فهرست مطالب rahnama m

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the main food-borne bacterial pathogens and its control is currenly considered as the most important challenges in food industry. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Cuminum cyminum essence and Nisin in preventing the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the minced meat of Schizothorax zarudnyi.

The analysis of the main components of Cuminum cyminum essence was achieved using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, 103CFU/g of Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated in minced meat of Schizothorax zarudnyi. Then the essence of Cuminum cyminum and nisin were added to the samples separately or in combination. Listeria monocytogenes was counted on days 0, 1,3,5,7,9,11.

The results showed that a concentration of 3% of Cuminum cyminum essence had growth preventing effect on Listeria monocytogenes. Fourtry micrograms of Nisin alone, and the combination of Cuminum cyminum essence (1%) and nisin (10 micrograms) had growth preventing effects on Listeria monocytogenes.

The results demonstrated that Cuminum cyminum essence may be suitable as a natural preservative for controlling the growth of Listeria monocytogenes.

For centuries, herbs have been used to avoid disease s. Peptic ulcer is a disease of any part of the stomach or intestines that exposed to acid and activated pepsin. The objective of the present research was to study the effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides aqueous extract on peptic ulcer due to acetic acid in rats. In this experimental study, 60 Wistar rats weighing approximately 200-250g were randomly divided into 4 groups; negative control, positive control, experiment 1 and experiment 2. Initially, rats were operated to give peptic ulcers by acetic acid. A day after stomach ulcer, the experimental groups received Ziziphora clinopodioides aqueous extract for 14 consecutive days and positive control received normal saline. Negative control animals received no substance. Wound healing and fibroblasts, neutrophils and macrophages per unit area were calculated after 14 days. Data was collected using the SPSS 17 software and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. Wound healing in the experimental group compared to the negative control and positive control groups was significantly increased (p<0.05). By passing time, the number of neutrophils and macrophages were increased in experimental groups and the number of fibroblasts was reduced. Ziziphora clinopodioides extract is effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer induced by acetic acid.

In the food industry to increase shelf life and maintain quality by reducing, eliminatingor controlling disease-causing germs or food spoilage occurs. The proof of the harmfuleffects of chemical preservatives, replacing them with a variety of natural ingredientssuch as essential oils and discussion of natural antibiotics is increasing. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the antibacterial activity and minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MBC) of plant essential oils rosemary,cinnamon, oregano and cumin, alone and in combination with nisin against Salmonellatyphimurium phage type 138 Issue 2 At the heart of the broth - was Brain. In this study,the concentration of 600 micrograms per ml of essential oil and nisin 5/2 microgramsper ml at a temperature of 15 ° C and pH of five, six and seven were studied. In thisstudy Salmonella typhimurium, respectively, cinnamon essential oil, rosemary, cuminand oregano had a deterrent effect. Nisin alone was ineffective on Salmonellatyphimurium. But in keeping with the highest synergistic effect of the essential oilsfrom cinnamon, rosemary, cumin done. Synergy effects were seen in Pune.However,studies in experimental models and generalized models of its food requirement.

Since any structure has a special function and each special function is rooted in a structure, target of this paper is describe and explain structure and function of participation management in Mashhad. Explain structure and function of participation management in Mashhad need describe structure and function of participation management in Mashhad. So, for explain structure and function participation management in Mashhad, we have to describe Characteristics of structure and function urban management in Mashhad. Some of Characteristics: numerousness of organizations, disharmony among organizations, ambiguity in tasks of organizations and etc.

The distinguishing characteristic in the third millennium is planning based on principles of sustainable development in line with nature and all activities related to urban issues. Ecological concepts and consequently ecological park refers to a comprehensive and integrated set of measures which create coordination, balance between the constituent elements of the park in order to establish sustainable development. It means that environmentally friendly plants are not the only matter, so at the same time recycling and saving energy is also considered. We can say that it includes such a wide scale of ecological indicators of environmental variables energy use and materials used which has been considered in this paper. Evidence in planning and designing urban green spaces that are currently used, indicating the fact that the idea of ecological design is very poor. The idea of using ecological parks needs theoretical foundations, principles, criteria, standards and providing them from one side and comparison of existing parks and identifies the similarities and differences with these criteria, from the other side, which are consider in this paper. This paper aims to provide standards and criteria for ecological planning and design of urban parks and use them in the design of new and existing parks consistent with its criteria then the comparison of three existing parks and ecological parks in Mashhad with the principles and finding differences and similarities as the last purpose. So the ecological landscape thinking will be clear at the end.

