peyman heydarian

It is worthwhile to note that, some probiotics such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria isolated from dairy products have significant therapeutic effects against cancer cells. Here, we evaluated anti-proliferation and the apoptotic effects of isolated Lactobacillus fermentum Ab.RS22 from traditional dairy products on the HeLa cervical cancer cells in vitro. The viability of treated HeLa cells with supernatant of Lactobacillus in 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 2 ng/ml concentrations, and IC50 values were detected by tetrazolium bromide. The L. fermentum Ab.RS22-induced cell death by flow cytometry was confirmed through evaluation of the expression of caspase-3, P53, PTEN, and AKT genes by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Most cytotoxicity effects of Lactobacillus on HeLa cells were detected in 2 ng/ml at 24 hr (P<0.01); also, the IC50 value was measured as 1.5 ng/ml. The findings of the flow cytometry assay showed that L. fermentum Ab.RS22 in 1.5 ng/ml concentration at 24 hr increased the percentage of both apoptosis and necrosis cells. Lactobacillus-induced cell death was verified through results of Real-time PCR; where expression of caspase-3, P53, and PTEN genes was increased (P<0.01), and also expression of AKT gene (anti-apoptotic) was decreased (P<0.05).  Our findings showed that L. fermentum Ab.RS22 could dose-dependently inhibit the proliferation of the HeLa cells. Its apoptotic effect was confirmed via modulating PTEN/p53/Akt gene expression and activation of the caspase-3 mediated apoptosis pathway. Therefore, L. fermentum Ab.RS22 can be considered a valuable anticancer candidate against cervical cancer progression in subsequent studies.

The liver flukes of the Fasciola species and Dicrocoelium spp. are recognised as parasites of domestic and wild herbivores. Both species of F. hepatica and F. gigantica as well as D. dendriticum are distributed in Iran. The present study aimed to identify Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium spp. using mitochondrial Cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase I) gene by HRM method.

Totally, thirty infected liver specimens were collected from the sheep (n:23) and cattle (n:7) at the abattoirs of Qazvin Province, northwest Iran in 2022. DNA extraction and PCR amplification of Cox1 gene were conducted by HRM technique. DnaSP v.5.0 was used for compression of diversity indices of ribosomal 28S rDNA and mitochondrial Cox1 markers of Dicrocoelium spp. The taxonomic status of Dicrocoelium spp. was performed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Overall, 26 and 4 isolates were identified as F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. D. dendriticum was the sole infecting species of Dicrocoelium revealed by HRM analysis. Genomic analysis showed a moderate (28S rDNA genes: 0.600±0.215) to high (Cox1: 0.733±0.155) haplotype diversity for D. dendriticum.

The parasite-dependent mitochondrial gene (Cox1) could identify a higher genetic diversity of D. dendriticum compared to nuclear 28S rDNA gene. HRM technique in the present study found to be a reliable technique for identification and genetic diversity of liver flukes but more comprehensive and in-depth studies in different parts of the country are needed.

The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii seronegative pregnant women, estimate the frequency of fetuses at risk of congenital toxoplasmosis in the study area, and also to investigate the awareness of the studied mothers about T. gondii disease. A total of 740 pregnant women referred to two health centers in Qazvin province were surveyed voluntarily for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG avidity test was used as a confirmatory test for samples showing positive or borderline results for IgM antibodies. Data on socioeconomic, demographic, and knowledge of participants about toxoplasmosis were collected using questionnaires and through face-to-face interviews. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to identify the potential predictor variables for T. gondii infection.  Overall, 21.2% (157/740) and 0.27% (2/740) of pregnant women were positive for T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Only 1.7% (13/740) of expectant mothers had prior information on toxoplasmosis. Among socioeconomic and demographic variables, contact with soil was the merely cause of a significant association with T. gondii infection. Other variables including age, occupation, education level, residential area, source of drinking water, abortion history, number of childbirth, consumption of raw/undercooked meat, having home cat and and consumption of raw vegetables failed to establish significant associations.  Our results clarified that the prevalence of T. gondii has remarkably reduced in the study area. This finding indicates a low risk of congenital toxoplasmosis in this region.

We aimed to detect the genetic diversity of samples identified morphologically as Fasciola spp. from sheep, cattle and goat from Lorestan Province, western Iran using PCR-RFLP method. Besides, we evaluated the genetic diversity indices, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial gene (ND1 and CO1).

