to provide a specific meaning. Finally, it has created a new image and achieved thinkable results. For this reason, the authors have studied this group of verses with a descriptive-analytical method, based on the model of "four mental spaces of Foucault and Turner" in this study and have investigated the function of these verses. According to the perceptual experience of the audience, God Almighty in these verses puts different emerging meanings and concepts by creating different spaces and combining them. Therefore, the various concepts he intends to It has made the audience understandable and called their minds to reflect on them to gradually reach the Quranic worldview and moral teachings, rules, and beliefs.

Introduction:

 The concept of water-sensitive cities is linked to the new pattern of urban water governance and support for the use of decentralized water systems. Zahedan, the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan province, with its hot and dry climate, is witnessing the arrival of immigrants from rural areas of the province and other provinces, as well as the lack of employment infrastructure and the existence of numerous suburban centers, causing overcrowding. It has been located in different parts of the city and during the last two decades, there have been several problems in the field of urban water supply in this city, such as lack of supply resources on the one hand and increasing per capita consumption and very high migration rate on the other hand. On the one hand, the influx of villagers and the formation of the city in recent decades, and on the other hand, the migration of Afghan citizens to this city, has caused the city of Zahedan to suddenly receive a large population. Therefore, the increasing population growth and inadequate economic facilities have led to the formation of informal settlements in this city. Zahedan has about 1.3 percent of the population and urban space of informal housing and suburban population, which is equivalent to 42% of the total population of the city. These issues indicate that the city of Zahedan is facing a severe shortage of water resources. The city of Zahedan has also faced an uncontrolled expansion in recent decades, and since the supply of drinking water to the citizens of this city is one of the most acute problems of the city, scientific study in this regard will be very important. Therefore, in this research, the areas of Zahedan city in terms of water sensitive indicators have been evaluated and prioritized.

Methodology :

The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical based on the library method (documentary method) and field method using the distribution of questionnaires and conducting interviews to collect information. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of Zahedan (587730 people) who were selected using Cochran's formula of 350 people and the research questionnaire was distributed and completed in a simple random method according to the population of each region. Then, SPSS software and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the collected data. Also, by designing a questionnaire using fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) technique, 25 professors and students of geography, experts and officials in relation to the characteristics of water-sensitive city (water-sensitive governance, social capital, justice and equality) Productivity and efficiency, adaptive infrastructure, ecological health, urban space quality, water cycle management, increasing and strengthening water storage and minimizing sedimentation) were identified in the areas of Zahedan. In order to determine the level of each area in the indicators of water sensitive city, the Fuzzy Topsis model has been used. Arc Gis software has been used to draw the maps. 

Discussion and Results:

A one-sample t-test was used to evaluate the status of water-sensitive city indicators in Zahedan. In general, the indicators of water-sensitive city in Zahedan city with an average of 2.843 have been evaluated in an unfavorable situation. In order to prioritize the areas of Zahedan city in terms of water sensitive city indicators, the Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis (FAHP) technique has been used. In this part of the research, the areas of Zahedan city are ranked in terms of water sensitive city indicators using fuzzy TOPSIS model. Also, fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique has been used to weight the indicators. The results show that region 1 with a weight of 0.851 is in the first place. Zone 4 with a weight of 0.096 is in the fifth and last rank. Also, Zone 2 with a weight of 0.705, Zone 5 with a weight of 0.647 and Zone 3 with a weight of 0.282 are in the second to fourth ranks in terms of water sensitive city indicators, respectively. In the city of Zahedan, every year a large amount of natural water resources in the form of rain leaves the city as quickly as possible and discharges in combination with sewage. Due to the large volume of sewage and runoff and the lack of capacity of the collection system of Zahedan city, this system causes overflow and flooding of passages, which causes damages such as damage to infrastructure facilities, residential houses, as well as power outages, traffic disruptions. Unfavorable views in the city and even electrocution of residents due to the flooding of the city's electrical facilities.

Conclusion :

A one-sample t-test was used to evaluate the status of water-sensitive city indicators in Zahedan. In general, the indicators of water sensitive city in Zahedan city with an average of 2.843 have been evaluated in an unfavorable situation. The general results of the article on the prioritization of the five regions of Zahedan city, in terms of water-sensitive city indicators, show that region 1 with a weight of 0.851 is in the first place. Zone 4 with a weight of 0.096 is in the fifth and last rank. Also, region 2 with a weight of 0.705, region 5 with a weight of 0.647 and region 3 with a weight of 0.282 are in the second to fourth ranks in terms of water sensitive city indicators, respectively. This research is conducted for the first time in the city of Zahedan with the present subject. These factors have caused the city to no longer be able to continue its urban life using the available resources.The city of Zahedan has faced an uncontrolled expansion in the past few years, and since the supply of drinking water to the citizens of Zahedan is one of the most acute problems of the city, scientific study in this regard will be very important. In order to prevent the increase of drinking water consumption in the country, especially in cities such as Zahedan, where the amount of water consumption is higher than the national average,appropriate strategies and policies should be taken to bring this amount closer to the global average.

The commitment literature is an approach that stands against the art for art school. This literary school emerged in the 19th century after flourishing different literary schools in Europe. Commitment in general means deliberate participation of writer’s thoughts, feelings and art in different humane, national and ethnic matters. Thus, using art and literature for illustrating people’s conditions and showing their pain and sufferings is called commitment. Ahmad Matar is considered one of the few poets who has dedicated his poetry to the service of religion, ethics, politics and people in a way that he has devoted his life to the Arab People. The most important feature of Matar's poetry is commitment in literature and the topics of his poems clearly show this important feature. The present study intends to examine the types of commitment in Ahmad Matar's poetry in a descriptive-analytical manner and to express the frequency of each. The findings show that political commitment has a higher frequency than other types of commitment, and the attack on the manifestations of oppression and injustice of the rulers in the Arab world occupies a significant part of the content of his poetry. The reason for this is that the poet grew up in a suffocating political situation.

The Romantic School was founded in the late eighteenth century under the influence of political and intellectual developments and social classes. The Characteristics of this school, as opposed to the classical school, are: emotional power, honest experience, love of beauty and exemplary patterns, strange feeling, love of the home, love of nature and melt in it. In Arabic literature, Khalil Matran is known as the pioneer of the Romantic school. The fascinating nature of Lebanon, her innate talent, gentle emotions and critical thinking helped her in this way. In Kurdish literature, Molavi is also known as the pioneer of this school.However, given that Besarani lived almost a century and half before Molavi and the characteristics of the Romantic school thrive throughout her poetry, the pioneer of the Romantic school in Kurdish literature was Bismarani, whose work has been mostly neglected by researchers. The authors of the article seek to identify this poet by the means of a descriptive-analytical method, to prove that he is a pioneer in the Romantic school and also to rely on the American adaptive school of Romantic poetry with the romantic compare and study the romantic poems of contemporary Arab poet Khalil Matran .The findings confirm that both poets are pioneers in Romanticism and have shown that both poets took advantage of all the romantic features, first describing nature then fantasy and love of the home.