فهرست مطالب r. arabi

In this research work taxonomic distance and clustering performance for understanding of relation and correlation between calcareous, gypsiferous and saline soils of East Azerbaijan semi-arid and arid regions were studied based on soil taxonomy (ST) and world reference base (WRB) systems. The taxonomic distance by R software and Numerical Taxonomy in Excel and clustering using R and SPSS softwares were calculated and their relationship in two systems was investigated. Then using the average amount of physicochemical quantitative data, the results of calculation and clustering compared with each other and so with opinion of the experts, that there was a good quantitative correlation between salids and salonchaks, salonetz, gypsids and gypsisols, argids and luvisols, xerepts and calcisols and gypsisols. The obtained results of four methods were almost similar and identical with each other, but use of each one had its own limits and skills. The conceptual method was based on the dominant qualitative identifiers (soil-forming factors or processes, diagnostic horizons and in general dominant morphological properties of calcareous, gypsiferous and saline soils) and coding of them, that sufficient information or knowledge and skills are necessary to achieve a good accuracy in this method. The quantitative physicochemical data were used in the centroid-based approaches numerical taxonomy and clustering and results of these methods are more reliable. The easiest method was Numerical Taxonomy, which with simple options and without any programing, forms matrix and by normalizing data, the Mahalanubis equation makes the taxonomic distance easily available. In general, these tools and calculations are useful for finding the relationship between soils in different classification systems, and quantitatively numerical findings for their correlation and association in classification systems, especially ST and WRB, which are widely used in Iran are recommended.

Wheat farmers in general and rain fed farmers in particular are faced with natural hazardssuch as drought. In Kermanshah Province, rain fed farmers are challenged by drought,frost, and dust storm. To overcome this dilemma, agricultural policy makers haveprovided crop insurance to rain fed farmers in order to promote risk management andreduce production risk. Because of complex nature of crop insurance in one hand andrecurrent event of natural and man made disasters in other hand, continuous evaluationof crop insurance in terms of stakeholders' satisfaction is imperative. Therefore, thepurpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate the process of crop insurance in termsof stakeholder satisfaction using participatory evaluation and grounded theory. ByUsing purposeful sampling, insured rain fed farmers, crop insurance extension agents,and agricultural bank specialists all had participated in this study. The result of contentanalysis revealed three major themes: 1) infrastructural factors, 2) attitudinal factors,3) administrative factors. The infrastructural factors include: ineffective crop insurancestructure, lack of job security for private insurance agents, small scale farming systems,limited insurance coverage, and weak coordination between agricultural organization andother related offices. The attitudinal factors include: lack of crop insurance knowledgeamong farmers, weak crop insurance culture, lack of trust among farmers and privateinsurance agents. The administrative factors include: delays in paying damages, andunrealistic damage estimation. Based on the results, the following recommendations areproposed: standardizing damage estimation, redefining crop insurance premiums, andusing information communication to institutionalizing crop insurance culture amongrural population.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intellectual capital components on organizational learning among agriculture extension experts in Kermanshah Township. Statistical population consisted of all agriculture extension experts of Jihad-e-Agriculture management and centres of agricultural services in Kermanshah County (N=136), that 102 of them were selected as research sample using random simple sampling method. The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by the panel of experts and its reliability was established by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed by SPSSwin16 and LISREL8.54 software in two parts of descriptive (frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (correlation analysis and path analysis) statistics. Findings revealed that the present status of intellectual capital and organizational learning among agriculture extension experts in Kermanshah Township was at the moderate level. Based on the results of structural equation modeling, relational and structural capitals were the main predictors of organizational learning among agriculture extension experts. Results have applications for better management of human resources in Jihad-e-Agriculture organization. This helps to increase empowerment of farmers through agricultural extension programs will improve.

The Propose of this research is to investigate relationship between knowledge management and innovation in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center personnel in Kermanshah Province. The nature of this research is applied, implemented by cause-correlational method. Statistical population is consisted of all agricultural research center personnel in Kermanshah province (N=60). The instrument for data collection in this research was structured and pretested questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by the expert group and its reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α= 0.87). Using census, the questionnaire was sent to the statistical population of which 52 questionnaires were completed and returned. Data analyzed by SPSSWin18. Results from Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there was positive relation between knowledge management and its triple components with employee's innovation at P=0.01 is significant and positive. Also, path analysis results showed that the variable, knowledge style had the highest effect (55.1%), and the variable of responsiveness to knowledge had the least effect (24.3%) on innovation. Totally, the independent variables of research explained 42.6% of variance in the dependent variable.