PCR-RFLP analysis of ribosomal ITS1 fragment by RsaI restriction enzyme to investigate the genetic characteristics of Fasciola species obtained from different hosts (18 sheep, 21 cattle, and 17goats) was conducted.  The samples were sequenced. Sequences were evaluated using BLAST software and the parasite species were identified with similarity percentage and overlap with the species registered in the gene bank. Then similarity and diversity of intra-species and intra-species diversity of Fasciola species were calculated.

In Lorestan, based on RFLP pattern, 93% (52) of the Fasciola spp. isolates had a RFLP pattern related to F. hepatica and 7% (4) were F. gigantica. No hybrid forms were detected. The CO1 gene could clarify 19 haplotypes against ND1 gene that found 22 haplotypes among livestock. Sequencing results of the mtDNA showed intra-species identity 98. 5%-100% and Intra-species-diversity: 0-1.5% compared to the GenBank sequences.

Using PCR-RFLP method, two species of F. hepatica and F. gigantica, were present in Lorestan Province, but F. hepatica was more prevalent. Mitochondrial genes could better test variability indices in different hosts than ribosomal genes, consequently among mitochondrial genes, the ND1 gene could better examine differences and similarities than CO1.

Free-living amoebae (FLA) such as Acanthamoeba spp., are considered as opportunistic and pathogenic protozoans.  Acanthamoeba granulomatous encephalitis (AGE) is a serious threat for immunodeficient patients and Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) for contact lens users. We aimed to identify the presence of free living amoebae in nasal swabs of patients and contact lens users in Qazvin, Iran.

During 2019, 251 nasal and oral swabs (including the pharynx and mouth) were collected from patients with diabetes, AIDS and those under periodic dialysis in Qazvin, Iran. In addition, 27 soft contact lenses were collected from the participants. Following DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing were conducted to identify the genotypes of the amoeba. Phylogenetic analysis of the identified sequences was performed using MEGA 7 software.

A strain of Acanthamoeba belonging to the T3 genotype was isolated from hemodialysis patients. Two specimens of Acanthamoeba with T3 genotype were isolated from keratitis patients.

The clinicians should pay attention to the possible complication of this organism because this amoeba is potentially pathogenic for immunocompromised patients. Since the amoeba is present in environmental resources, the use of contact lenses should be accompanied by considering proper hygiene.

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola spp. We report five serologically and molecularly confirmed cases in an emerging region in Iran. A retrospective, case series study, performed in Lorestan Province, west of Iran between January 2015 and June 2016. From 1256 patients examined, 16 patients had positive serum ELISA. Five cases were approved as infected with fasciolosis using stool exam and PCR. Age ranged from 24 to 80 yr with mean age of 45 years. All of patients were adults and four of them had abdominal and back pain. Other symptoms included fever and chills, coughing and sore throat, weight loss, cutaneous manifestations. All patients lived in the rural environment, and four reported the ingestion of raw aquatic plants such as watercress. In fecal examination for fluke eggs, four samples were positive for F. hepatica eggs. Conventional PCR analysis showed that five human stools were positive for F. hepatica. All of 5 patients were treated with the usual dose of triclabendazole. A history of recent consumption of raw aquatic plants (in 4 out of 5 patients) is an important finding, but in one patient the source of infection remained unclear. Lorestan should be considered as an emerging region for this disease and further research in this province should be carried out.

Our knowledge of the epidemiology of rodents’ parasitic agents in Iran is scarce, although some of these pathogens play an important role in human and veterinary medicine, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rodents of northwestern Iran between Mar and Dec 2015.

Overall, 157 serum samples from rodents (101 Meriones persicus, 41 Mus musculus, and 15 Cricetulus migratorius) were assayed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum.

We found a prevalence of 20.38% (32/157) for N. caninum, 35% (55/157) for T. gondii. Co-presence of antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii was found in 10 (6.36%) rodents. A significant association was found between the rodents species and seropositivity to N. caninum (P<0.05) but there was no association with rodents species for T. gondii. The overall prevalence of the aforementioned parasites was higher in male versus female rodents.

The high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in rodents in the study area has implications for translocation of these infections across wider geographical regions since these rodents are mostly preyed on by cats or dogs; hence, which can transfer the parasite to other hosts.

It is difficult to make an exact morphological distinction between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. We used High Resolution Melting analysis (HRM) method to differentiate the F. hepatica species from F. gigantica in order to differentiate them.

Overall, 80 adult liver flukes were collected from infected slaughtered animals including cattle, sheep and goats from Lorestan Province, western Iran from Sep 2015 to Aug 2017. Genomic DNA was extracted using commercial DNA extraction kit. The multilocus sequences of mDNA including COX1, COX3 and ND6 were amplified employing real-time PCR & HRM analysis. Specific and universal primer pairs were designed for differentiation Fasciola spp.

