فهرست مطالب r. haghparast

In the present study Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica F. & C. M.) landraces that collected from different parts of Iran, were evaluated in nine dryland agricultural research stations in mainly fall planting during 2010 to 2019. At the beging, three Dragon’s head landraces belong to Zanjan, Kurdestan and West Azarbaijane proviences evaluated in Maraghe (cold region) agricultural research station in 2010 and Sararood (semi-cold region) agricultural research station in 2010 and 2012 under rainfed condition, then superior genotypes selected. Twelve landraces were evaluated for adaptation in eight cold, semi-cold and warm agricultural research stations including: Sararood (Kermanshah), Maragheh (East Azarbaijan), Ghamloo (Kurdestan), Gachsaran (Kohgiluieh and Boierahmad), Shirvan (North Khorasan), Shirvan Chardavol (Ilam), Sarabchangaee (Lorestan) and Khodabandeh (Zanjan) under rainfed condition durind three years, 2014-2017. Results showed that, Kurdestan genotype had the highest seed yield, the best rank and the lowest rank standard deviation among all landraces. Onfarm trials conducted in Kermanshah, Lorestan and Zanjan farmer’s fields revealed that in total, Sara veraiety (Kurdestan genotype) had the highest performance and yield stability in most of locations. Overall, Sara variety with average of 42% oil content, high seed and oil yield (929 and 392 kgha-1 respectively) and high oil quality (the highest omega3 among oilseed crops) was suitable crop for fall planting in cold, semi-cold and warm drylands of Iran. Results from Gonbad agricultural research station showed that all genotypes at the beginning of generative growth stage infected to Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria solani diseases and had the low performance therefore, growing Dragon’s head under high rain and moderate climates such as Gonbad is not recommended. Results of complementary studies showed that Sara variety had 42% oil content and 62.87% linolenic acid, also 400 plants m-2 was the best plant density.

Kamal, is a new winter bread wheat cultivar developed by the national rainfed bread wheat breeding program for the cold and temperate dryland areas of Iran. New cultivar created by crossing between Sbn//Trm/k253 and 88Zhong218//Ctk/Vee/3/Kvz/Gv//Prl in Maragheh Research Station. Kamal was selected from segregating population from F2-F7 in Maragheh (2002-2008) based on agronomic characteristics. Based on results, Kamal grain yield means in preliminary and advanced regional yield trail was 2234 and 1719 kgha-1, respectively. Results of elite trail in cold and moderate research stations (2012-2015) showed that the grain yield mean of Kamal was 2120 and means of Azar2 and Ohadi cultivars were 2066 and 2083 kgha-1, respectively. Kamal cultivar in East Azerbaijan province was compared with conventional control cultivars in the farmer fields for 3 years and the results showed that the average grain yield of Kamal and checks were 2604 and 2230 kgha-1 respectively. Kamal is a winter type variety with time to heading of 143 days, 67 cm plant height, 40, gr. 1000 kernel weight, 11.4% protein content, 20 ml Zeleni numer, 41 degree of hardness, 27% wet gluten and 15 unit of gluten index. Results revealed that Kamal cultivar is tolerant to cold and drought stresses, with suitable earliness, and good bread quality but susceptible to yellow rust and leaf rust, this xultivar way and released in 2019 under the name of Kamal for cold and moderate cold dry areas of Iran.

