فهرست مطالب ramin bashirkhodaparasti

Environmental values are one of the key factors influencing consumers' purchase intentions and increasing their desire to buy green products, which is vital for the sustainable development of the environment. This study aimed to investigate the impact of environmental values on the intention to buy green products, mediated by ecological concerns and moderated by green trust (Case study: green food consumers in Tabriz). The statistical population of this study was green food consumers in the city of Tabriz. Due to the unlimited volume of the statistical population, the sample size was estimated to be 384 people based on Cochran's formula. Green food consumers completed questionnaires, and 384 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. This research is descriptive-correlational in terms of the research method and employs a field survey for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25) and the SMART PLS2 software package. The results showed that environmental values have a positive and significant effect on the intention to purchase green products and on environmental concerns. In addition, environmental concerns have a positive and significant effect on the intention to purchase green products. Environmental concerns mediate the relationship between environmental values and the intention to purchase green products. Finally, green trust moderates the relationship between consumers' environmental concerns and their intention to purchase green products.

IntroductionBy developing policies and strategies, the government can support the application of differentiation strategies among export companies. Additionally, gaining knowledge about customers and distribution channels may provide a basis for identifying products and services that may be unique to the industry. As such, the differentiation strategy is likely to provide a means to develop or adapt products to satisfy the specific needs of buyers in foreign markets. Small and medium-sized exporting firms face external obligations, being small and new. Because of these commitments, small and medium-sized companies must formulate and use appropriate strategies and guidelines to sustain performance when operating abroad. In addition to the different obligations faced by small and medium-sized exporting companies, globalization is associated with more intense competition. How can companies, especially small and medium-sized companies and global start-ups, which typically face significant resource constraints, compete in such environments? The solution is that they should differentiate themselves from competitors.  Differentiation strategy refers to creating and marketing a product that is considered relatively unique in the entire industry. In other words, companies can differentiate their offerings based on brand image, product design, advanced technology, product features, customer service, and other dimensions. Differentiation by creating brand loyalty and less price sensitivity keeps the company away from competitor's aggressive move. Companies use their expertise to invent products and product approaches that differentiate them from competitors. SMEs typically do not have the economies of scale to pursue cost leadership approaches, and foreign markets may include multiple competitors. While the concentration strategy is often suitable for small and medium-sized companies, it is difficult to use in international business because of the diversity that companies face in different foreign markets. Differentiation strategy is closely related to innovation, and organizational learning is considered an important introduction to innovation and provides the knowledge needed to develop differentiated products. The company may need to conduct basic market research to understand distinct customer needs. In addition, gaining knowledge about customers and distribution channels can provide a basis for identifying products and services that may be unique to the industry. The need to pay more attention to environmental activities in business matters has increased. Considering the fact that carrying out sustainable activities, especially in manufacturing companies, requires the expenditure of very large financial resources, and according to studies carried out on manufacturing companies, it can be concluded that most of these companies suffer from a lack of resources. They suffer financially. to deal with environmental and sustainable activities. On the other hand, the cost of production is increasingly high, the power production process is weak and inefficient, the distribution infrastructure is largely weak, and most importantly, regulatory standards are almost non-existent, giving most companies the opportunity to ease their environmental situation. The insurance these companies want is that if they truly go green, they will pay off both financially and environmentally. The green innovation environment also improves competitive advantage and reduces uncertainty. Another important issue that should be considered is the inability of companies to use their financial resources properly, which alone can be an important reason for the failure of companies to gain a competitive advantage. In this research, the antecedents of differentiation strategies in active export companies in the city of Urmia were explained. The current research falls under the category of co relational research in terms of its practical purpose and descriptive survey data collection method. Also, this research was conducted in the field.MethodologyThe statistical population of the present study consists of active export companies of the city of Urmia. The sample size was selected from Morgan's table, 185 companies using the available sampling method. The data collection instrument is a standard questionnaire (Gerbing and Anderson, 1988, Nunnally, 1978) based on the Likert scale, which includes a 7-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. The data analysis was carried out using the structural equation method with the help of SPSS and SmartPLS software's.Results and DiscussionThe results of the present research showed that the antecedents of the differentiation strategy (including: entrepreneurial orientation, international learning orientation, international growth orientation) have a positive and significant effect on the differentiation strategy.  Conclusion According to the research findings, future researchers are advised to collect evidence from listed companies to generate valuable information. As a result, a comparative study between unlisted and listed manufacturing companies will contribute to the validity of the results. Second, the current research design was tested using cross-sectional data that present threats of common method bias, so future researchers should use longitudinal data as well as in-depth interviews to reduce the social desirability of the results. In addition, future researchers are advised to collect data from companies in other provinces to obtain richer results. Third, in this research, the effect of financial resources on green business environment was determined by the mediating role of competitive business environment, however, sustainability and environmental practices in companies may be affected by other factors.

