فهرست مطالب r. jalali

Nosocomial infections are one of the major health problems. As the length of stay in the hospital increases, the risk of mortality and morbidity increases, which ultimately increases the cost of treatment. Therefore, the present study was performed as a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in Iran. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in the range of the years 2001 – 2017. Articles related to the topic were assessed using Persian keywords “nosocomial infections”, “hospital”, and “Iran”, and their English equivalent in descriptive and cross sectional studies by searching online databases of SID & Magiran, PubMed and Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Analytical and interventional studies were excluded from the study list. 578 articles had the preliminary inclusion criteria, and with the removal of 568 unrelated or low quality articles during secondary analyses, 10 articles were finally included in the process of meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of nosocomial infections in Iranian hospitals was 4.6% (CI-95%: 2.6 – 8.1). The highest prevalence of nosocomial infections was in Sanandaj with 15.6% (CI-95%: 10.22–82.1) and the lowest prevalence was in Urmia with 0.4% (CI-95%: 0.1–1.01).  The results of the study showed that nosocomial infection has a low prevalence in Iran, but more attention and control over nosocomial infections in Iranian hospitals is necessary to reach standard levels.

Amblyopia is one of the common eye diseases in children and the risk of vision loss is possible. Therefore, the aim of this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Amblyopia in Iranian children. A meta-analysis was performed for relevant articles in scientific databases including SID, ScienceDirect and Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar in March 1999- February 2017, using the Persian and English Keywords of Amblyopia, children, Iran. FINDINGS: In the review of internal and external journals and search on SID databases 22 articles, PubMed 126 articles, ScienceDirect 112 articles and 116 Google Scholar search engines. Then the articles that had the initial conditions for entry into the study were 162 cases based on preliminary studies, with the elimination of 214 repetitive articles. Finally, removing 120 articles unrelated to the topic of the study and removing 24 articles in the secondary studies ultimately 18 papers entered the meta-analysis process. The overall Prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children was 5.4 % (95% Cl: 3.1%-9.1%). According to the results of this study, the prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children is high.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Limited information is available about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in rural areas of Iran.

A total 1402 adults (1042 females and 360 males), aged between 18-90 yrs, participated in a community-based cross-sectional study. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined by the definition of the National Cholestrol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII), and results were compared with those based on the revised ATPIII and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions.

Overall prevalence of ATP III defined metabolic syndrome was 25.6% compared to 29% and 33% using the revised ATP III, IDF definition respectively. The results of multiple logistic regression model showed after adjusting for age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), marital status, and education level, there was no difference between men and women for metabolic syndrome (P=0.2) by ATP III and revised ATP III definitions while prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.97 times greater in women versus men (95% CI: 1.4 – 2.7, p< 0.001) by the IDF-definition. Sex-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome (by three definitions) increased 1.05%, for each one year increase in age [95% CI: (1.04-1.06)]. In the current study, low serum High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) was the most common component of metabolic syndrome, while high fasting plasma glucose was the least common.

These results show that the metabolic syndrome is prevalent in rural areas and interventional strategies should be considered for weight reduction and treating components of metabolic syndrome in this population.

Batch experiments were conducted to study the ability of marine algae collected from Oman Gulf, Iran, for sorption of cobalt from the metal nitrate solution. The biosorption experiments were performed using native and chemically pretreated sun-dried biomass of marine algae. Our finding indicated that MgCl2 pretreated Cystoseria indica, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina australis had more sorption capacities, while the CaCl2 pretreated ones showed lower capacity (comparing with non-treated native biomass). Also, a fall in the cobalt uptake capacity of Nizimuddinia zanardini, Gracilaria corticata, G. arcuata, Botryocladia leptopoda, Scinaia carnosa, Hypnea valentiae, Ulva fasciata and Codium sp. took place after treatment with chemicals, including CaCl2 (0.1 M), MgCl2 (0.1 M), CaCl2 (0.1 M)/HCl (pH 2) and HCl (0.1 M). Biosorption of cobalt was rapidly took place onto algal biosorbents and most of the sorbed metal ion was bound in the first minutes of contact. Uptake of cobalt was pH-dependent and the most cobalt removal occurred at pH 4. In our screening investigations, brown algae (Dictyota indica, N. zanardini, P. australis, S. glaucescens, and C. indica) removed cobalt most efficiently from aqueous solution, respectively. The capability of marine algae for separation of 60Co was tested and a high 60Co removal was demonstrated.