فهرست مطالب piranfar

Background and The Fusarium species are among the most important fungi in the medical, veterinary and agricultural fields.
In the present study, 172 strains of these fungi have been analyzed. The high molecular weight DNAs were extracted from 23 reference strains as well as from 149 isolated Fusarium species. Using the designed nucleotide primers from rDNA of Fusarium species, PCR analysis was performed for the amplification of ITS regions. Afterwards, the location of the effective endonuclease enzymes has been evaluated within approximately 930 bp of rDNA sequence.
Through the selected enzymes including; HhaI, MspI, TaqI and FaqI, the mentioned Fusarium species have been divided into 33 groups. The first three enzymes were able to classify Fusarium species into 23 groups of which 19 groups included one member, one group included two members and three groups included three members of the Fusarium species. This study also revealed the possibility in the identification of F. semitectum, F. solani complex, F. pseudograminearum, F. nisikadoi, F. coeruleum and F. acuminatum species by one unique enzyme. In addition, our study indicated the ability of the differentiation of F. Compactum from F. equiseti.
As Compared to previous studies with more endonuclease enzymes and with limited in identifications, the ITS-RFLP patterns reported here an attempted to evaluate most of the Fusarium species successfully.

Considering the increasing incidence of coronary artery stenosis and its related complications, the importance of its etiology and inconsistent reports we aimed to determine the relationship between oxysterol, serum levels and severity of coronary atherosclerosis and effect of statins on oxysterol. A total of 85 patients referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2011-2012 with coronary artery stenosis more than 75%, as determined by angiography, participated in the current study. Their demographic information and history of smoking and taking atorvastatin was carefully recorded. Two milliliters of venous blood was obtained from each patient. The serum oxysterol level of samples was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.19. Eighty five patients completed the study. Mean age of patients was 64.4 years; 51 (60%) were male; 55 (68%) had acute coronary syndrome and 30 (32%) had chronic stable angina. Mean±SD of plasma level of oxysterol was 24.8±0.2 pmol/ml. The normal range of oxysterol level was 13pmol/ml. Mean±SD of plasma oxysterol level in patients under statin therapy was 24.4±2.1 pmol/ml. In patients without receiving statins, plasma oxysterol level was 26.38±1.6pmol/ml. Findings of the present study indicated significant correlation between serum oxysterol and severity of coronary artery stenosis. It also demonstrated that receiving atorvastatin is associated with significant reduction of plasma oxysterol level.

Despite established effects of atorvastatin on level of serum lipid profile in patients with different underlying clinical conditions, the effects of this drug on other serum biomarkers remain uncertain. We examined the effects of atorvastatin therapy on lipid profile, glycemic control, and liver enzymes in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular accident without any history or clinical evidences of diabetes, heart failure, renal failure, or hepatic disease. In a randomized double-blinded controlled trial, 140 hospitalized patients with an ischemic cerebrovascular accident were included and randomly assigned to receive either atorvastatin 40 mg (n = 70) or atorvastatin 20 mg daily (n = 70) for 3 months. The levels of biomarkers were measured at the time of administrating drugs as well as at the time of completing the treatment. A significant reduction was revealed in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and also aspartate aminotransferase levels as well as a significant increase in serum HDL level following administration of atorvastatin in both case and control groups who received the atorvastatin 40 mg/day and 20 mg/day, respectively (all P < 0.050). Although a significant increase in fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c was observed in the case group received atorvastatin 40 mg/day (both P < 0.001), but this elevation was not occurred in another group treated with lower dose of the drug (both P > 0.050). Daily administration of 20 mg and 40 mg doses of atorvastatin for 3 months provides improvement in serum lipid profiles; however, because of interfering effect of high-dose atorvastatin on glycemic control status, the use of the former dose may be preferred. This is very important in these patients because the positive effects of high-dose atorvastatin in stroke patients are not confirmed.

