فهرست مطالب razieh zare

Among leading causes of the ischemic stroke pathogenesis, oxidative stress strongly declines rate of stem cell engraftment at the injury site, and disables stem cell-based therapy as a key treatment for ischemia stroke. To overcome this therapeutic limitation, preconditioning has been represented a possible approach to augment the adaptation and viability of stem cells to oxidative stress. Here, we illustrated protective impacts of valproic acid (VPA) and/or rapamycin (RAPA) preconditioning unto oxygen glucose and serum deprivation (OGSD)-stimulated cell damage in hair follicle-derived stem cells (HFSCs) and surveyed the plausible inducement mechanisms. OGSD, as an in vitro cell injury model, was established and HFSCs viability was observed using MTT assay after VPA, RAPA, and VPA-RAPA preconditioning under OGSD. ROS and MDA production was assessed to reflect oxidative stress. Real-time PCR and western blotting were employed to investigate Nrf2 expression. The activity of Nrf2-related antioxidant enzymes including NQO1, GPx and GSH level were examined. VEGF and BDNF mRNA expression levels were analyzed. Our results showed that VPA and/or RAPA preconditioning ameliorated OGSD-induced decline in HFSCs viability. In addition, they considerably prohibited ROS and MDA generation in the OGSD-treated HFSCs. Furthermore, VPA and/or RAPA preconditioning stimulated Nrf2 nuclear repositioning and NQO1 and GPx activity and GSH amount, as well as expression of paracrine factors VEGF and BDNF in OGSD-treated HFSCs. Thus, the protective effects afforded by VPA and/or RAPA preconditioning, which involved Nrf2-modulated oxidant stress and regulation of VEGF and BDNF expression, display a simple strategy to augment cell-transplantation efficiency for ischemic stroke.

Statement of the Problem: 

Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) plays important roles in many cellular processes and has been implicated in different types of diseases such as cancers.

This study aimed to evaluate the serum level of HSP27 in patients with salivary gland tumors and to determine its possible correlation with the prognosis of the disease.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 60 patients with salivary gland tumor including 16 pleomorphic adenoma, 33 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 6 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 5 acinic cell carcinoma, and 28 healthy control subjects. The control cases were healthy blood donors who matched the study group in age and sex. Serum samples were obtained from the clotted blood and HSP27concentrations were measured with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA, post Hoc test, independent sample t-test, and ROC analysis. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

The mean serum level of HSP27 was 3956.1±3830.1 (pg/ml) in patients with malignant salivary gland tumor, which was significantly higher than that in benign salivary gland tumor (752.2±485.6) and healthy controls (602.3±575.8) (p< 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the HSP27 serum levels between the patients with benign salivary gland tumors and healthy controls (p= 0.2). No association was detected between the mean serum levels of HSP27 and clinicopathologic factors such as age, sex, stage and nodal metastasis (p> 0.05), except for the tumor size (p= 0.04).

The HSP27 concentration increased in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors. Moreover, the HSP27 level was correlated with tumor growth, invasiveness, and diagnosability. Yet, larger clinical studies are required to explore its prognostic value.

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a unique process resulting in enhanced cell motility, invasiveness, and metastasis in cancer. The EMT is regulated by several transcription factors, including Snail and Slug, which exert crucial roles during cancer progression. We have studied the effects of Docetaxel as the first-line chemotherapy agent for prostate cancer, and Telmisartan as an anti-hypertensive drug on the expression level of Snail and Slug. In addition, the effects of Docetaxel, Telmisartan and their combination on cancer cell proliferation were investigated. The PC3, DU145, MDA-MB468, and HEK cell lines were used for this study. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and MTT assay were used to study the expression of Snail and Slug level and cell proliferative assay, respectively. We found that a combination of Docetaxel + Telmisartan effectively inhibits the cell proliferation in cancerous cells in comparison with each drug alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, in these cell lines, Docetaxel, Telmisartan and their combination significantly diminished the expression level of Snail and Slug genes compared to control cells (P<0.001), however, in the HEK cell line, this effect was seen only in the combination group. Our data imply that Telmisartan and its combination with Docetaxel exert strong inhibitory effects on the expression level of Snail and Slug genes. Also, these drugs and their combination could inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, the combination of Telmisartan and Docetaxel has the potential to suppress the metastasis of prostate and breast cancer cells.