Universal primers cannot be used to distinguish between these two species, but in the contrary, specific primer pairs of each species could differentiate them properly. Molecular identification using specific primer pairs were consistent.

HRM is a simple, fast and reliable method for detecting and differentiating F. hepatica from F. gigantica and can be used for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes.

Fasciolosis is a shared disease between humans and livestock caused by hepatic trematodes; Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Differentiate between the two species of this genus is essential. High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis represents a new approach to this issue. This method can be performed right after termination of Real-Time PCR. This technique has not been used for identification of adult F. hepatica and F. gigantica genotypes. The aim of this study was to determine Fasciola species by using HRM in isolates taken from Iran, respectively. Ninety-three Fasciola spp. samples were collected from infected slaughtered animals in different regions of Iran, including North West (Ardebil Province) and South East (Zahedan Province) during 2016. Genomic DNA from the samples was extracted using a DNA extraction kit and then after Real-Time PCR amplification, HRM was done. Overall, 59 and 34 isolates were identified as F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. The percentages of each species from animals were as follows: sheep (F. hepatica, 80.39% and F. gigantica, 19.61%), cattle (F. hepatica, 42.85% and F. gigantica, 57.15%). HRM technique developed in the present study is a powerful, rapid and sensitive technique for epidemiological survey and molecular identification between F. hepatica and F. gigantica.

We evaluated the anti-malarial activity of Heracleum persicum individually and in combination with chloroquine.
This study was conducted at the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2015-2016. The Peter̛ s method was used for determining fifty percent effective dose (ED50) of the H. persicum extract and chloroquine individually against chloroquine sensitive P. berghei in small white mice. Six experimental groups for H. persicum and 6 groups for chloroquine and two control group (positive and negative) were considered for determination of ED50. Interaction between H. persicum and chloroquine also was evaluated based on fixed ratios method. Ratios of 0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 60/40, 80/20, 100/0 of ED50 of chloroquine and H. persicum respectively were tested against the parasite. Then inhibitory effects of two drugs were calculated and plotted in the relevant graphs.
Overall, 1500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg concentrations of H. persicum against P. berghei resulted in ED50 and ED74 respectively. ED50 of chloroquine against the parasite was obtained as 1.4 mg/kg of mouse body weight. Moreover, combination of H. persicum and chloroquine showed a weak potentiation in ratios of 40/60 (chloroquine . persicum) with 64% inhibition, but not in other ratios.
Although H. persicum individually showed a reasonable antimalarial efficacy against chloroquine sensitive P. berghei, in combination with chloroquine it showed additive or antagonism result except in ratios of 40%CQ%HP.

Fascioliasis is a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by the two parasite species Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. In spite of the presence of both species of Fasciola in the livestock, to our knowledge, to date, no cases of human F. gigantica infection have been reported in Iran officially. Here, we report such a case in a 25 yr old woman referred to The Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2016. CT imaging and MRCP revealed an ill-defined lesion of segments of liver. Specific ELISA produced a positive result besides detecting egg of the parasite via stool exam. The identification of parasite species was performed by the DNA extracted from the eggs and sequencing ITS-1, in addition to comparison to GenBank retrieved sequences, using the BLAST search tool. The sample showed 100% identity with F. gigantica. She was treated for fasciolosis with a single dose of Egaten® 10 mg/kg with positive response. This is the first case of human fasciolosis due to F. gigantica reported in Iran.

The aim of this study was the seroepidemiological survey for detecting the status of human fasciolosis in Lorestan Province, western Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015-16. Based on statistical estimations, 1256 serum samples were collected from different parts of Lorestan Province, western Iran, and stored at -20 °C until use. The collected serum samples were analyzed at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran using indirect ELISA method.
Anti-Fasciola antibodies were detected in 16 (1.3%) individuals. Regarding the seropositivity to fasciolosis, no significant differences were found between age groups, sex, level of education and occupation; however significant differences were observed regarding location, consuming local freshwater plants and water resources (P Local freshwater plants and unfiltered water resources were probably the main sources of the infection. Health education by local health centers to elevate awareness of people, and providing facilities for safer drinking water, especially in rural areas may help decrease the risk of fasciolosis infection in this region.

