pouran mirzaei

The responses of impeccable Imams to the question of entering the world into an egg, without changing the volume of both sides, are among the problematic narratives in the field of monotheism, the interpretation of which may be considered as knowing the impossible rational matter by using the analogy of entering the image of objects into the eye, which is not consistent with the content of the original question; the issue does not end there and receiving conflicting dual answers from the Imams to the same question and considering this matter as impossible, are among the other challenges in dealing with this category of hadiths. The present study has used a descriptive-analytical method to explain these hadiths and has found that scholars only accept the apparent indication of the narratives, considering this matter as impossible, and interpret or deny the narratives that have addressed the problem through a metaphorical representation of the world entering the eye. On the other hand, one can interpret some narratives that indicate the possibility of this matter by making changes to both sides and remaining silent, and present a new interpretation based on the theories of "Holography" and "Removal of Empty Space of Atoms" in contemporary sciences, in a way that it can be considered as a solution to resolve the contradiction. In fact, the Imams have sometimes given a precise and real answer to the narrators' current state and needs, and sometimes a metaphorical and tacit answer, so that neither the scholars remain ignorant of the truth nor a pretext for denying the power of Almighty God is created for the ignorant and the opponents. Therefore, merely benefiting from a strange appearance of a narrative or initially understanding it in conflict with reason, knowledge, epistemological geometry, etc., is not a sufficient reason for rejection and denial, and a precise understanding of the hadiths requires multidimensional studies that taking into account the knowledge of contemporary humanity can be one of the requirements that can change the world of hadith understanding.

One of the essential points in dealing with ancient texts, especially religious texts, is to pay attention to words that have not been used in the literary industry in the literal sense; Rather, the theologian has intended to use them in a virtual sense, in accordance with the common speech culture of his time. One of these industries is simile, the use of which has sometimes led to the elaboration and complexity of meaning in ancient texts such as Nahj al-Balaghah. Proper equivalence of some of these metaphorical propositions, especially those that are less commonly used today and have distanced themselves from their ancient meaning, requires double precision; Because not paying attention to the permissibility and discovering the ancient used meaning will lead to misunderstanding of the audience and incorrect interpretation of the word. The issue of why it is used is the issue of the present article, which is used in a library style and by inferential descriptive method, by referring to Arabic literature and using this interpretation in original texts and paying attention to the context of utterance and context and using the spoken features of early Arab culture.

The tradition of “’Iʻrifū Allāh bi Allāh” is a difficult (mushkil) hadith that has been considered by philosophers, mystics, and hadith scholars. Some tried to draw the meaning and impact of this narration in the system of Islamic knowledge by using sanad criticisms, while some by explaining and interpreting hadith with different approaches. Accepting the apparent meaning of this hadith requires circle and chain, and as it appears from logical and philosophical findings, circle and chain are vicious and invalid. Therefore, this hadith is a difficult one. This study, using the library method of collecting data, extracting the narrative, and presenting it to other texts, concludes that the existence of the difference between the versions of Kulainī and Sadūq of Mahāsin, with the existing version of Mahāsin al-Barqī and the changes occurred in the sanads, shows the complexity of the sanad. It shows also the ambiguity of the content and makes scholars provide a solution to solve the content and sanad problems of this hadith. Unlike similar studies, this research does not explain the opinions of philosophers and mystics but tries to provide a solution from the perspective of hadith knowledge. Traditionists present six meanings of the hadith to reduce its difficulty. However, looking at the concept of hadith through traditions of the same family and the same topic and presenting the text of the hadith to other hadiths, are a key to better understanding the hadith, and the criticism and review of the views raised in the explanation of this narration. Presenting and preferring the theory of negative and retributive theology and knowing God according to the negation of attributes, is one of the other achievements of this study, with the approach of explaining hadiths by other hadiths.