For evaluation of α-tocopherol acetate effects (α-TA) on the growth and nutritional parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 450 fish with initial mean weight of 95 ±5 g were divided into three groups, fed with 0 (E0), 300 (E300) and 500 (E500) mg α-TA/kg in their feed (GFT-2) for 8 weeks. During experiment the samples were prepared for measuring the growth and nutritional parameters and the data were analyzed by SPSS. Our results showed, although there were no significant differences in mean weight of fish fed diets containing different levels of α-tocopherol (P > 0.05), in comparison with control group significantly better growth was obtained (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, a noticeable improvement in weight gain in day, FCR (Food Conversion Rate) and SGR (Special Growth Rate) was observed in E500 and E300 when compared with control group (P < 0.05); however no difference was observed between treatment of E300 and E500 (P > 0.05). Based on obtained results a diet containing 300 mg α-TA/kg can be recommended for improvement of the growth performance and nutritional parameters of rainbow trout.

Recent studies suggest that sub-lethal ischemia protects the brain against subsequent ischemic injury. In this study, the nature of changes in the blood brain barrier permeability and brain edema following transient middle cerebral artery ischemia and 3-nitropropionic acid was evaluated. This clinical trial was carried out in Islamic Azad University of Zanjan in summer 2010. Rats were divided into 6 main experimental groups, each containing 28 animals. The first group (model of ischemic preconditioning) was subjected to 10 minutes of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the first day and was subjected to 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion in the second day. The second group (controls) did not receive any intervention except a 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion in the second day. The third group (sham) was only subjected to 10 minutes of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the first day. The fourth group (intact) was not subjected to any intervention. The fifth group (model of 3-nitropropionic acid preconditioning) received a single dose of 20mg/kg 3-nitropropionic acid in the first day and was subjected to 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The sixth group (control) received normal saline in the first day and a 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion in the second day. In the third day, the infarct volume, blood brain barrier permeability and brain edema was evaluated in the groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 12 software by LSD method. Preconditioning with transient ischemia and 3-nitropropionic acid decreased neurologic deficit scores, infarct volume, brain barrier permeability and brain edema. Transient ischemia and 3-nitropropionic acid are associated with decrease in neurologic deficit scores, infarct volume, blood brain barrier’s permeability and brain edema; therefore, play active role in ischemic protection.

Aims. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) and competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) for diagnosis of human brucellosis in comparison to routine serological methods. Methods. Brucella abortus S99 used for LPS preparation. LPS extracted by hot phenol method with enzymatic digestion. Microtitre plates coated with LPS. For I-ELISA, binding antibodies to LPS revealed by peroxidase conjugated anti-human IgG1 and for C-ELISA, antibodies revealed by peroxidase conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody M84. Results. The cut off values (obtained by testing negative serum samples) were set at 17.92-21.63% positivity (P%) for I-ELISA and 53.29-56.91% inhibition (I%) for C-ELISA. The specificity for I-ELISA and C -ELISA were 95.5% and 99.5%, respectively. The sensitivity for I-ELISA and C-ELISA were 100% and 96.94%, respectively. The positive predictive value for I-ELISA and C-ELISA were 93.33% and 98.96%, respectively. The negative predictive value for I-ELISA and C-ELISA were 100% and 98.51% and overall agreement were 96.98% and 98.66%, respectively. Conclusion. The results indicate the potential of I-ELISA and C-ELISA as sensitive, specific, rapid and simple methods for diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Background and Nursing and midwifery students perceive high levels of stress due to encountering stressful environment and the existing stressors in educational and clinical experiences, that can lead to disruptions in mental health. Therefore regarding to mental health status is very important. The purpose of this study was determined of mental health status of nursing and midwifery students. This is a descriptive-analytic study, 209 nursing and midwifery students of Mashhad University of medical sciences were selected by classified-cluster sampling method at random. The instruments for collection data were demographic data, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ=28) and interesting to field of study questionnaire. Then the data were analyzed. The results showed that %32.1 of students have mental disorder. The high mean was related to social function disorder and then were in order physical symptoms, sleep disorder and anxiety and depression. There was negative significant relation between rate of interesting to field of study and mental health status(r = -0.22 p=0.001). According to results, it is needed to assessing student’s problems and providing consultation, treatment and appropriate educational conditions for decreasing levels of stress and preventing mental disorders.