In order to produce wheat lines with high tolerance to drought and cold stresses, Sadra variety was generated by a cross between Sardari (male) and promising line Azadi/Azar (female) in Maragheh research station. Results of studies in the cold and moderate cold research stations showed that the grain yield means of Sadra, Azar2 and Sardari cultivars were 2394, 2332 and 2214 kgha-1, respectively, so that grain yield of Sadra was 8% and 3% higher than Sardari and Azar2 check cultivars, respectively. Sadra has a good adaptability to different climatic conditions, so that the new cultivar possess a great potential to be more productive during years with higher precipitation. According to the results, the mean grain yield of Sadra, Azar 2 and Sardari cultivars under optimal rainfall conditions were 3330, 3045 and 2522 kgha-1, respectively. Sadra cultivar has good general adaptability and grain yield stability, winter growth habit, high tolerance to cold and drought stresses, date to heading of 137 days, plant height of 80 cm and 1000 kernel weight of 35 gr. One of the most important characteristics of Sadra is its bread-making quality, so that Sadra with Zeleni number of 33, protein content of 11.3%, hardness of 47, wet gluten content of 30, gluten index of 50 and SDS sedimentation volume of 55 has a great bread-making quality. Based on its high yield potential and other appropriate agronomic characteristics, Sadra cultivar was released for cultivation in the cold and moderate cold dryland conditions of Iran.

Release of new wheat cultivars with good characteristics such as high yield performance and resistance to diseases for specific regions under rainfed condition is an essential task for sustainability of wheat production. Saein was generated by crossing between: Azar2 and 87Zhong291 (with facultative growth type, high yield performance, good thousand kernel weight and resistance to diseases) in 1999-2000 in Maragheh Research Station. Grain yield means of Saein and Azar2 (as check cultivar) during 2006-2013 cropping seasons in Maragheh Research Station were 2601 and 2493 kgha-1 under rainfed condition and 3529 and 3223 kgha-1 with a supplementary irrigation at the sowing time, respectively. Results showed that Saein had also a specific adaptability in Ardabil regions and grain yield means of Saein (new cultivar), Ohadi and Azar2 (as check cultivars) in Ardabil were 1604, 1267 and 1355 kgha-1, respectively. Results of an on-farm study, in the farmer field in Ardabil province, showed that grain yield means of Saein and Azar2 during 2013-2014 cropping season were 2307 and 2275 kgha-1, respectively. The new cultivar is resistant to yellow rust, resistant to moderately resistant to leaf rust and also resistant to common bunt and dwarf bunt as well as resistant to cold damage, lodging and seed shuttering. New cultivar has winter growth type, white grain color, 76 cm plant height and 33 gr 1000 kernel weight. Based on its good characteristics, this line was released as a new wheat cultivar with the commercial name of Saein in 2015 and was recommended for cultivation in rainfed regions in Ardabil province, in the cold dryland areas in the north west of Iran and also in areas with the potential of supplementary irrigation.

In order to study the adaptability and yield stability of dryland promising durum wheat genotypes, this experiment was conducted with 22 genotypes of durum wheat plus 2 bread wheat cultivars as checks in RCBD for three cropping seasons (1998- 2001) in six cold research stations in dry land areas. In each location simple ANOV A and combined ANOV A for three years were implemented. Because in combined" analysis (3 years in each location) and according to Hartly Fmax test, the error mean squares (MSe) at different locations were significant, therefore for uniformity of MSe, the experimental locations were divided into two groups. Linn and Binns parameter, coefficient of variation of grain yield and rank method were used for determination of stable cultivars/lines. Results of combined ANOV A in the first group (Maragheh, Sararood and Ardebil) showed that interaction effects of year x location and year x cultivar were significant (P ? 0.01), and also differences among cultivais/lines in grain yield were significant at 5% probability level. Bread wheat cultivars had the highest grain yield and, in durum wheat, lines no. 2 and 4 with 1585 and 1566-1 kgha,respectively were the superior lines. Lines no.2 and 18 had the most stability and grain xield among genotypes. In this group line no.18 with facultative growth habit is recommended for these regions. In the second group (Shirvan, Uromieh and Ghamloo) the effects of year, location, cultivar and also interaction effects of year x location and year x location x cultivar on grain yield were significant. After bread wheat cultivars that had the highest grain yield, durum wheat lines no. 9 and 18 with 756 and 734 kgha-1, respectively were the highest yielding genotypes. Regarding grain yield, results of stability and adaptability analysis and growth habit, these two lines are recommendable for growing in these locations.