فهرست مطالب peeyush kumar

Non-operative management (NOM) has shown success in the management of cases of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), especially in hemodynamically stable patients, even if there is a higher grade of injury. The aim of this study was to determine the healing rate with NOM and associated risk factors of non-healing in patients with BAT. This prospective study was conducted on 20 hemodynamically stable patients of BAT who were treated in a tertiary care hospital by NOM. Clinical monitoring and biochemical investigations were done. The patients were followed-up for three months. The outcome measures were the average time of healing and complications. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of the patients was 24.5 years with 18 (90%) males and 2(10%) females. Nine patients (45%) had isolated liver injury, 8 (40%) had isolated splenic injury, 1 (5%) had isolated left renal injury, 1 (5%) had combined liver and splenic injury and 1 (5%) had combined liver and right renal injury. At 3 months of follow-up, 16 (80%) cases showed complete healing, 3(15%) showed incomplete healing and 1 (5%) patient with grade 4 splenic injury had failure of NOM. On performing univariate regression analysis, grade 3/4 was an independent risk factor of non-healing with an odds ratio of 5.667. In conclusion, NOM appears to be a safe and effective management protocol for patients with BAT, provided regular follow-ups and monitoring are done.

The seemingly harmful effect of chemical insecticides to the environment, plants and human health, has led to prominent role of entomopathogenic fungi (ENPF) as biopesticide. However, the success of ENPF as biocontrol agent depends on their amenability to easy and cheap mass multiplication. Solid state fermentation (SSF) has emerged as an appropriate technology for management of agro-industrial residues and for their value addition. In this study, the potentiality of agricultural by-products for mass multiplication of Beauveria bassiana was determined.
Two sets of SSF experiments with agricultural by-products [tea leaf waste, wheat bran, husk of rice, pigeon pea and urad, and seed cake of jatropha and pongamia] as substrates; one with fortification of nutrients, while other with no nutrient addition were performed. The substrates (200 g) were inoculated with B. bassiana spore suspension (1 × 108 spores/ml) and incubated at 28 °C for 14 days. After the incubation period, B. bassiana spore concentrations were enumerated.
Maximum spore production was observed in rice husk, while jatropha seed cake showed least spore production. Addition of nutrient supplements in the substrates showed slight (pongamia seed cake) to significant (rice husk, tea leaf waste) increase in spore production. The results showed constant increase in spore production with increase in C/N ratio of the substrates.
Mass production processes directly influences the cost, shelf life, virulence, and field efficacy of fungal pathogens. The results from this investigation are expected to pave the way towards commercialization of B. bassiana by augmenting the research in fungal mass production.