Augmented reality technology has made its way into households, presenting a valuable opportunity for marketers to offer customers a seamless flow experience within the comfort of their homes. In this age of technology, consumers have become comfortable shopping with their mobile devices. With this burgeoning trend, the branded app market has grown steadily, surpassing all other types of mobile commerce. Augmented reality applications add a new dimension to the customer experience by covering the customer's face or surroundings with virtual products. Given the omnipresence of smartphones today and customers' responsiveness to new technologies, there is an increasing focus on studying consumer behavior towards emerging technologies. Augmented reality has appeared as a new technology available to retailers for customer interaction. Also, the popularity of social media among both the young and older generations has led to its widespread usage as a new marketing communication platform. Customers encounter diverse marketing initiatives that businesses swiftly promote and execute in the digital realm of social media networks, disregarding space or time constraints. Due to social media platform features like live chats and commenting capabilities, individuals may now have direct digital interactions with their favorite brands, famous influencers, and other users. Social media users can communicate their attitudes and ideas about a brand’s products or the actions of other users by simply pressing the “like” or “dislike” button or by posting a favorable or unfavorable comment on a post. In addition, influencer marketing is gaining popularity in the era of social media. It is being widely used by marketers to influence their potential customers. This research Meta-synthesizes the existing literature on influencer marketing. Therefore, its purpose is to examine how Homophily attitude, physical and social attractiveness influence purchase intention, mediated by trustworthiness, perceived expertise, and parasocial relationship.

This study employs a descriptive-correlational research design. The statistical population includes approximately 13,000 students at Urmia University who are users of smart mobile phones and augmented reality applications. To calculate the sample size, Morgan's table was used. According to the size of the population, and based on the random cluster sampling method, 384 people were selected as the sample. To carry out this research, a standard questionnaire was used. The data was analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM).

The findings indicate that trustworthiness acts as a mediator in the relationship between Homophily attitude, physical and social attractiveness, and purchase intention. Perceived skill mediates the relationship between Homophily attitude and physical and social attractiveness with purchase intention. Parasocial relationship mediates the relationship between Homophily attitude and physical and social attractiveness with purchase intention. In addition, the attitude of Homophily, physical and social attractiveness has a significant effect on purchase intention.

It can be inferred that social media influencer marketing strategies should be tailored according to individual attributes, characteristics, and types of influencers. Furthermore, recognizing the significance of media richness and naturalness in social media marketing will assist marketing managers in crafting effective campaigns.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personal interaction of sellers on the tendency of customers to word-of-mouth marketing by considering the mediation of effective customer experience and moderation of customer ethnicity and the desire for foreign product among customers of Janbo chain stores in Tabriz. The statistical population is the customers of Janbo chain stores in Tabriz. To determine the sample size, considering that the target population is unlimited, the Cochran sample size determination formula was used and the sample size was 382 people. Sampling method is available in the present study. Data were collected through a questionnaire and to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the value of which was calculated for the whole questionnaire 0.874. Also, SPSS software version 25 was used for data analysis and Smart PLS software was used for inferential statistics and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate a positive and significant effect of personal interaction of sellers on the desire to market word of mouth to customers and in this regard the effective customer experience has a mediating role and also the moderating effect of customer's ethnicity and desire for foreign product on effective customer experience. Took. Therefore, the main question of this research is whether the personal interaction of sellers affects the desire for word-of-mouth marketing through the mediation of effective customer experience and moderation of customer ethnicity and desire for foreign products among customers of Janbo chain stores in Tabriz?