Landfilling is one of the important suffering issues for human being. Problems caused by landfilling have led some countries to gather urban waste in unprotected area. Because of the mentioned issue, landfilling is a significant discussion in environmental engineering. This research aimed at selecting suitable sites for garbage massing in Ahvaz urban area via integrated ELECTRE-AHP approach using GIS techniques in two main steps. At the first step, 23 effective criteria in landfilling site selection were collected from the in charge of organizations. The criteria were standardized and analyzed using Geographical Information Systems. After the standardization process, expertise opinion was applied and FAHP method was applied for criteria weighting process. Finally, each of the weighting criteria and 17 criteria were overlapping at this stage. The outcome of this method is 5 suitable sites for landfilling in the northern east and east region of Ahvaz. At the next step, 5 sites achieved from the previous step were ranked by ELECTRE method using the 6 remained criteria. The achievement of implementing this step is 3 options with the same worthiness for landfilling. The results show that the selected sites, compared to the current garbage mass place located on humid winds flows as well as high water level in the south and southeast region, have the better conditions in terms of health and sanitary problems. Also, integrated ELECTRE-AHP approach due to considering the relative nature of criteria values in weighting and ranking, has more efficiency compared to prior methods used to locate the current landfilling sites (Safireh and Brumi region).

Leishmaniasis is a sand fly-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Because of the preventing and controlling methods, clinical course, prognosis and choice of treatment are differing from species; differentiation of species is critical. The present study was aimed to detect the parasite species using the PCR-RFLP method.
A total of 130 Giemsa-Stained slides from suspected Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients were examined under a light microscope at×1000. DNA from each slide was extracted PCR method was undertaken with HSP70 genes and the PCR products were digested with a restriction enzyme HaeIII (BsuR1). The study was conducted in the laboratory of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in the Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeastern Iran in 2015.
From 130 suspected samples, 59 (45.3%) were positive by the microscopic examination, meanwhile 64 (49.2%) were positive by PCR-RFLP, Leishmania species were recognized, and L. tropica was introduced as predominant species in current study.
PCR-RFLP is a valuable technique for distinguish of Leishmania species. Furthermore, anthroponotic CL is the dominant cause of CL in Sistan and Baluchestan Province.

Land use changes act as a significant factor in the environmental changes and have become a global threat. Monitoring and prediction these changes by satellite images and models can help the planners and managers to make more conscious planning decisions. In this regard, the current research aimed to monitor, model and predict land use changes using CA-Markov model in Kohmare Sorkhi region, Fars province in 2024 for a period of 25 years (1987-2012). To implement the mentioned model, the land use map was first prepared by ETM and TM sensors during three years (1987, 2000, 2012). Then, validation of maps and change detection process were performed. The results of change detection for the first period (1987-2000) and second period (2000-2012) with an accuracy of 83% and Kappa index of 88% have shown the greatest increase in the rangeland area (4224.24 ha) and the greatest decrease in the forest area (3953.75 ha). In the next stage, in order to calibrate the CA-Markov model, land use map for 2012 was predicted; on the other hand, regarding Error Matrix between the modeling land use map and the reference land use map, the Kappa index wad given as 75%. Finally, considering the previous stage, the land use map for the outlook of 2024 was predicted. The final results for 2024 indicated that the forest area would endure the great amount of changes in comparison with 2012. The forests would change into the irrigated agricultural area and rangelands which can be considered in sustainable development planning by decision makers.

