rasool samimi

Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) play an effective role in the susceptibility of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Given the importance of this polymorphism and its association with pulmonary TB, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of VDR polymorphisms in people with pulmonary TB.  

The search process was performed from 2009 to 2023 according to PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). The strengthening of the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to qualify the articles. The data was entered into STATA version 14 software, then the fixed effects model and the random effects model, effect size (ES), and Q test (P < 0.10) were used for data analysis at a confidence interval level (CI) of 95%. Two-sided statistical tests were considered with α=0.05.  

In this research, 28 articles were analyzed. Polymorphisms showed a significant relationship with susceptibility to pulmonary TB (P = 0.000), and significant heterogeneity (P = 0.000) was seen between polymorphisms. FokI (95% CI: 0.39-0.46, P = 0.000, ES = 43%), ApaI (95% CI: 0.31-0.48, P = 0.000, ES = 39%) and BsmI  (95% CI: 0.24-0.50, P = 0.000, ES = 37%) showed the most frequent gene polymorphisms after TaqI (95% CI: 0.34-0.77, P = 0.000, ES = 56%).  

ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI polymorphisms were found in patients suffering from pulmonary TB. Polymorphisms related to the TaqI gene were the most frequent. Controlling and prescribing vitamin D may be needed in these patients.

Humans are one of the hosts of this Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), contamination is causedby eating the eggs of this parasite. This study investigatesa patient with a hydatid cyst in the liver and bile ducts referred to the Velayat hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran,in 2021.

Thepatient was a 74-year-old woman complained of abdominal pain and jaundice. Computerized tomography(CT) scans and endosonography were performed. By endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP), hydatid membranes were removed.

Endemic areas are the point of view of hydatid cyst. In patients with lower abdominal pain, hydatid cyst should be considered.

Anxiety is a common reaction when people encounter new problems where they do not know what expect. The nurses are responsible for assessing the patient and helping them with the procedure of endoscopy. This study investigates differences in anxiety level of patients who receive nursing process of Orlando's theory prior to endoscopy examination compared to a control group.
A Quasi -experimental research design was used in this study. Samples were 60 adult patients who were randomly assigned to two groups (30 patients each). Patients in the study group receive nursing process of Orlando's theory by the researcher plus the routine hospital intervention, while the control group only received the routine hospital intervention. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI scale) is administering to both groups before and after endoscopy examination. STAI, a self-reporting psychometric test, is used to assess state anxiety levels. STAI has demonstrated reliability and validity in previous studies.
Statistically significant difference was evident between the 2 groups regarding the mean of anxiety level of patients after the intervention. Before the intervention, the mean of anxiety level in the control and study groups were 47±9 and 58 ±11 and after the intervention were: 41±7, 35±7, respectively.
Intervention groups have the lower mean of anxiety level after the intervention. Female patients in this study experienced low level anxiety compared to male patients after Orlando nursing process. The data suggest that endoscopy unit personnel and the referring physician should consider the patient’s perception of the procedure. Detailed information on the procedure and training in relaxation techniques should be given. Positive re-appraisal and information on sensations to be anticipated, rather than procedural details, will be more successful in alleviating stress and anxiety.

Ezetimibe inhibits the resorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the small intestine and decreases insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Acarbose has been used in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of ezetimibe and acarbosein decreasing liver transaminase levels in patients with NAFLD. This was a single center, double-blind, parallel-group study conducted at Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Qazvin, Iran. In this trial, we enrolled, by simple randomization, a total of 62 patients diagnosed with NASH. There were 29 patients treated with ezetimibe and 33 who were treated with acarbose over a ten-week period. Ezetimibe treatment significantly reduced ALT, AST, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and serum insulin levels and the insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index compared to patients treated with acarbose (p)Both ezetimibe and acarbose improved metabolic and biochemical abnormalities in patients with NASH, however these effects were more prominent with ezetimibe.

A concern for doctors and medical staff in forensic medicine centers is the risk of transmission contagious diseases such as AIDS, Hepatitis B and C from patients or cadavers of IV drug abusers and their specimens. They may be infected to these serious diseases. The estimation of the prevalences of these diseases in expired IV drug abusers can be a guide for primary and secondary preventions in high risk forensic medicine and other medical centers personnel. This is a one- year observational descriptive case-control study on expired IV drug abusers and the control group (car accident victims), handled in Hamedan Forensic Medicine Center from 20 April 2007 to 20 April 2008. To estimate the prevalence of AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections among cadavers of IV drug abusers and to compare them with these prevalence in cadavers of the control group, blood samples were taken from all expired IV drug abusers and the same number of car accident victims. Then the blood samples were analyzed in the laboratory for detection of HBS-Ag, HBS-Ab, HIV-Ab, and HCV-Ab (hemolyzed blood samples were excluded from the study). To confirm the diagnosis, Western Blot and RIBA tests were done on positive samples for HIV-Ab and HCV-Ab respectively. Demographic data were taken too. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by using SPSS software (version16). Out of 94 expired IV drug abusers, 10. 6٪ were HIV-Ab positive, 6. 4٪ were HBS-Ag positive, and 60. 6٪ were HCV-Ab positive, which were statistically significant for HIV and HCV compared to control group (p< 0. 001 and p<0. 0001 respectively). Since the prevalence of HIV and HCV infections have shown a significant difference between expired IV drug abusers and the control group, strict observation of safety such as wearing masks, glasses, and gloves are highly recommended to reduce the risk of acquiring these diseases in case of exposure to patients, cadavers and specimens of IV drug abusers.