 The concept of "speed" becomes very important in internationalization literature. Internationalization is a time-based process of entrepreneurial behavior. Hence, entrepreneurs who turn to effective logic tend to develop a new network that helps them quickly enter the international market. Internationalization is one of the methods through which companies can enjoy the benefits of operating in the international market. In other words, Firms using causal logic tend to learn faster about international markets than firms using effective logic. The internationalization process of Export companies is determined by the factors relevant to the entrepreneur’s internal decision-making dynamic as well as by external environment-specific factors. International entrepreneurs’ selection of effectuation decision-making logic may impact the speed at which he makes foreign market entry outside the domestic market. Moreover, the uncertainty in the environment causes entrepreneurs to adopt effectuation logic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of effectuation decision-making on internationalization speed with the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. In the present study, the survey method was used to collect data, and the correlation method was used for data analysis. The statistical population of this research was all active export companies in Urmia city, the number of which was 349 companies. According to the sample size from the Morgan table, 185 companies were selected by simple random sampling. The research is a descriptive survey in terms of research method and in the category of correlation research and in terms of data collection method is field method (questionnaire). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and SMART-PLS version 2 software. First, the normality of the variables was checked through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Considering that some variables were non-normal, the PLS method was used to model structural equations. It should be noted that the questionnaire of this research consists of two parts. The first part includes demographic questions and the second part includes the main questions of the questionnaire. Also, the sample of the current research was 185 export companies, and 1 questionnaire was completed and collected in each company by its managers. The results indicate that effectuation decision-making has a positive and significant effect on internationalization speed and also environmental uncertainty has a positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship between effectuation decision-making and internationalization speed. Also, the results of the descriptive analysis of the respondents' data show that among the 185 respondents, 168 (91%) are men and 17 (9%) are women. Also, the frequency distributions of the respondents according to their age, people under 30 years were 21%, 30 to 40 years 38%, 41 to 50 years 22% and 51 years and above 17%. On the other hand, considering that the appropriate criterion for Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability is 0.7 and for convergent validity is 0.5, according to the findings, all these criteria about endogenous variables have obtained the appropriate value, so it can be it confirmed the appropriateness of the reliability and convergent validity of the present study. It shown that effective decision-making has an effect on the speed of internationalization in export companies. Effectiveness is a thriving concept in decision logic and has recently been increasingly used to develop frameworks to explain internationalization. The findings have shown the positive role of decision-making logic in accelerating or increasing the speed of entering international markets. Introducing internationalization speed into the effectiveness literature is a valuable and enlightening addition to the literature, as very few studies have dealt with such perspectives. Previous studies have mainly been conducted with qualitative studies and case study methods, as well as conceptual papers focusing on effectiveness in the context of internationalization. The faster the managers of exporting companies can adapt their organizational structures and processes according to international standards, the faster they can enter international markets. Therefore, the degree of uncertainty about international markets is an important moderator for the realization of the initial entry process. Therefore, it can be claimed that uncertainty in interaction with effective decision making logic helps the rapid internationalization of the company. In fact, an entrepreneur can adapt to these risks and uncertainties through effectiveness decisions. The faster the entrepreneur can adapt his organizational structures and processes according to international standards, the faster the entrepreneur can enter the international market. Therefore, the level of uncertainty about foreign markets is an important moderating factor in the entrepreneur's tendency to allocate resources to fulfill the initial entry process. Therefore, it can be said that uncertainty in interaction with effective decision-making logic helps the rapid internationalization of export companies.

Today, the environment is one of the concerns of human societies. Green products are closely related to the environment and consumers. Therefore, paying attention to the factors that affect the decision process of purchasing organic products is of particular importance. In this regard, this research examines the effect of empathy and pessimism on green purchase intention with the mediating role of consumer ethical beliefs, taking environmental considerations into account. The current research falls under the category of co-relational research in terms of its practical purpose and descriptive survey data collection method. Also, this research was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research consists of consumers of green products in the city of Urmia. According to Morgan's table, the sample size of 400 consumers in Urmia City was selected by a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire based on the Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the structural equation method and with the help of SPSS26, Smart PLS3 software. The results showed that empathy has a positive and significant effect on purchase beliefs and purchase intention. Also, purchase beliefs have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. The effect of pessimism on moral beliefs and purchase intention is negative and significant. The mediating role of ethical beliefs in the relationship between empathy and pessimism with purchase intention was also confirmed.

