ramin mazaheri khameneh

The cooling procedure markedly diminishes the quality of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) sperms, primarily because their membranes are highly susceptible to this process. This susceptibility triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, ultimately leading to lipid peroxidation in the sperm membrane. Surprisingly, there has been a lack of research on the use of Tris-based extenders to safeguard guinea pig sperm under refrigeration conditions. This study aimed to assess the viability of guinea pig spermatozoa diluted in Tris buffer-based extenders during storage at 5.00 ˚C. Sperm collection was carried out through castration of the animals. For this study, 10 adult male guinea pigs were utilized, being divided into four groups including phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), human tubal fluid (HTF), Tris-citric-glucose (TCG), and Tris-fructose-yolk (TFY) cultures. Evaluations including sperm motility, morphology, plasma membrane integrity, viability, and total count were conducted at 0, 24, and 48 hr after sampling. The results obtained indicated that at the 24-hr and 48-hr marks of the experiment, both overall and progressive motility percentages, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and morphology of sperms in the PBS and HTF cultures exhibited a significant increase in comparison with the TCG and TFY cultures. Consequently, it can be inferred that PBS and HTF cultures are highly effective in preserving the quality of guinea pig spermatozoa.

Ligament injuries are one of the most common injuries in small animals. These injuries can cause sudden pain, lameness and even weight intolerance. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment greatly increase the likelihood of successful treatment. Chronic injuries usually do not respond well to treatment and weaken the prognosis of treatment. Injury to the cruciate ligaments, followed by damage to the collateral ligaments, is one of the most common injuries to the knee joint. There are many ways to diagnose and confirm these injuries. These include ultrasonography and radiography. Numerous strategies for diagnosing and treating ligament injuries have been presented in previous studies, some of which have been attempted during this study.

A 5-year-old mongrel male dog with severe left forelimb lameness was referred to the veterinary clinic of Urmia University. On initial physical examination, vital signs were normal. However, a firm swelling with a history of one year progressive increasing in size was observed on the caudolateral aspect of the left shoulder. Pedal reflex was negative. On radiographic examination, a large mass with abnormal radiodensity was seen in the caudal humerus. Hypodermic needle aspiration specimen were unremarkable except large number of normal blood cells. Under general anesthesia, the tumoral mass was surgically removed via a caudolateral approach to the humerus. Pathological assessments corroborated the lobular pattern with the presence of tumor cells similar to normal chondrocytes in an amorphous, basophilic matrix that confirmed the chondroma tumor. In the postoperative follow-up, normal nerve function was returned and lameness was disappeared. Chondroma tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with persistent lameness and neuropathies.

The babesias are the second common blood parasites in mammalian after trypanosomes and babesiosis as an emerging zoonotic disease has caused great concern. The aim of this study was to examine testicular histological alterations following experimental babesiosis induction by Babesia bigemina in mouse.
In this experimental study, 24 adult male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups including untreated control, sham (receiving 2.0 ml normal saline intraperitoneally at the time of babesiosis induction), splenectomy and experimental babesiosis. Groups Experimental babesiosis was induced in splenectomized mice through 2.0 ml intraperitoneal injection of the infected heparinized blood sample belonging to a cow with confirmed B. bigemina infection. All animals were euthanized after 5 days and testicular histology was evaluated following confirmation of infection using microscopic and molecular analyses.
The experimental babesiosis caused a significant reduction in the cross-sectional area, quality, maturation and number of seminiferous tubules cross-sections as well as severe testicular morphological alterations such as distinct hypospermatogenesis and spermatogenic maturation arrest compared to control, sham and splenectomy groups.
Findings of this study show that B. bigemina infection can lead to testicular damage in mice probably through microcirculatory disruption and blood flow reduction.

Adhesion and fibrotic bands formation is one of the most important post-surgical complication in pelvic and abdominal surgeries. Major studies in prevention of adhesion formation have based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Silymarin, Silybum marianum extract contains compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic activities thus could reduce adhesion formation. The aim of the present study was to examine silymarin effects on post –operative peritoneal adhesion prevention in rats.
In this study eighteen 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Under general anesthesia a 2-3 cm ventral midline incision was aseptically made. To induction of adhesions the cecal abrasion model was used. Rats were randomly divided into three groups silymarin, vehicle and the control, each containing 6 rats. Rats in silymarin group received 50 mg/kg silymarin, while rats in the control group were given 0.9% sodium chloride and the vehicle group were treated with equal volume of poly ethylene glycol, intraperitonealy once daily for five days. All animals were sacrificed on the 15th postoperative day. The adhesions were scored as 0, 1, 2 and 3. The cecum and adherent bands were prepared for histopathological evaluation. A semi-quantitive scoring system of the hitopathological grading scale was used for the evaluation of the inflammation grade.
There were no incisional hernias or wound dehiscences in any animals of the three groups. Both macroscopic adhesion scoring and the histopathological grading showed significantly low adhesion scores in the silymarin group in comparision to the control group. (p Based on results, it was concluded that silymarin is effective in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats.

Failed visualization of the fetal nasal bone (NB) by ultrasound at 11 - 14 weeks of gestation is strongly associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Meanwhile, the incidence of the absent fetal NB in normal fetuses in the first trimester in mothers of different ethnic origins differs significantly. It is, therefore, important to assess ethnic variations in the first-trimester visualization of the fetal NB before introducing this marker into routine screening programs for aneuploidy.. The objectives of this study were to determine the NB length and the prevalence of the NB absence as well as calculating the likelihood ratio (LR) for the absence of the NB in normal fetuses of Iranian women undergoing first-trimester screening for trisomy 21..Patients and In 767 normal fetuses, the fetal profile was examined by ultrasound for the absence/presence of the NB. The NB length was also measured, and the LR for the NB absence was also determined.. The NB was absent in 2/767 (0.26%) of the fetuses. The mean length of the NB was 3.6 ± 0.69 mm for the fetuses of 11 - 14 weeks gestational age. The LR value of the absent NB was equal to 250 in the normal fetuses of the Iranian population living in the North-West provinces.. The low prevalence of the NB absence in normal fetuses in the present study is compatible with the larger size of the NB in Iranian people compared to other communities. Meanwhile, the reference range of the NB length in normal Iranian fetuses was established so that basic data could be recorded for further studies regarding the absence or presence of the NB in screening for chromosomal abnormalities (Down syndrome) within the Iranian population..