In late 2011, the world’s population surpassed the 7 billion and it is currently growing by an additional 78 million persons every year. Most of the future population growth will occur in developing countries, particularly in less developed countries (United Nations, 2011: 7). This increasing population pressure is leading to unregulated growth (Maithani, 2009: 364), Sprawl, horizontal spread of urban areas, rapid changes in land use and increasing trend of environmental degradation (Dewan and Yamaguchi, 2009: 390). In order to alleviate ,adverse effects of urbanization on the environment and maintain optimal ecosystem function (Fang et al., 2005: 295), spatial and temporal patterns of land use and land cover changes (LULC), and subsequently the factors affecting these changes(Serra et al., 2008: 190), are important in developing rational economic, social and environmental policies (Long et al., 2007: 351 Dewan and Yamaguchi, 2009: 390). Also, the advent of satellite images and geospatial technologies has paved new dimension for assessing and monitoring land use/ cover changes (Mussie et al., 2011: 2149). Encountered to these severe negative impacts, there is an urgent need for urban planners to develop predictive models of urbanization. These models not only provide an understanding of the urban growth process but also provide realizations of the numerous potential growth scenarios taken by urban area in future (Maithani, 2010: 36). Despite enormous researchers on urbanization, modeling using intelligent methods is still obscure issues such as the ordering importance and number of input data in this field is required. Thus, due to lack of a systematic method to find the best combination of input parameters, we have on the way we have introduced amethod to fill this gap. The present study was aimed to model development of metropolitan Tehran using Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Network model and Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) for preprocessing the input parameters to the model. 2- Methodology To satisfy end of the present study, at first, effective criteria in the urbanization process were collected from associated organizations, analyze, and prepared. Land use map for the study period (2006-1995) was extracted from the Landsat images and was improved using AutoCAD data and available map. Then, accuracy assessment of maps and change detection were performed and based on these changes, in order to avoid the trial and error method for choosing the best combination of input parameters to the model, using OLS pre-processing was performed according to criteria. Then, given to output method of OLS, the independent variables were chosen as input to the model. Finally, using Multi-layer Perceptron algorithm of Artificial Neural Network, transition potential modeling for each criterion undertaken, and the Markov chain method the land use map for the year 2017 was predicted. 3- Discussion In the present study, Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) and Multi-layer Perceptron algorithm of Neural Network were used to identify and improve our understanding of the social-economic, physical and land use forces that affecting urbanization, as well as finding the unequal impact of these factors and the most likely location for future urban development of metropolitan Tehran. Due to the large number and variety of factors affecting in the process and research results it can be notedthat RS and GIS technology allow us to generate and analyze large amounts of spatial and spatial data and output with a high degree of accuracy in the shortesttime. The advantage of this study compared to previous studies, is to use OLS method on input independent variables to the preprocessed model. Previous studies did not refer to preprocessing on input variables to the model, and if so, trial and error method is used. Among them, research conducted by Tayebi et al and Kamiab et al (1390 year) on predicted urbanization of Gorgan city and that Karam and Yaghob Nezhade Asl (1392 year) on thephysical development of Karaj city are substantial. Also, surveys field and remotely sensed results showed that the predictions compared to previous studies are closer to the ground realities and follows the available development trend. 4- Conclusion Results of the present study show that most urbanization trends of metropolitan Tehran for theprospect of the year 2017 will be concentrated in the eastern and western parts. These results indicate the validity of the model, fully consistent with the facts and can be implemented as a model in planning for the future prospects of metropolitan Tehran. However, to upgrade and increase the reliability of the model more efficiently, future studies can be used in a promising manner such as property, land prices and commercial centers, that due to restrictions available are not used here, and the urbanization process of metropolitan Tehran can be very influential. Keywords: modeling urban development, statistic preprocessing, least squares regression, neural network, RS, GIS. -United Nations, (2011), Department of Economic and Social Affairs - Population Division, World population prospects. -Maithani, S, (2009), A Neural Network based Urban Growth Model of an Indian City, J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 37, 363–376. -Dewan, A.M, Yamaguchi, Y, (2009), Land use and land cover change in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh: Using remote sensing to promote sustainable urbanization, Applied Geography, 29, 390–401. -Fang, Sh, Gertner, G.Z, Sun, Zh, and Anderson, A.A, (2005), The impact of interactions in thespatial simulation of the dynamics of urban sprawl, Landscape and Urban Planning, 73, 294–306. -Serra, P, Pons, X, Saur, D, (2008), Land-cover and land-use change in a Mediterranean landscape: A spatial analysis of driving forces integrating biophysical and human factors, Applied Geography, 28, 189–209. -Long, H, Tang, G, Li, X, and Heilig, G.K, (2007), Socio-economic driving forces of land-use change in Kunshan, the Yangtze River Delta economic area of China, Journal of Environmental Management, 83, 351–364. -Maithani, S, (2010), Application of Cellular Automata and GIS Techniques in Urban Growth Modelling: A New Perspective, Institute of Town Planners, India Journal, 7, 36 – 49. -Mussie, G, Tewolde, Cabral, P, (2011),Urban Sprawl Analysis and Modeling in Asmara, Eritrea, Remote Sensing, 3, 2148-2165.

Considering non-normative extension and too much development of cities, the lack of accurate model of consumption, increasing waste production, the most logical and most economical method for disposal of municipal waste is sanitary landfill. Given that, to identify areas prone to waste landfilling requires application of comprehensive techniques. The main objective for the present research is to select optimum place for waste sanitary landfill using Multi-Criteria techniques of FAHP(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process) and fuzzy TOPSIS(Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). First, determinant factors affecting landfill place from various institution were identified, collected and were standardized using geographical information system. Then by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, weights are calculated. After applying the weights on the corresponding criteria, using Fuzzy overlay functions combination of layers were done. Then, FTOPSIS method was used to prioritize options. Number of thirty one suitable options were calculated through running above mentioned methods. Then, one options were considered as the best as per prioritization located at south western of Shahriar city. Results showed that suitable elite options are located at better landfill compared to current one. So, this integrated approach, showed better performance than others due to taking inexact nature of phenomena.