The current research explores the role of urban entrepreneurship, digital technologies and smart logistics on sustainable business in the smart city with the role of moderating market turbulence; which is descriptive and correlational in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the current study was 600 knowledge-based enterprises located in science and technology parks in Tehran, of which 234 were selected based on Morgan's table and using available sampling method. Necessary information about the subject of the research was collected from the entrepreneurs of these companies. Data were collected through a standard questionnaire and analyzed using Smart-Pls software. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was measured and confirmed using related tests. The results showed that urban entrepreneurship, digital technologies and smart logistics have a positive and significant effect on sustainable business in the smart city. Also, the moderating effect of market turbulence in the relationship between digital technologies and sustainable business in the smart city was confirmed.

Customers are the focus of businesses in today's competitive environment. Meanwhile, Customer perception is a very important aspect required for the success of any business whether it is a service sector organization, a trading concern, or a manufacturing business. Companies with active media presence and social responsibility have a positive reputation and consequently attract customers. According to this, the purpose of this study was investigating the role of media exposure and social responsibility of company (CSR) on customer perception by considering the moderating role of reputation risk among custumers of Urum Ada’s products in Urmia, Iran. The statistical population of research is consisted of 384 custmers of Urum Ada’s products in Urmia that were chosen using Cochran’s formula and simple random sampling method to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaire was standard and its face and content validity was approved by university professors, also convergent and divergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis were done. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was found to be 0.932 for the entire questionnaire. For data analysis, 25 SPSS and Smart PLS2 software were used. The study's findings clearly show that media and social responsibility of company have a positive and significant impact on consumer perception, as well as the moderating influence of reputation risk on the relationship between media exposure and social responsibility of company on customer perception.

Organizations that provide high-quality services by applying green design knowledge and have achieved a high level of environmentally friendly production are more successful in obtaining customer satisfaction and use it to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, which leads to increase in customer commitment, attracting new customers and improving customer buying behavior and profitability for the company. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of green design on environmental performance, considering the mediating role of external green supply chain management practices and institutional environment moderation, in order to create a positive image in the society in the development of green products to create consumer satisfaction. This research is     descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and type, and in terms of method, it is a survey and the relationship between its variables is correlational. The required statistical data was collected by the convenience sampling method and based on the Morgan table, by distributing questionnaires among 150 food industry manufacturing companies in Urmia. The obtained data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The obtained results indicate that green design has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance due to the mediating role of external green supply chain management practices and institutional environment moderation.</em>

The present study examines the effect of greenwashing on green trust and green purchase intention with the mediation of green confusion and perceived green risk. This research is applied in terms of its purpose, it is descriptive-survey in terms of collecting information and it is included in the category of correlational research. The statistical population of the study consists of all consumers of green products in the city of Urmia. Since the statistical population is unlimited, the sample size was selected according to Cochran's formula of 400 consumers by the simple random sampling method. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was done with the help of SmartPLS and SPSS software. The results of the analysis of the first and second hypotheses showed that greenwashing has a positive and significant effect on green confusion and green perceived risk. Analysis of the third and fourth hypotheses showed that greenwashing has a negative and significant effect on green trust and green purchase intention. Also, the analysis of the fifth and sixth hypotheses showed that green confusion and perceived green risk have a negative and significant effect on green trust. The analysis of the seventh, eighth, and ninth hypotheses showed that green confusion, green trust, and perceived green risk have a negative and significant effect on green purchase intention. The analysis of mediation hypotheses also showed that all hypotheses have a positive mediation role. 

Introduction: 