The castability of nonprecious gold color alloy using torch/ centrifugal and induction/vacuum-pressure casting techniques has not been studied yet.

This study was conducted to compare the castability of nickel chromium, cobalt-chromium and nonprecious gold color alloy using torch/centrifugal and induction/ vacuum-pressure casting techniques.

In this in vitro study, a total number of 54 identical acrylic wax meshes were prepared and divided into 6 different groups of 9 each. Group 1: nickel-chromium alloy, which was casted with induction technique. Group 2: nickel-chromium alloy was casted with centrifugal technique. Group 3: cobalt-chromium alloy was casted with induction technique. Group 4: cobalt-chromium alloy was casted with centrifugal technique. Group 5: nonprecious gold color alloy was casted with induction technique. Group 6: nonprecious gold color alloy was casted with centrifugal technique. Then castability of specimens was measured using modified Whitlock’s method. The results were analyzed using two way ANOVA and post hoc tests.

ANOVA test revealed no statistically significant difference between different alloys with a p Value of 0.313. Moreover, it represented no significant differences within the groups regarding alloy types and casting techniques with a p Value of 0.511 and 0.682, respectively.

No significant difference was found in the castability value of nickel-chromium, cobalt-chromium, and nonprecious gold color alloys. In addition, the castability value of three alloys tested in this study was not different by using torch/centrifugal or induction/vacuum-pressure casting machines.

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease in which oxidative stress is a potential factor. Caffeine and caffeic acid are present in various foods and beverages with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of caffeine, caffeic acid, and caffeine+caffeic acid treatments on oxidative stress in ectopic endometrial cells taken from patients and eutopic ones from women without endometriosis. In this experimental study, eutopic and ectopic endometrial cells were obtained from biopsies of women free of disease (n=10) and patients with endometriosis (n=10) who referred to Shiraz reference hospitals (2017-2018). Both eutopic and ectopic endometrial cells were divided into four groups: Treated with caffeine, with caffeic acid, with caffeine+caffeic acid, and the control. Also, antioxidant enzyme activities and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in each group. The data were analyzed using independent sample t test and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test. Caffeic acid, but not caffeine treatment demonstrated a decrease in MDA level (P<0.001) as well as an increase in GSH level (P<0.001) and antioxidant enzyme activities in ectopic endometrial cells. Also, the treatment of the cells with caffeine+caffeic acid caused similar effects as those ectopic cells treated with caffeic acid. According to the findings of the present study, caffeic acid reduced oxidative stress which may alleviate the complications associated with endometriosis. However, more investigations are needed for evaluating the efficiency and safety of caffeic acid.

Bioactivation of nitroglycerin (NTG) leads to the production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NTG treatment on the redox homeostasis in rat uterus around the time of implantation and the number of pups. The rats in long-term test groups were treated subcutaneously with NTG (15mg/kg BW) and normal saline (1ml/kg B) in control groups for 4 weeks. Afterwards, they were mated and divided into four groups. Two groups were treated until 5 days after mating. Thereafter, they were sacrificed and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase as well as the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the uterus homogenates were measured. In other two groups, treatments were continued until their pups were counted. In the short-term groups, treatments were started after mating, and all above parameters were measured as similar as long-term groups. Long-term NTG treatment significantly increased MDA level and decreased the GPx activity and the pups number compared to the controls (p<0.05), whereas no marked alteration in the activities of GR and CAT and the levels GSH were observed. However, short-term NTG treated groups showed no significant changes in all the parameters mentioned above as compared with the controls. Long-term NTG treatment, unlike short-term treatment, may cause impaired implantation and infertility, but there is also room for further improvement.