"Traddod Traditions", which is one of the famous narrations and perhaps a succession of the two sects, is considered as a problematic narration that the multiplicity of narrations, the validity of sources and the presentation of the hadith in order to better understand the meaning, show its importance. The problem with this group of narrations is that they attribute doubts to God Almighty, which is not permissible according to the Shiite belief and rational analysis, as well as the major beliefs of Sunni thinkers. Hence, it needs to be explained how "traffic", which is one of the attributes of creatures can be attributed to God Almighty? The conflict between this group of narrations and other narrative texts that refer to the "believer's interest in death" is another challenge that this narrative content faces. The present study has dealt with the semantics of these narrations in a inferential-analytical manner as well as document analysis and discovery of sputum and correction, paying attention to the origin of the issue, analyzing and selecting the approaches of the thinkers of the two sects and presenting solutions to resolve the news conflict. It seems that paying attention to the semantic connection of these narrations with the issue of longevity is a turning point in discovering the exact meaning of these narrations and makes the meaning of Tani and Tarakhi stronger in the soul of the believer, among other aspects of meanings.

Analysing the meaning of the narrations about the believer salvation, including sinner and righteous, is one of the complicated topics in theology regarding the belief in monotheism and the avoidance of polytheism. Citing the apparent meaning of these narrations, regardless of these themes: ‘Is the salvation of the monotheist with deeds auditing?’ or ‘Is salvation without auditing the purpose of narrations?’ has consequences such as being from the paradise of the sinful believer without questioning, conflict with the narrations about the conformity of the Hereafter punishment with worldly act, etc. With a descriptive-analytical method, the present study aimed to express semantic aspects and conflict resolution alternatives of these narrations by analysing documents, paying attention to the issuance and written origin of narrations, validating sources and analysing the hadith explanation approaches of the two sect scholars. The results indicated that we had reached the techniques from “Absolute Acceptance” to “Absolute Denial” of hadiths, often organised with divine justice to adapt and harmonise. Restricting the meaning of words and interpreting the apparent meaning on issues such as not doing disruptive and denying acts of faith, the believer succeeding in repenting of sin, not going to hell, etc., are the solutions of the scholars to the understanding profound meaning of Imams.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran is known as one of the superb phenomena of the twentieth century, the essential political-religious revolution globally, which has left various effects at the national and international levels. Shia ideology is a crucial element in the etymology of this revolution. One of the basic principles of this ideology is political jurisprudence that has a two-way relationship with the Islamic Revolution. With a qualitative method and documentary study, the present study aimed to analyze the interaction between Shia political jurisprudence and the Islamic Revolution. To this aim, we reviewed documents and library resources and extracted the required data in research files. The results indicated that, on the one hand, Imam Khomeini, as the founder of the Islamic Revolution, by using Shia political jurisprudence, has founded and promoted this revolution. On the other hand, the Islamic Revolution has significantly impacted the development and promotion of Shia political jurisprudence by creating innovative spaces and arenas. This interrelationship is also associated with obstacles, challenges, and harms that the present article has partly addressed.

Combining the word “Habl” with other words, especially “umm,” has led to relatively critical metaphorical interpretations in the Arabic language and the narrative literature. Achieving the exact meaning of these narrative allusions is complex for the audience, and sometimes, the apparent meaning of the phrases is unusual. Therefore, we should choose the correct semantic equivalent of these interpretations. This study aimed to find the modern match of the phrase "هبلتک امک" (habelatka ummuk) and “similar meaning,” by examining the ancient Arabic texts, scholars’ views, the discourse space of earlier texts, the issuance contexts of narrative texts, and analytical comparison of data. The results indicated that using these terms in Arabic literature is different from common languages such as Syriac, Aramaic, and Hebrew, the monopoly of this interpretation in curse and guilt is not prevalent, these metaphorical interpretations have various uses, different expressions of wonder, warning, praise, benevolence and reprimand instead of guilt and curse in the narrative conceptology are applicable.

One of the complicated traditions in the field of God's unicity is the response of the InfallibleImams to the question whether or not the world can be inserted into an egg with no change in thevolume of either of them. It is followed by two basic problems: first,to consider an intellectuallyimpossible issue by the analogy of insertion of the image of things in the eye,which is notcongruous with the mere question,second,the contradiction,duality when responding the samequestion. Having applied a descriptive-deductive method,the present article has analyzed thesehadiths,has found out that the scholars accept merely the apparent denotation of certaintraditions,have deemed this issue impossible. They either interpret or deny the traditions thathave solved the problem by the metaphorical allegory of insertion of the world in the eye. On thecontrary,they have no comments when facing the traditions that denote the feasibility of this issueby means of making changes in the two sides (i.e. eye,world). Today by means of the theoriesof "holography","removal of the free space of an atom" in physics a new version of thesetraditions can be presented,so that the improbable denotation of these traditions can be manifestedas possible,this version can be considered as a solution to remove this contradiction.