Companies engaged in sustainable development usually use green marketing strategies. In fact, green marketing is an essential way to respond to customers who care about environmental concerns, increase green brand image and differentiate their green products. Therefore, green consumers are concerned about environmental issues and make decisions focusing on green attention. Now many partners run a green marketing campaign to beat the competition. In fact, greenwashing refers to the dishonest and misleading claims of the environmental seller. When sellers hide the facts and promote only the positive aspects of their environmental performance, consumers suspect their actions as greenwashing. Therefore, greenwashing is described as the act of misleading consumers about the environmental actions of a company or the ecological benefits of a product or service. Consumers usually base their decisions on advertisements and corporate messages, and on the other hand, greenwashing destroy consumer confidence in green advertisements. Therefore, companies should reduce their greenwashing activities to increase brand image, satisfaction and trust, and should also allow consumers to obtain sufficient and reliable information to enable them to choose products or brands from other companies and check them according to their environmental conditions. Therefore, if green marketers do not provide reliable information to their customers, it will be difficult to convince their customers of the superiority of their products. Customers whose attitude towards green development is high will be able to purchase more green products. In this sense, green purchase intention helps organizations to create a positive brand image, goodwill, and good public image. Based on this, the current research aims to make the consumers of these products gradually change their buying behavior and rethink the products they buy to bring them satisfaction and also be loyal to the purchase of some such products. The present study investigates the effect of greenwashing on green trust and green purchase intention with the mediation of green confusion and perceived green risk. 

Methodology: 

This correlational research is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of collecting information. It should be noted that this research was carried out in the field. The statistical population of the research consists of all consumers of green products in the city of Urmia. Since the statistical population is unlimited, the sample size was selected according to the Cochran formula of 400 consumers by the simple random sampling method. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to ensure the reliability of the research variables. All the coefficients obtained for the variables are greater than 0.7, so the reliability of the questionnaire is adequate. Also, to check the face validity, 5 experts (professors from the business management department of Urmia University) were called upon. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS and SPSS software. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability criterion (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE) were used to check the reliability of the external model. The value of composite reliability is greater than 0.7, and the average variance extracted is greater than 0.5, indicating adequate reliability of the model. In addition, the value of the correlation between the indicators and their related structures is higher than the correlation between them and other structures, which is proof of the validity of the corresponding variation in this model. The fit of the structural model of this study was evaluated by fit indexes like the coefficient of determination (R2), the value of predictive validity (Q2), and the goodness-of-fit (GOF) test. According to the analysis results, it can be said that all R2 values are at the average level for the fit of the structural part of the model. The standard value of GOF was calculated as 0.440, which shows the strong fit of the overall research model. 

Findings:

The findings of the analysis of the first and second hypotheses showed that greenwashing has a positive and significant effect on green confusion and green perceived risk. The analysis of the third and fourth hypotheses showed that greenwashing has a negative and significant effect on green trust and green purchase intention. Also, the analysis of the fifth and sixth hypotheses showed that environmental confusion and perceived green risk have a negative and significant effect on environmental trust. The analysis of the 7th, 8th, and 9th hypotheses showed that green confusion, green trust, and perceived green risk have a negative and significant effect on green purchase intention. The analysis of the mediation hypotheses also showed that all the hypotheses have a positive mediation role. 

Conclusion:

 Greenwashing is used to show a positive image of a business and to tell the general public that they are not selling questionable goods, thereby avoiding negative feedback. Therefore, customers increasingly distrusted companies' green products. Greenwashing hinders green branding because environmental arguments increase mistrust. Because greenwashing is an obstacle to green marketing, it is difficult for consumers to recognize the effectiveness of green initiatives. In addition, using the incorrect display of the green image leads to an increase in lies and a decrease in customer trust. As a result, customer interest decreases.First, companies must be very strict about their quality standards throughout the production department, which ultimately leads to continuous improvement in product performance. Second, companies should pay more attention to the growing reliance on social media to gain more green trust. Third, companies should reduce corporate greening activities that negatively affect their trusting relationships with consumers. Fourth, companies should ensure the validity of their customers' claims through effective marketing. Manufacturers should educate their consumers and increase their ability to recognize ecological claims. By reducing greenwashing activities related to consumers' quality, functional value, and epistemic value, companies can build strong green trust, which helps them increase green purchase intention and profit sales. Also, if consumers feel conflicted, they can even delay purchasing decisions and can't really trust the business. They postpone their purchases or give up because they are less able to make the right purchase decision. Also, consumer confusion can have a negative impact, one of which is reported distrust. A customer's choice to trust or not trust is influenced by the level of perceived risk. If customers feel a high risk toward a product or brand, the product or brand will not be trusted. In other words, the more risks consumers assess, the less trust they have in products or brands with green claims.