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death (SCD). QT dispersion (QTD) is an important predictor of cardiac arrhythmia. The aim of this study was to assess the acute effect of smoking a single standard cigarette containing 1.7 mg nicotine on QT interval and QTD in healthy smokers and nonsmokers. The study sample population consisted of 40 healthy male hospital staff, including 20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers. They were asked to refrain from smoking at least 6 h before attending the study. A 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG), recorded at paper speed of 50 mm/s, was obtained from all participants before and 10 min after smoking of a single complete cigarette. QT interval, corrected QT interval, QTD, and corrected QT dispersion (QTcD) were measured before and after smoking. Smokers and nonsmokers did not have any significant differences in heart rate (HR) (before smoking = 67.35 ± 5.14 vs. 67.70 ± 5.07, after smoking = 76.70 ± 6.50 vs. 76.85 ± 6.50, respectively), QTD (before smoking = 37.75 ± 7.16 vs. 39.15 ± 6.55, after smoking = 44.75 ± 11.97 vs. 45.50 ± 9.58, respectively), and QTcD (before smoking = 39.85 ± 7.40 vs. 41.55 ± 6.57, after smoking = 50.70 ± 14.31 vs. 51.50 ± 11.71, respectively). However, after smoking a single cigarette, HR, mean QTD, and QTcD significantly increased (all had P value <0.001) in comparison to the measures before smoking. Smoking of a single complete cigarette in both smokers and nonsmokers results in significant QTD increase, which can cause arrhythmia and SCD.

Coronary heart diseases are increasing and one of the gold standards for diagnosis is catheterization. This method is associated with vascular complications such as bleeding, hematoma and arterial thrombosis. To prevent these complications, patients are restricted to bed for 6 hours after the procedure. This practice has been associated with back pain. This clinical trial was conducted to determine the effects of bed rest reduction after angiography on vascular complications and back pain of patients at Taleghani hospital in 2007. 130 patients were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two equal control and experimental groups. Bed rest durations were 6 and 4 hours in the control and experimental groups respectively. A checklist was used for vascular complications as well as hemodynamic status and the numeric pain intensity scale was applied for data collection. None of the patients in both groups developed vascular complications or hemodynamic alterations. However, the intensity of back pain was significantly lower in the experimental group.

Arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease and cardiovascular-induced morbidity and mortality. It can cause end-organ damages such as cerebrovascular diseases, renal failure, and congestive heart failure. On the other hand, because of elevated blood pressure and rapid blood flow, there is an increase in oxidation and peroxidation reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and superoxide dismutase activity in sera of hypertensive patients. In this case-control study, 70 hypertensive patients without any other important diseases such as congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, or thyroid disease were compared with 70 age-and gender-matched controls. The participants'' age range was from 30 to 75 years. Measurement of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in serum was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activity of superoxide dismutase in serum was measured by enzymatic colorimetry method. The patients'' mean age±SD was 52.2±14 years. The controls'' mean age±SD was 45±13 years. The level of superoxide dismutase activity in the patients'' group was 100±27 U/mL, and in the controls’ group was 105±11 U/mL. The level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the patients'' group was 14±4 mu/L, and in controls it was 7.7±3 mu/L. Data of this study demonstrated an elevation of oxidized low -density lipoprotein in hypertensive group that may be the result of oxidation processes. Superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in hypertensive patients, which can be the result of elevated oxidation reactions.

Angiography is the most common invasive method for assessing coronary artery disease. This method is associated with vascular complications such as bleeding, hematoma and arterial thrombosis. To prevent these complications, patients are restricted to bed in supine position after the procedure, which is associated with back pain and discomfort. change Position in bed is considered an alteration in routine care protocols after coronary angiography, improving patients’ comfort and satisfaction. This clinical trial was conducted to identify the effects of position change in bed on vascular complications after coronary angiography. 130 patients hospitalized for coronary angiography were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two equal control and experimental groups. The control group remained supine in bed during the first 6 hours after coronary angiography. The position of patients in the experimental group was changed each hour into supine, semi-Fowler’s (up to 30°) and elevated (up to 45°) positions. A checklist was used for data collection. None of the patients developed bleeding, hematoma or arterial thrombosis; therefore, no significant difference was found between the groups. change Position in bed may reduce back pain and promote physical comfort without increasing vascular complications.