Tawhid is one of the most dangerous areas with a large number of difficult traditions, forcing Shiite scholars to try to avoid the conflation of traditions. The discussion of how to obtain the knowledge of God the Almighty is one of the topics that fall into this scope, because the overarching concept of its traditions implies the confinement and exclusivity of the knowledge of God the Almighty, and the incapacity of man to acquire it. By analyzing the documents of these narrations, addressing the source and writing of each hadith, analyzing the validity of the sources and recognizing and comparing the scholarly accounts of the scholars, the present study attempts to explain the transcendental and transcendental approaches of narrators in a descriptive-analytical manner. Solve the problematic traditions in this field, the result of which is to adopt "acceptance, deterrence, and denial" approaches. Being innate and granting the starting point of knowledge by God Almighty; Knowing God merely as the prerequisites of knowledge; Giving God full knowledge of knowledge and accessing excellent degrees of guidance are concepts that believe in the problem of man's position of authority and effort and how He justly solves the Almighty God in these traditions, and himself points to the existence of a consensus between the two rationalist and transcendent specters of scholars.

The existence of literary industries, including idioms in the texts, albeit is sweetish and beautifully word, but sometimes achieving their exact meaning is not easy. Especially in the Metaphorical Phrases, the discovery of meanings and concepts is not always obtained from the algebraic and simple meanings of the words; hence their application in narrative texts, including Nahj al-Balagha, has led to a lack of understanding of the purpose of the Imam. The two Metaphorical Phrases Lā Abā Lak" and "Lā Abā Legayrek" are among these idioms, which only the meaning of composite components and then put together, their true meaning cannot be reached; but the understanding of the Imam's purpose is inevitably involves paying attention to Evidences such as: style of an expression and circumstances of the issuance Etc. Not paying attention to this issue is a problem that Nahj al-Balagha's translations are plagued with and the replacement of inappropriate equivalents in them, creates a suspicion of "the existence of offensive words in the word of the Amir al-Momenin" in the minds. This research, while analyzing and criticizing contemporary translations, seeks to eliminate these doubts by deductive descriptive method, to find the correct equations of the present two terms, And shows that in addition to the main meaning, there are other meanings to the term such as "Why don't you think!?, How much neglect!, Why not come on your own?!, What have you done!?, Enemy your enemy Etc".

The phenomenon of fabrication in the traditions is a plight causing every researcher to ask (first) about the veracity of issuance of a tradition. This issue becomes much more manifest when the tradition becomes ambiguous or is inconsistent with rational findings. Occurrence of such a phenomenon is an undeniable matter; however, it should always be noted that the final expression of opinion about a narration requires taking several research dimensions into consideration among which is the circumstance of the narration issuance. The hadith “dafn al-banāt min al-mukarramāt” (burial of daughters is counted among the honored manners) is judged by major scholars as a fabricated hadith because its content is not consistent with religious and rational findings. By taking the historical events and issuance circumstance of the hadith into account and considering the difference between the literal meaning of the words “dafn” (burying dead) and “wa’d” (burying alive) among the Arabic speaking, this research has suggested a new concept and this way has removed the doctrinal and rational improbability of the content of this narration.

By analysing the sort of contents of the book “Tafsir Al-qomi” we find that although the author tries not to lose the integrity of the text and bring together the contents in a meaningful and systematic way, but he has stopped his method in some parts of the book which causes an incoherent text and confuses the reader. Such written by the author, shows his intentional act and strengthen the suspicion that the writer is someone other than Ali ibn Ibrahim. This issue is clear in narrating from Ali ibn Ibrahim and selective action of the author, quotations, references and interfaces as well as the expression of a vision statement following interpretation of a verse and comparisons between them.