In order to gain a better understanding of the ecological movement of a particular nation, it is important to test how consumers in that country view environmental issues and, consequently, how they behave. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to Analyzing the role of skepticism green advertising and usefulness of information on intention to purchase green products with the moderating role of independent and dependent self-interpretation among users who visit organic ads on Instagram. The present study is a correlational study in terms of classification based on the research method and applied research in terms of based on purpose. The statistical population of this study includes all Tabriz users who visit ads for organic products on Instagram. According to Cochran's formula, 384 people were obtained by the available sampling method. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire based on the Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and SMART-PLS software version 3. The results of the study showed that pessimism about green advertising and the usefulness of information affects the intention to buy a green product. In addition, pessimism about green advertising affects the usefulness of information. Finally, independent and dependent self-interpretation moderates the relationship between the usefulness of information and the intention to buy green.

Today, with the expansion of globalization and increasing competition, the issue of exports to create a competitive advantage, economic growth and prosperity for companies has become more important than ever. In this study, in addition to helping to complete the theoretical literature, especially in the statistical community, we intend to help export companies to pay more attention to intangible resources and make better use of knowledge absorption  capabilities and help improve their performance. The statistical population of this study includes all active industrial export companies in Urmia. In this study, to test the hypotheses, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the data and data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling based on partial least squares (Smart-PLS3) and (SPSS26). The results showed that intangible resources have a positive and significant effect on knowledge absorption capabilities, innovation and export performance. Knowledge absorption capabilities also have a positive and significant effect on innovation and export performance. Finally, the innovation variable plays a mediating role between intangible resources and export performance; This also happens in the ability to absorb knowledge and export performance

Entrepreneurial orientation is a valuable structure for understanding how and why some companies are able to grow regularly over time through new ways. The aim of this study is to Investigating the role of Brand Orientation and Entrepreneurship orientation on Brand Performance in Green food producers. This is an applied and descriptive study and has been performed by the survey method. The sample size in this study 94 employees of green food companies in Tehran who were selected by the Cochran sampling method. Data collection in the present study was done in the winter period of 1398 and in order to analyze the data, the structural equation modeling method was used. The validity of convergent and divergent validity was used by software, In order to fit the reliability, Cronbach alpha was used and its coefficient for all research structures is more than 0.7. The results show that brand orientation and entrepreneurship orientation have a significant effect on brand performance. There was also a positive and significant effect between brand orientation and entrepreneurial orientation. Because the heart of entrepreneurial orientation is innovation, green food companies are better able to create creative brands for their products and services and present a different image of their organization in the market. Therefore, adopting an entrepreneurial orientation in manufacturing companies promotes branding in them.

Nowadays, it has become difficult to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty due to expanding of globalization process, increase competition, entry of different domestic and foreign firms, diversified products and technology advancement. Therefore, utilizing marketing capabilities and strategies to survive in the competitive markets seems necessary as these two factors can provide a good basis for improving the business performance of the firm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of marketing capabilities and strategies on the business performance of export firms in the chocolate industry in Tabriz. The population includes all managers and senior staff of Tabriz chocolate exporting firms. The sample size was 215 using Cochran formula and were selected based on non-random purposive sampling method. Standard questionnaire was used to measure variables. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed based on construct validity, diagnostic and convergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research model was tested according to the structural equation method and LISREL software. The results showed that marketing architecture capabilities, marketing specialized capabilities, and marketing cross-functional capabilities had a significant positive effect on the internal and external effectiveness of implementing export marketing strategies. Also, significant positive effect of internal effectiveness on the external effectiveness of implementation of export marketing strategies was confirmed. Finally, significant positive impact of external effectiveness of implementing export marketing strategies on business performance including customer performance, market performance and financial performance was confirmed.

Companies need to identify the factors affecting their export performance in order to survive and succeed in export activities. The purpose of this investigating the impact of firm capabilities on export performance and competitive advantage with the mediating role of market-focused flexibility in Urmia export companies. The present study presents hypotheses in the framework of a conceptual research model which is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive of survey type. Also, The statistical population of this study is all companies active in industrial towns of urmia that 150 were selected by simple random sampling method. Also, the questionnaire was used to collect data and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data. The results of this study showed that the dimensions of firm capabilities (Marketing capabilities, Financial resources and Spatial configuration) as well as market-focus flexibility (Operational flexibility, Strategic flexibility, Subcontracting volume production) have a direct and positive advantage and export performance, the role of flexibility mediation was also confirmed.

