فهرست مطالب pedram ghorbanzadeh

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inverse education on motivation of elementary students in mathematics. The research method was quasi-experimental, which was a traditional teaching method in the control group and the reverse class method was performed in the two experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of male and female students in the sixth grade of elementary school in Talesh city in the academic year 1398-99. The sample of this study includes 42 male and female students of the sixth grade of elementary school, including 23 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group, who were selected by available sampling method. In this way, first two schools were selected from the primary schools of Talesh city that were available and then from each school of the sixth grade which included male and female students and had an almost equal volume. Students in each class were examined in two groups of reverse experiment and control group. Harter's motivational motivation questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability coefficients of the scales of this instrument were reported between 0.05 to 0.830 using the 20-coder-Richardson formula. Multivariate analysis of covariance was also used to analyze the data. The results showed that the research hypotheses about the effectiveness of reverse education on students' academic motivation were confirmed and the students in the experimental group had more academic motivation than the students in the control group in the post-test. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reverse education method is effective on students' academic motivation in mathematics.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of reverse education learning and traditional education on the academic motivation of elementary school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of male and female students of the fifth grade of elementary school in Talesh city in the academic year 1398-99. The sample of this study includes 39 male and female students in the fifth grade of elementary school, including 22 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group, who were selected by available sampling method. In this way, first two schools were selected from the primary schools of Talesh city that were available and then from each school of the fifth grade which included male and female students and had an almost equal volume. To collect the data, the Passion Questionnaire (Wang et al, 2011) was used, which had three behavioral, emotional and cognitive aspects of school desire, which can measure all aspects of academic motivation related to mathematics. Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated for this questionnaire was estimated to be above 0.7. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that the research hypotheses about the effectiveness of reverse education on students' academic achievement were confirmed and the students in the experimental group had significantly more academic desire than the students in the post-test control group.

The present article examines the relationship between study and professional development of primary school teachers in Talesh city. This applied research and its method are descriptive correlations. The statistical population of this study included all primary school teachers in Talesh city, 768 people. Therefore, a group of 74 teachers was randomly selected and a questionnaire was distributed among them. In the selection of teachers, stratified random sampling method was used in proportion to the volume. In this study, the researcher developed a professional development questionnaire in 23 questions in the form of five components (classroom management, ability to communicate with students, curriculum planning, organizational commitment and educational ICT) with a five-point Likert scale (I totally agree ) used. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha = 0.89, which was significant. Content validity was used to measure the validity of the questionnaires. The analysis of the results of this study was performed using Spss statistical software at both descriptive and inferential levels. Findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between academic studies and components of professional development.

The purpose of present research was Study of the quality of educational leadership services from the viewpoint of managers and teachers of multigrade schools was performed in Talesh township .The research method was descriptive - survey. The statistical population consisted of 214 (45 women and 169 men) managers and teachers of the multigrade schools in Talesh township.and the statistic samples included 134 people (28 women and 106 men) which were chosen the method of Simple random sampling. 28 item researcher made questionnaire was used for data gathering. Questions reliability was computed 89% by Cronbach’s alpha computation method. The results were analyzed through descriptive statistics methods such as frequency tables, average percentage Single-sample t-tests. The results showed that quality of educational leadership services from the viewpoint of managers and teachers of multigrade schools in the categories of human relations (30.5), the growth of professional qualifications of teachers (28.2), supervision and guidance (26.6) is more than average, and in the category of curriculum planning (19.3) less than moderate (21).