Glypican-3 is a cell surface protein, a member of glypican family and belongs to a group of heparin sulfate proteoglycan bound to the cell membrane through a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol anchor. GPC3 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and morphogenesis. Considering the distinct clinical behavior of odontogenic lesions, the aim of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of GPC3 in dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst and radicular cyst.
In this descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study, 60 tissue samples of odontogenic cysts consist of 20 radicular cysts (RC), 20 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and 20 dentigerous cysts (DC) were reviewed by immunohistochemistry staining for GPC3 marker.
In this study, both membranous and cytoplasmic expression of glypican-3 was observed. GPC3 expression was seen in 60% of OKCs (12/20). No GPC3 immunoreactivity was seen in DCs and RCs.
A high expression rate of GPC3 was detected in OKC, which might be related to the aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate of OKC; however, further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Carcinomas are the most common head and neck cancers. Adequate resection of the margins is critical for the management and predicting the prognosis of patients with head and carcinomas. The aim of this study was to determine clinicopathological factors influencing final tumor margins in resected carcinomas.
In this cross-sectional study, the records of all the patients with oral and maxillofacial carcinomas of soft tissue in 2006-2016, who had undergone surgical resection, were analyzed. Data on clinicopathological factors, including sex, age, type of tumor, tumor size and location, lymph node metastasis, the number of margins involved, tumor histological grade, tumor clinical stage, and the results of frozen section were collected and analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-squared test.
A total of 53.5% of the subjects had positive pathological margins (p value = 0.5), 12.7% had close margins and 0.8% had tumor-free margins. Positive margins exhibited a significant relationship with tumor size (p value = 0.01) and location (p value = 0.03). There were no significant relationships between sex, age, type of tumor, lymph node metastasis, histopathological tumor grade, clinical stage and frozen section with final margin (p value > 0.05).
In the present study, 66.2% of oral carcinomas showed final positive margins and the status of the final margin was associated with the tumor size and location.

Considering the prevalence of sunburn and its complications and the importance of preventing it, we conducted a study to compare a brand sunscreen with SPF = 60 (cream A) and a domestic sunscreen with SPF = 50 (cream B) in hikers.
The clinical trial was carried out on 50 participants in shiraz. 0.4 ml of the cream A was applied to one side of face and the same amount of cream B was applied to other side as control. The participants were exposed to the sun for 5 hours. The assessment was performed 3 hours after the onset by a dermatologist and 24 hours later by the participants themselves based on erythema, burning, itching and satisfaction with the products. The data were analyzed using McNemar and chi-square tests.
Cream B in 82.2% and A in 76.2% of cases prevented sunburn. Also, the participant's satisfaction was 95% and 82% for using B and A creams, respectively. Sunscreen A and B did not show significant difference in prevention of sunburn, but side effects such as burning and itching were observed more in cream A and paricipants satifaction was more with cream B.
Overall cream B had less side effects and participants were more satisfied with it.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of workplace exclusion in the relationship of leader-member exchange (LMX) with workplace deviance and psychological well-being. The sample consisted of 294 employees of an industrial company who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Of this sample 84% were men and average age was 35 years. Participant completed LMX (Graen & Uhl- Bien, 1995), Workplace Exclusion (Hitlan & Noel, 2009), Workplace Deviance (Bennet & Robinson, 2000), and Psychological Well-being (Ryff, 1994) Scales. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM), using SPSS-18 and AMOS-18 software packages. The indirect effects were tested using bootstrap procedure in SPSS Macro program for mediation effect. Findings indicated that the proposed model fit the data properly. The results also supported the mediating role of workplace exclusion in the relationship of leader-member exchange (LMX) with workplace deviance and psychological well-being. This research suggests that there is a strong need to make employees feel included within the workplace.