Humans always are at risk of disease from viral emeregence. The SARS-CoV2, the cause of COVID-19, has recently led to the worldwide outbreak. In this regard, numerous efforst have been dedicated to develop strategies to overcome this problem.

The major databases including, Scince Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Cockrain, Pubmed and etc. were searched carfully using approparite kaywords to find the papars have been published on the topic of interest. A number of 11 articles were found eligble to be included in this review.

Due to the lack of standard and effective treatments or any prophilactic vaccines for the novle coronavirus, the best ways to avoid the infection spread in the current situation are the managament and controlling measures. Sufficient knowledge of the virus nature, as well as the correct decisions to take the personal protective and hygienic measures could be efficient in the management of this problem.

In spite of effects on physical health, COVID-19 has also resulted in major psychological illnesses, including stress and anxiety. Therefore, effective measure shuld be considered to mange the mental health issues arsied from this disease. It is also essential to prevent nosocomial infections of medical staff and patients by strengthening the management measures. Education of the medical staffs can also help them to edure the various problems in this situation.

In this study, performance of four portfolio insurance strategies based on Stop-loss Portfolio(SL), Synthetic Put Portfolio Option(SPP), Constant Proportion Portfolio(CPPI) and Dynamic Value at Risk(D-VaR) were compared and based on the Omega performance criterion with threshold values of 1 to 4 percent and also empirical Value at Risk were evaluated. According to daily data of Tehran Stock Exchange index for 10 years, the sample includes 2467 observations from the first of April 2009 to the end of March 2019. Using the software R version 3.4.4, comparison of portfolio insurance strategies based on bootstrap block simulation were compared. The results showed that SPP and CPPI strategies with higher omega criteria had better performance than SL's strategy and also, the D-VaR strategy at level of 90% based on estimated the average and volatility from the parametric model after the Bootstrap simulation process and according to the omega performance criterion and empirical value at risk has more effective than other strategies in hedging portfolio toward the other strategies.

The purpose of this Research is to investigate the causal relationship between the stock price index in the insurance industry, banking sector, and the investment sector during 2009 – 2017 period. So, a long-term relationship between variables was investigated by Johansson-Juselius test. Then, by Vector error correction model (VECM), the causal relation between the variables of the model was studied. According to the results, the existence of long-term Granger causality is confirmed from stock prices in banking sector and investment sector indices toward insurance industry. Also, the existence of a long-term Granger causality from insurance industry and banking sector toward investment sector is not confirmed, but there is a long-term causal relationship from Insurance industry and investment sectors toward banking sector. Only a short-run causal relationship is found from stock price index of insurance industry and stock price index of banking sector toward investment sector. Banking sector has a negative impact on insurance industry, which indicates the Substitution effect of banking sector in insurance industry. It can also be argued that if the stock market is a good indicator of economic environment, the insurance sector and banking sector act ineffectively in persuading investment, which indicates a necessity for revision on the subject.

The main goal of investors is to maximize wealth. Wealth depends on two factors: risk and returns. For this reason, it is vital for shareholders to predict these two factors. The purpose of the present research is to use the five-factor model of Fama & French to predict stock return in offensive and defensive share. For this reason, 105 companies were selected through the systematic disposal method for the period of seven years, from 2008-2016. Also, in this research the beta coefficient has been used to identify offensive and defensive shares. After the formation of portfolio and factors calculation, the cross-sectional regression was used to analyze the data. After analyzing classical hypotheses and co-Linearity test, the final model for each of the offensive and defensive shares were estimated. The results of the research show that value factor and size as a redundant variables but the profitability factor have. The profitability factor has a negative effect on the additional return of defensive shares and do not have effect on the additional returns of the shares offensive. The investment factor has a positive effect on the additional returns of the shares offensive and do not have effect on the additional returns of the defensive shares

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship of EFQM criteria wit job satisfaction and organizational loyalty. The statistical population of this study included all employees of Urmia university (186 employees). All 186 employees selected as research sample. The instruments included EFQM, Job Satisfaction and organizational loyalty questionnaires. Path analysis used for data analysis. Results showed that EFQM criteria had significant relationship with job satisfaction and organizational loyalty.